Introduction to Tissue engineering

2. BIOT – 852
Tissue
Engineering……….Pluripotent
stem cell applications
ADVANCED
TECHNIQUES IN CELL
CULTURE
TOPIC
Sir Muhammad Aqeel
Bhutto

3. OUT LINES OF PRESENTATION
Introduction 1
1
Benefits of tissue
engineering
2
2
Aims And Objects 3
3
Procedure 4
4
Potential of stem
cells in tissue
engineering
5
5
Stem cells applications 6
6
Features of tissue
engineering
7
7

4. INTRODUCTION
TISSUEENGINEERING
Tissue engineering refers to
the attempt to create
functional human tissues from
cells in a laboratory

5. Its ultimate goal is to be a cure, not merely treatment – by repairing or replacing tissues and
organs that fail due to disease, genetic errors, congenital abnormalities
TISSUEENGINEERINGIN
LABORATORY

6. ORGANSLOST BY TRAUMATICINJURY

7. For example Tissue engineering is the field of biomedical
engineering that’s goal is to create new cells
that helps heal organs and if need be, to
create an entirely new organ.

8. Tissue engineering
Step by step

9. Benefits of tissue
engineering
The mainpoint of tissueengineeringis to
makeit easierbasicallyreproduce organs
in order to makepeople’s lives better.

10. AIMS AND OBJECTS
Tissue engineering is multidisciplinary by necessity
“an interdisciplinary field that applies the principles of engineering and life sciences
towards the development of biological substitutes that restore, maintain, or improve
tissue function or a whole organ”

11. Procedure

12. Procedure
There are five basic steps in tissue engineering.
1st step is actually
getting the base cells
to work with, from
patient.
2nd Expending cells
3rd Seed onto an
appropriate scaffold with
suitable growth factors
and cytokines.
4th step is putting the altered
cells into a scaffold in order
to incubate the cell
5th The final step is to put the
newly created cells or organ
into use

13. Step 01
 These cells are then
modified to whatever kind
of cell is needed.
 There are 7 sources from
where you can get these
cells.
The materials that are used for tissue engineering are
actually living cells that were taken from somewhere else.
1. Autologous-.
2. Allogenic-
3. Xenogenic-
4. Syngenic-
5. Primary-
6. Secondary-
7. Stemcells-

14. 1. Autologous- Come from the person that needs the
new cells.

15. 2. Allogenic- Come from a body from the same species.

16. 3. Xenogenic- Come from a different species then the
organism they’re going into.

17. 4. Syngenic- Come from genetically identical people. (Twins)

18. 5. Primary- Come from any organism.
6.Secondary- Come from a cell bank.
7. Stem cells- Undifferentiated cells.

19. Bioreactors are used
in an attempt to
recreate realistic
physiological
environments so that
the cells can grow in
a natural manner.
Step 02
Expending cells in laboratory

20. Step 03 and 04
Once the cells are obtained, they are then put
into a scaffold to let the cells grow into their
new forms.
Scaffolds are materials that have been
engineered to cause desirable cellular
interactions to contribute to the formation of
new functional tissues for medical purposes.
Cells are often 'seeded' into these structures
capable of supporting three-dimensional tissue
formation.
Capillary Culture Units:
The original problem with creating new organs
was that they would die before they could get
placed into the organism that needed them.
This problem has been solved with the recent
developments in 3D printers, which allows for
blood vessels to be put into the new organ.
that delivers nutrients and removes products
of cellular metabolism.
The capillary culture unit (CCU)
consists of a network of artificial
capillaries that simulates the in vivo
vascular matrix.

21. Step 05
This step obviously is when the newly created cells are put into use.
Whether they are being used to create a new organ via the 3D Organ
Printer, or they are being used as new skin.

22. POTENTIAL OF STEM CELLS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING
 Capable of self-renewal-- can divide and renew themselves for long periods
 Unspecialized cells that can differentiate into other types of cells

23. Pluripotent: Embryonic stem cells:
Can become any cell type in the body
 Enormous potential
 Self-renewal
Multipotent: Adult stem cells.
Can become multiple but limited number
of cell types.
 Derived From Patient
 Reduced Risk Of Immune Rejection

24.  It is renewable source of
replacement cells and tissues to
replace need for donors.
 potential to treat diseases or
injuries that affect tissues that
cannot regenerate
CURRENT RESEARCH APPLICATIONS:
 Cardiovascular disease:
 Diabetes,
 Osteoarthritis,
 Spinal cord injury,
 Alzheimer’s,
 Strokes,
 Burns,
 Drug discovery,...
STEM CELL APPLICATIONS:

25. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Bioartificial windpipe: The first procedure of regenerative medicine of an
implantation of a "bioartificial" organ

26. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
In vitro meat: Edible artificial animal muscle tissue cultured in vitro

27. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Bioartificial liver device: several research efforts have produced hepatic assist
devices utilizing living hepatocytes

28. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Artificial pancreas: research involves using islet cells to produce and regulate
insulin, particularly in cases of diabetes

29. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Artificial bladders: has successfully implanted artificially grown bladders into seven
out of approximately 20 human test subjects as part of a long-term experiment

30. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Cartilage: lab-grown tissue was successfully used to repair knee cartilage

31. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Tissue-engineered vessels

32. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Artificial skin constructed from human skin cells embedded in a hydrogel, such as in the
case of bioprinted constructs for battlefield burn repairs

33. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Artificial bone marrow

34. FEATURESOF TISSUEENGINEERING
Other Human organs like ear

35.  I see tissue engineering as a very promising field in Biomedical engineering. It provide
us a wide view of advantages of advanced bioengineering.
 It can solve many of the problems that people experience today. Like:-
 This field has developed great hope for the peoples who suffer of liver ailments by
generating artificial liver.
 It has reawaked hope in the diabetic patients by producing artificial pancreatic Beta
cells of Iselets of Langhans for insuline.
 Tissue engineering is a exciting, interesting and valuable field where is Pakistan lot of
work is needed specially in research and development. No doubt developed countries
are more advanced in this field, and I am confident in future it would be most great
business of world, to sell and purchase human synthetic organs, people would never
talk to purchase Japanese original cars, Taiwan original mobile or other non living
devices but they would talk I have new original kidney from xy lab or country, I have to
buy a new liver ……..
DISCUSSION

36.  As a researcher our up coming decade would give us more challenges, by giving exiting
research topics in tissue engineering. Emphasis is still placed on the optimal cell
sources, growth factors, scaffold design and fabrication , and the development of
microfibrication technology to create vascularized tissues and organs.
DISCUSSION
Thanks