Materi Perkuliahan Pengantar Teori Ilmu Administrasi

1. PENGANTAR KONSEP DAN TEORI
ILMU ADMINISTRASI
Irfan Ridwan Maksum
Professor of Public Administration
Graduate School of Public Administration
Chairman of Research Cluster Democracy and Local Governance
(DELOGO)
Faculty of Administrative Science
University of Indonesia

2. PENDAHULUAN
Apa yang ada di benak kita mendengar kata
administrasi?

3. According to HerbertASimon
– “Administration is defined as the activities of
groups co-operating to accomplish common goals.”
According to Pfiffner and Presthus
• Administration is defined as the organization
and direction of human and material resources to
achievedesired ends.
Dll.,rujukan(amatbanyak).
DEFINISI

4. ADMINISTRATION
Two essential elements of administration:
 collective effort
 common purpose
SAMA TIDAK? DENGAN MANAJEMEN?

5. MEANING OF ADMINISTRATION
Administration means management of affairs, public or
private.
Management is getting things done through the others
effort.
Administration is the over all of management of the
organization.

6. Wren,
Bedelen,
Breeze
(2002)

7. M. LAXMIKANTH
(2011)

8. DEFINISI ADMINISTRASI
Proses (bentuk) kerjasama antara dua orang
atau lebih untuk mencapai tujuan tertentu
yang diinginkan dan telah ditetapkan
Bersama.
(Prajudi Atmosudirdjo)

9. Ada Interest/ Politik
Ada Value/ Kultur
Ada Kontrak/ Kesepakatan/ Hukum
Ada Survivalitas/ Ekonomi
Ada Sistem/ SOP/ Teknologi/
Rekayasa
ADMINISTRASI = INSTRUMEN BERISI
MANUSIA BEKERJA SAMA DALAM RANGKA
MERAIH TUJUAN YANG DIINGINKAN
BERSAMA (Maksum: 2020)

10. ILMU ADMINISTRASI BERSIFAT
MULTIDISIPLIN/ INTERDISIPLIN
POL
EKON
BUD
HUK
PSI
KRIM
KOM
ADM

11. THE CONCEPT OF ADMINISTRATION;
ROOT OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE ADMINISTRATION
Administration is an universal process and occurs in
diverse institutional settings. Based on its institutional
settings, administration is divided into:
 public administration (refers to the administration
which operates in governmental setting)
 private administration (refers to the administration
which operates in non-governmental setting)
JADI AKARNYA ADALAH WADAHNYA YAKNI LEMBAGA
(ORGANISASI DENGAN SISTEM NILAINYA)

12. THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN PUBLIC AND
BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
1.Both seek to implement the same administrative
principles (planning, organizing, coordination,
directing, supervising) to achieve the desired goals.
2. The manager/ administrator in both do the same
roles and duties.
3. Both need human interactions within it.

13. THEDIFFERENCEBETWEENPUBLIC AND
BUSINESSADMINISTRATION
1. The governmental activities are public administration, the non-
governmental activates are business administration.
2. The activities that serve the public domain are public
administration, while those who serve the private domain
are business administration.
3. Public administration has public authority while business
administration doesn’t have it.
4. Public administration works in monopolistic environment while
business administration works in a competitive environment.

14. HOWTO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PUBLIC
AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.
Based on the area/
scope:
the scope of public administration is much wider
than the area of business administration, because
the public administration goals are not bounded
and related to many aspect and fields like
economic, health, education and social fields,
while the goals of business administration are
bounded and mostly
focused at the economic field.

15. HOWTO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PUBLIC
AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.
Based on the resources: the resources at public
Administration are public assets, while in business
administration the project owners are the owners of
the assets.
Based on the goal: the goal of public administration
is mostly to serve the public domain, while the goals
of business administration put to gain profit. And the
success of any privet project can be measured by how
much profit it can gain, while the public project’s
success can be measured by how much it helped the
public domain or the goal that the government desire.

16. HOWTO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN PUBLIC
AND BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION.
Based on the laws:
The laws that rule the public administration are public laws, while the
laws that rule the business administration are based on private laws like
civil law and trading law.
Based on the workers:
the worker at the public administration get
salaries from the government, while the
workers at the business administration work
by contracts.

18. PUBLIC ADM. VS BUSINESS ADM.
(AZHAR KASIM: 2005)
 Adm. Publik pendekatannya lebih makro tidak hanya tentang
organization entity tetapi juga mencakup eksternalities yang
menjadi tanggung jawab pemerintah dan kepentingan
masyarakat
 Adm. Privat (swasta) pendekatannya lebih mikro yaitu menurut
kepentingan perusahaan sebagai suatu organisasi dan bermotif
mencari keuntungan

19. Organisasi Profit
Organisasi Publik
Organisasi Non Profit
Organisasi Private
PEMILIK INDIVIDU ATAU KELOMPOK
NATIONS BASED, LOCAL BASED
COMMUNITY AND
INTERSEST BASED
(PHILANTHROPY)
MARKET BASED
(ENTREPRISE, FIRM)
PRIVATISASI
CSR
1
2
3
4
5--underbow
6

20. LEVEL ANALYSIS OF ADMINISTRATIVE
SCIENCE

21. ADMINISTRATIVE AS ART AND SCIENCE
ADMINISTRATIVE
THEORY
APPLIED
ADMINISTRATIO

22. ADMINISTRATIVE THEORY
ORGANIZATIONAL
THEORY
BEHAVIOR PUBLIC PERSONAL
ADMINISTRATION

23. APPLIED PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
FUNCTIONS
 Financial functions
 Defense functions
 Educational function
 Economic Administration
 Foreign administration
 etc

24. APPLIED
BUSINESS
ADMINISTRATION
FUNCTIONS
 Strategic functions: Environmental/
Factors Analysis
 Leadership function
 Financial functions
 Marketing Function
 RnD function
 HRD Function
 etc

25. SCOPE OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
 It is the basis of government, which is in
broader definition consist of three
branch of governmental setting:
legislature, executive, and courts.
 It is the instrument of change in the
society.
 It plays vital role in the life of the
people.
 It is an instrument for executing laws,
policies, programs of the state.

26. SCOPE OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
It is a stabilizing force in the
society as it provides
continuity.
 It is instrument of national
integration in the developing
countries which are facing
class-wars.

27. THAPA (2020), DUA BASIS SCOPE OF PA
1. Traditional view: the traditional writers restricted the scope of public administration to
the executive branch of government only. In narrow sense public administration covers
the primarily the organization, personnel, practices and procedures essential to
effective performance of the civilian functions entrusted to the executive branch of the
government.
2. Modern view: the modern writers have extended the scope of public administration to
all the three branches of government, according to them; public administration is the
whole government in action. In A democracy all major administrative policies from the
legislative in the form of laws and the legislature also exercise control over
administration with the view to see that the policies are implemented as it intends.
The judiciary has the power to restrain public administration from the
unconstitutional, illegal and arbitrary acts. Therefore, all three branches of
government are part of the study and practice of public administration.

28. RICHARD J. STILLMAN II
(5 VARIASI LINGKUP KEGIATAN ADMINISTRASI PUBLIK)

29. Public administration may be defined as all
processes, organizations, and individuals (the later
acting in official positions and roles) associated
with carrying out laws and other rules adopted or
issued by legislatures, executives, and courts.
(George J. Gordon, 1982)

30. ORGANISASI BISNIS
Sektor manufaktur
Sektor Jasa
Sektor Kreative

31. BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION
(AHMAD MAHMOOD AL FIKY)
Business can be defined as “a group of activates
aim to product and distribute the products and
services necessary for human needs.”
While business administration is “managing the
economic activity to gain profits”

32. DEFINISI BISNIS
Aktivitas (kegiatan) dari berbagai institusi yang
menghasilkan barang dan jasa dengan motif
mencari laba yang diperlukan untuk kehidupan
masyarakat sehari-hari.
Kegiatan individu yang terorganisir untuk
menghasilkan barang dan jasa guna mendapatkan
keuntungan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan
msyarakat.

33. AKTIFITAS ADM
BISNIS
Aktifitas administrasi berupa
Pengorganisasian, perencanaan,
pemimpinan, dan pengawasan
Aktifitas perdagangan, berupa
supplay and demand dan
pertukaran pasar
Aktifitas komersial, berupa
pencarian laba atau keuntungan.

34. AKTIVITAS BISNIS DALAM PEREKONOMIAN
Produksi (Primer,
Sekunder, Tertier)
Distribusi
Konsumsi

35. SALAH SATU MODEL PERKEMBANGAN
ADMINISTRASI BISNIS (MIKRO APPROACH)
KLASIK NEO
KLASIK
MODERN POST-
MO

36. CHANGING NATURE OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION

37. PERGESERAN
PARADIGMA
DALAM
MANAJEMEN
PELAYANAN
PUBLIK
Old Public Administration
(OPA)
New Public Management
(NPM)
New Public Service (NPS)