The document discusses two medical research studies. The first study investigates telomeres, the protective structures at the end of chromosomes, and finds defective telomeres are linked to diseases like cancer. The second describes a new more efficient method for making RNA molecules using robotics that could speed up research exponentially. The student observes both studies have important clinical applications, with telomeres key to future cancer research and the new RNA technique allowing diagnostics and therapeutics.

1. By: Juan Felipe González Franco
Medicine student
Faculty of health sciences UPB
2015

2. BIBLIOGRAPHY
-Centro Nacional de Investigaciones
Oncológicas (CNIO). (2015, July 15).
Defective telomeres are now being linked
to dozens of diseases, including many
types of cancer. ScienceDaily. Retrieved
august 2, 2015 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/
150715130828.htm
-The University of Texas Health
Science Center at San Antonio. (2015,
May 4). Revolutionary method of
making RNAs. ScienceDaily. Retrieve
august 2, 2015 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015
/05/150504121041.htm
MEDICAL UTILITY
These researches are very
important in my opinion because of
the clinical application:
The first one talks about
investigating the telomeres and
understanding these complex
structures may help future medicine
with new treatments for diseases
like cancer.
The second one
Dr. Sousa thinks this new method to
make RNA molecules that are
chemically diverse will speed up
research exponentially.
In my humble opinion Dr. Sousa is
too optimistic but, if he is right,
biological sciences will benefit
most.
Until now make RNAs to develop
diagnostics and therapeutics has
been limited by existing technology.
The interest in this is because RNAs
are molecules that can be used to
make therapeutics, sensors and
diagnostics.
GENETIC MATERIAL
REPLICATION
By: J. Felipe Gonzalez F.
MOLECULAR
BIOLOGY
Teacher: Lina
Martínez

3. Defective telomeres are now
being linked to dozens of
diseases, including many types
of cancer:
Telomeres are the structures that
prevent the DNA strands makes
chemically bonds to other strands,
i.e. the chromosomes would merge
and that would be lethal for the
cell.
The researchers are amazed about
how complex is the biology of
telomeres, and the high number
of factors “they are finding that are
essential to the preservation of
telomeres and, above all, the
precise coordination that is
required between them all.”
STUDENT OBSERVATION
In my opinion what they are
investigating is very important and
will be will be a key issue in the
future research, because they talk
about topics of great interest for
modern science like are cancer
therapy and ageing.
INTRODUTION
In recent years not only their
relation to ageing has been
confirmed; also defective telomeres
seem to be linked to a lot of diseases
even with some types of cancer, this
is very important for the future
medicine. The importance of
investigating these structures is to
improve diagnoses and develop
possible treatments for many
diseases. Telomeres, in the opinion
of these researchers, will become
increasingly important in clinical
studies.
Different types of RNAs perform
different functions, such as silencing
a gene or regulating a plethora of
processes in cells.
The new method described by Dr.
Sousa and his colleagues in Nature,
which includes robotics, will speed
up research exponentially.
This is desirable for studies of RNA
structure and function, and for
design of applications that could be
used to diagnose and treat diseases.
This new technique allows the
researcher make RNA molecules
that are chemically diverse.
Revolutionary method of making
RNAs:
Rui Sousa, Ph.D., professor of
biochemistry in the School of Medicine at
the Health Science Center is a co-author
on the paper with colleagues from the
National Institutes of Health, the
University of Colorado, said that “RNAs
are molecules that can be used to make
therapeutics, sensors and diagnostics, for
which there is a growing market”.
He and his colleagues describes a new,
more efficient method of making
ribonucleic acids (RNAs).
"This new technique allows a
researcher to make RNA molecules that
are chemically diverse,“ and they think
this new method, will speed up
research exponentially.
STUDENT OBSERVATION
Dr. Sousa and his collages propose a
new method for making RNA in a
more effective way, that will help a
lot in my opinion because of what the
told us at the beginning “RNAs are
molecules that can be used to make
therapeutics, sensors and
diagnostics“.

4. INTRODUCCION
 Telomeresarethe structuresthat protectthe endsof
chromosomes.
 The geneticinformationofDNA iscopiedinto
moleculescalledmessengerRNAs,whichare
basicallythe manufacturinginstructionsfor
proteins.

5. Defectivetelomeres arenowbeinglinkedto
dozensofdiseases, includingmanytypesof
cancer:
CentroNacionaldeInvestigaciones
Oncológicas (CNIO).
Defective telomeres are now
being linked to dozens of
diseases, including many types
of cancer:
Telomeres are the structures that
prevent the DNA strands makes
chemically bonds to other strands, i.e.
the chromosomes would merge and
that would be lethal for the cell.
The researchers are amazed about
how complex is the biology of
telomeres, and the high number of
factors “they are finding that are
essential to the preservation of
telomeres and, above all, the precise
coordination that is required between
them all.”
STUDENT OBSERVATION
In my opinion what they are
investigating is very important and
will be a key issue in the future
research, because they talk about
topics of great interest for modern
science like are cancer therapy and
ageing.

6. TELOMESRES
Telomeres are the ending
regions of a chromatid, their
presence protects the genes
before them on the
chromosome from being
truncated instead.
Defectivetelomeres arenowbeing linkedto dozensofdiseases,including manytypesof
cancer:

7. Theresearchersinvestigate telomeres, this
structuresare being linkedto diseases like
cancer, this show us the great importance of
telomeres and their function in the prevalence
of the chromosome structure.

8. telomeres havebeen tightly preserved
throughout the evolution in all cell lines,
that indicates its importance.
Theyprevent the fusion of chromosomes
and the loss of genetic information each
time a cell divides.

9. 
Defective telomeres are now being linked to dozens of
diseases, including many types of cancer:
Student observation:
In my opinion what they are
investigating is very important
and will be a key issue in the
future research, because they
talk about topics of great
interest for modern science like
are cancer therapy and ageing.

10. Revolutionary method of making RNAs:
Rui Sousa, Ph.D., professor of biochemistry
in the School of Medicine at the Health
Science Center is a co-author on the paper
with colleagues from the National Institutes
of Health, the University of Colorado, said
that “RNAs are molecules that can be used
to make therapeutics, sensors and
diagnostics, for which there is a growing
market”.
He and his colleagues describes a new,
more efficient method of making
ribonucleic acids (RNAs).
"This new technique allows a researcher to
make RNA molecules that are chemically
diverse,“ and they think this new method,
will speed up research exponentially.
STUDENT OBSERVATION
Dr. Sousa and his collages propose a new
method for making RNA in a more effective
way, that will help a lot in my opinion
because of what the told us at the beginning
“RNAs are molecules that can be used to
make therapeutics, sensors and
diagnostics“.
Revolutionary
method of making
RNAs:

11. Revolutionary method of making
RNAs:
Dr. Sousa and his
colleagues talk us about a
new method that
includes robotics, and
they think will speed up
research exponentially.

12. Revolutionary method of making
RNAs:
Dr. Sousa mentioned this new
technique and he said it allows a
researcher to make RNA molecules
that are chemically diverse, and can
reduce the time it takes to make
those molecules.

13. Revolutionary method of making
RNAs:
The great importance of these
molecules regarding medicine, in
words of Dr. Sousa is that “RNAs are
molecules that can be used to make
therapeutics, sensors and
diagnostics”.

14. 
Dr. Sousa and his collages
propose a new method for
making RNA in a more
effective way, that will help a
lot in my opinion because of
what the told us at the
beginning “RNAs are molecules
that can be used to make
therapeutics, sensors and
diagnostics“.
Revolutionary method of making RNAs:
Student observation

15. 
MEDICAL UTILITY

16. MEDICAL UTILITY
Bothresearchesallowtogeneticreplication
andeachonehaveamedicalapplication,
howeveroneofthemewerefocusedinthe
importanceoftelomereslikestructuresthat
protecttheendingsofthechromatids,and
theotheroneinanewmoreefficient
methodtomakeRNAusingrobotics.

17. MEDICAL UTILITY
The researchAbouttelomeres hasincreasing
becausenowtheinvestigations areconsidering
The ImportanceofThesenotvery simple
structuresin topicslike conserving the genetic
materialin eachchromatid.thishaveaclose
relationshipWiththe mutationsand
degenerationofthe genetic code, withCancer
andaging.

18. MEDICAL UTILITY
Until nowmakeRNAstoDevelop diagnostics
andtherapeuticshas-beenlimitedbyExisting
technology.
As Dr.SousaSaid RNAsaremolecules thatcan
beusedtomaketherapeutics, sensorsand
diagnostics,forthatreasonithas anImportant
clinical applicationimproving themethodto
makeDNA.

19. 
 Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO). (2015, july 15). Defective
telomeres are now being linked to dozens of diseases, including many types of cancer.
ScienceDaily. Retrieved august 2, 2015 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/07/150715130828.htm
 The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio. (2015, May 4).
Revolutionary method of making RNAs. ScienceDaily. Retrieve august 2, 2015 from
www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/05/150504121041.htm
 Martínez Sánchez, Lina María. Biología molecular.8.ed.Medellin: UPB. Fac. Medicina.
BIBLIOGRAPHY