Name : Teguh Firdaus NIM : 20190900015 Major : Industrial Engineering Faculty : Science and Technology Courses : Bahasa Inggris 2 Lecturer : Harisa Mardiana FInal Exam

1. Fact and Opinion about COVID-19 outbreak
Teguh Firdaus
20190900015
STUDY PROGRAM INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
FACULTY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
UNIVERSITAS BUDDHI DHARMA

2. Koronavirus disease 2019 (English: Coronavirus disease 2019, abbreviated COVID-19) (Novel
coronavirus to be called COVID-19, says WHO, 2020) (www.bbc.co.uk) is a infectious disease
caused by SARS-CoV-2, a type of Koronavirus (Gorbalenya, 2020) (Coronavirus disease named
COVID-19, 2020). This disease results in the 2019 – 2020 Pandemic Koronavirus (Hui, et al.,
2020) (Q&A Coronaviruses, 2020). COVID-19 sufferers may experience fever, dry cough, and
breathing difficulties. (Coronavirus About Symptoms and Diagnosis, 2020) (Chen, et al., 2020)
(Hessen, 2020) sore throat, colds, or sneezes are less commonly found. (Huang, et al.) In most
susceptible sufferers, the disease can lead to pneumonia and multiorgan failure (Hui, et al., 2020)
(Q&A Coronaviruses, 2020).
Infections spread from one person to another through a splash (droplet) of the respiratory tract
that is often produced when coughing or sneezing. (Q&A Coronaviruses, 2020) (Coronavirus
Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020) The time from virus exposure to the onset of clinical
symptoms ranged from 1 – 14 days to an average of 5 days. (Q&A Coronaviruses, 2020)
(Symptoms of Novel Coronarvirus (2019-nCoV), 2020) (Lai, Shih, Ko, & Hsueh, 2020)
(Velavan, Thirumalaisamy, Meyer, & Christian, 2020) The standard method of diagnosis is a
countertranscription polymerase-chain reaction (rRT-PCR) of the nasopharynx swab or phlegm
sample with results within a few hours to 2 days. Antibody examinations from blood serum
samples can also be used with results within a few days. (Normile, 2020) Infections can also be
diagnosed from a combination of symptoms, risk factors, and computational tomography scans
in the chest showing the symptoms of pneumonia. (Jin, Cai, Cheng, Cheng, Deng, & Fan, 2020)
(CT provides best diagnosis of COVID-19, 2020)
Washing your hands with soap, keeping the distance from the person coughing, and not touching
the face with an unclean hand is a recommended step to prevent this disease. (www.who.int,
2020) It is recommended to cover the nose and mouth with a tissue or elbow that is bent when
coughing. (www.who.int, 2020) The World Health Organization (WHO) and the US Center for
Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommend to people who suspect that they have been
infected to wear surgical masks and seek medical advice by calling a doctor and not visiting the
clinic directly. Masks are also recommended for those who take care of someone who is
suspected of being infected but not for general public use. (2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-
nCoV), 2020) (www.who.int, 2020) No specific vaccine or antiviral drugs exist for COVID-19;

3. The procedures provided include treatment of symptoms, supportive care, and experimental
action. (Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020) The case fatality number is estimated to
be between 1 – 3%. 26 27
Infected people may have mild symptoms, such as fever, cough, and breathing difficulties.
(Coronavirus About Symptoms and Diagnosis, 2020) (Chen, et al., 2020) (Hessen, 2020) In
some cases, COVID19 sufferers are asymptomatic. Symptoms of diarrhea or upper airway
infections (e.g. sneezing, colds, and sore throats) are less commonly found. (Huang, et al.) cases
can develop into severe pneumonia, multiorgan failure, and death. (Hui, et al., 2020) (Q&A
Coronaviruses, 2020)
The incubation period is estimated to be between 1 – 14 days by the World Health Organization
(WHO) (Q&A Coronaviruses, 2020) and 2 – 14 days by the United States Center for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC). [17] The WHO review of 55,924 confirmed cases in China
indicated the following clinical signs and symptoms: (Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission
on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), 2020)
This disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2 or
severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 syndrome). This virus spreads through sparks (droplets)
from the respiratory tract that are released while coughing or sneezing. (Coronavirus Disease
2019 (COVID-19), 2020) A study in Japan is studying the possibility of transmission can occur
through microdroplets that hover in the air. (国家卫生健康委关于新型冠状病毒肺炎暂命名事
宜的通知)

4. REFERENCES :
1. 7.^ "Novel coronavirus to be called COVID-19, says WHO". 11 Februari 2020. Diakses
tanggal 11 Februari2020.
2. 8.^ "Coronavirus disease named Covid-19" (dalam bahasa Inggris). 11 Februari 2020 –
via www.bbc.co.uk.
3. 9.^ Gorbalenya, Alexander E. (11 Februari 2020). "Severe acute respiratory syndrome-
related coronavirus – The species and its viruses, a statement of the Coronavirus Study
Group". bioRxiv (dalam bahasa Inggris):
2020.02.07.937862. doi:10.1101/2020.02.07.937862.
4. 10.^ "Coronavirus disease named Covid-19". BBC News (dalam bahasa Inggris). 11
Februari 2020. Diakses tanggal 11 Februari 2020.
5. 11.^ a b c d
Hui DS, I Azhar E, Madani TA, Ntoumi F, Kock R, Dar O, Ippolito G,
Mchugh TD, Memish ZA, Drosten C, Zumla A, Petersen E. The continuing 2019-nCoV
epidemic threat of novel coronaviruses to global health – The latest 2019 novel
coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China. Int J Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 14;91:264–
266. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.01.009. PMID 31953166.
6. 12.^ a b c d e f g
"Q&A on coronaviruses". Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO).
Diarsipkan dari versi aslitanggal 4 Maret 2020. Diakses tanggal 4 Maret 2020.
7. 13.^ a b
Chen, Nanshan; Zhou, Min; Dong, Xuan; Qu, Jieming; Gong, Fengyun; Han,
Yang; Qiu, Yang; Wang, Jingli; Liu, Ying; Wei, Yuan; Xia, Jia'an (Februari
2020). "Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel
coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study". Lancet (dalam bahasa
English). 395 (10223): 507–513. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7. PMID 32007143.
8. 14.^ a b
Hessen, Margaret Trexler (27 Januari 2020). "Novel Coronavirus Information
Center: Expert guidance and commentary". Elsevier Connect (dalam bahasa Inggris).
Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 Januari 2020. Diakses tanggal 31 Januari 2020.
9. 15.^ a b
Huang, Chaolin; Wang, Yeming; Li, Xingwang; Ren, Lili; Zhao, Jianping; Hu,
Yi; Zhang, Li; Fan, Guohui; Xu, Jiuyang; Gu, Xiaoying; Cheng, Zhenshun (24 Januari
2020). "Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan,
China". Lancet (dalam bahasa Inggris). doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-
5. ISSN 0140-6736. PMID 31986264

5. 10. 16. ^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan
Penyakit (dalam bahasa Inggris). 11 February 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 23
Februari 2020. Diakses tanggal 24 Februari2020.
11. 17.^ a b
"Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)". Pusat Pengendalian dan
Pencegahan Penyakit (CDC)(dalam bahasa Inggris). 29 Februari 2020. Diarsipkan
dari versi asli tanggal 4 Maret 2020. Diakses tanggal 4 Maret 2020.
12. 18.^ Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR (February 2020). "Severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019
(COVID-19): The epidemic and the challenges". International Journal of Antimicrobial
Agents: 105924. doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105924. PMID 32081636.
13. 19.^ Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P.; Meyer, Christian G. (2020). "The COVID-19
epidemic". Tropical Medicine & International Health (dalam bahasa Inggris). n/a (n/a):
278–280. doi:10.1111/tmi.13383. ISSN 1365-3156. PMID 32052514.
14. 20.^ Normile, Dennis; 2020; Pm, 4:30 (27 Februari 2020). "Singapore claims first use of
antibody test to track coronavirus infections". Science | AAAS (dalam bahasa Inggris).
Diakses tanggal 2 Maret 2020.
15. 21.^ Jin YH, Cai L, Cheng ZS, Cheng H, Deng T, Fan YP, et al. (February 2020). "A
rapid advice guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-
nCoV) infected pneumonia (standard version)". Military Medical Research. 7 (1):
4. doi:10.1186/s40779-020-0233-6. PMC 7003341 . PMID 32029004.
16. 22.^ "CT provides best diagnosis for COVID-19". ScienceDaily (dalam bahasa Inggris).
26 Februari 2020. Diakses tanggal 2 Maret 2020.
17. 23.^ a b c
"Advice for public". www.who.int (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi
asli tanggal 26 Januari 2020. Diakses tanggal 2020-02-25.
18. 24.^ CDC (11 Februari 2020). "2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV)". Pusat
Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diarsipkan dari versi
asli tanggal 14 Februari 2020. Diakses tanggal 15 Februari 2020.
19. 25.^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan
Penyakit (CDC). 15 Februari 2020. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 26 Februari 2020.
Diakses tanggal 20 Februari 2020.

6. 20. 28. ^ a b
World Health Organization. "Report of the WHO-China Joint Mission on
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)" (PDF): 11–12. Diakses tanggal 5 March 2020.
21. 31.^ "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - Transmission". Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (dalam bahasa Inggris). 4 Maret 2020. Diakses tanggal 17
Maret 2020.
22. 1.^ "国家卫生健康委关于新型冠状病毒肺炎暂命名事宜的通知". 7 Februari 2020.
Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 28 Februari 2020. Diakses tanggal 9 Februari 2020.
23. 6.^ a b c
"Coronavirus About Symptoms and Diagnosis". Pusat Pengendalian dan
Pencegahan Penyakit (dalam bahasa Inggris). Amerika Serikat. 30 Januari 2020.
Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 30 Januari 2020. Diakses tanggal 1 Februari 2020.