一、緣由
二〇〇六年十二月十三日日聯合國大會制訂通過《身心障礙者權利公約》(Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities ,CRPD),二〇〇八年五月三日生效,是進入二十一世紀後,聯合國通過的第一份人權公約,至二0一四年2月間已有一百五十八個國家或區域整合組織(如歐盟)簽署,並有一百四十一個締約國或區域整合組織(如歐盟)。鄰近的亞洲國家,例如日本,亦於2014年1月20日批准此項公約。
身心障礙者權利公約的內容包括序言及五十條條文,強調身心障礙者與其他人享有一樣的權利,而「身心障礙」是身心障礙者與社會環境互動遭遇各種障礙的結果,要求政府應落實各種形式的無障礙,包括硬體環境、使用交通工具、利用資訊和通信系統,促進相關技術的設計、生產。強調透過去除障礙環境和支持服務,讓障礙者可以充分地融入社會、自立生活。
身心障礙者權利公約特別強調障礙者主流化,要求國家的所有立法和政府各部門的所有政策,制定過程應有障礙者的參與,所有政策的推動都要考量障礙者是否能平等使用、參與。所以障礙者必須充權培力,了解自己的權利,落實兩公約的人權。
二、內容
以聯合國出版的自我倡議手冊為教材,這本書是為了想生活得更好的身心障礙者而寫,學習如何公開發表意見以促成改變。學習使用人權的力量,成為自我倡導者。自我倡導者為他們自己公開發表意見,自我倡導者採取行動以聲張他們的人權。
內容包括:
聯合國身心障礙者權利公約是什麼?
人權是什麼?
人權能做些什麼?
倡導是什麼?
如何採取行動幫助自己與其他身心障礙者?
學習造成改變,並生活得更好。
註:CRPD監測手冊簡體版在國際上最先公佈,簡轉繁過程中讓版面跑掉,敬請見諒。
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參考資料選錄
出版物和報告
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聯合國正式檔(可檢索: (www.ods.un.org)
聯合國。大會。聯合國人權事務高級專員辦事處關於促進對《障礙者權利
公約》的認識和瞭解的專題研究。(A/HRC/10/48)
_____ 酷刑和其他殘忍、不人道或有辱人格的待遇或處罰特別報告員的臨
時報告。(A/63/175)
_____ 聯合國人權事務高級專員關於執行障礙者的人權研究報告所載建
議進展情況的報告。(A/HRC/4/75)
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網站
United Nations, Enable: http://www.un.org/chinese/disabilities/.
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights:
http:// www.ohchr.org/.