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2. SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT
THE ROLE OF THEORY AND HISTORY OF MANAGEMENT
Member’s Name:
 SYED HASNAIN AHMED
 GHULAM HAIDER
 ABDUL SAMI

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The planning, organizing, leading, and
controlling of human and other resources to
achieve organizational goals effectively and
efficiently.
All managers work in organizations
Organizations – collections of people who work
together and coordinate their actions to
achieve a wide variety of goals
What is Management?

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Scope Of Management

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When most peoples think of managers and
management they think of profit-seeking
organizations. Management is essential.
Indeed any group of two or more persons
working together to achieve a goal and having
human, material, financial, or informational
resources at its disposal requires the practice
of management.
SCOPE OF MANAGEMENT

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Management comes from large profit-seeking organizations
because their survival has long depended on efficiency and
effictiveness.
Eamples of large businesses include industrial firms such as
Tenneco, BP, Toyota, BMW, Xerox.
 Management is also essential for small businesses, which
plays an important role in the country’s economy. In some
respects, effective management is more important in a
small business than in a large one.
Managing in Profit-Seeking Organizations

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 Intangible goals such as education, social services, public protection, and
recreation are often the primary aim of not-for-profit organizations.
Examples include United Way of America, the U.S Postal Service, Girl
Scouts of the U.S.A, and the Public Broadcasting System (PBS).
 These Organizations may not have to be profitable to attract investors,
they must still employ sound management practices if they are to survive
and work toward their goals. If the United Way were to begin to spend
large portions of its contribution on administration, contributors would
lose confidence in the organizations and make their charitable donations
elsewhere.
Managing in Not-for-Profit Organizations

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Managing in Not-for-Profit Organizations

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The Importance Of Theory And History
Theory provides a simple conceptual framework for organizing knowledge and for
providing a blueprint for action to help guide organizations toward their goals.
Contributions from past industrialists havemolded theorganizational culture and
managers can benefit from an awareness of these contributions.
THE ROLE OF THEORY AND HISTORY IN
MANAGEMENT

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 Economic forces are the ideas behind the concept
of a market economy such as private ownership of
property, economic freedom, competitive
markets, and a limited role for government.
 Social forces are the element of society which has
the capability of causing cultural change or
influences people.
 Political forces such as Parties, personalities,
pressure groups that strongly influence the
economic and political stability of a country
through their actions and pronouncements.
The Historical Context Of Management

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 While the practice of management can be traced back to 3000 B.C., it was not
given serious attention until the 1 800s when large organizations emerged.
 Early management pioneers
 The early pioneers include:
 Robert Owen was one of the first managers to show respect and dignity to
workers in his factory. He implemented better working conditions, raised the
minimum age for child labor, reduced hours, and supplied meals.
 Charles Babbage applied mathematic principles to find ways to make the most
efficient use of facilities and materials. He also advocated profit-sharing plans.
 Andrew Ure was one of the world's first professors to teach management
principles at Anderson's College in Glasglow.
Precursors to management
theory

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