6. Detection Advantage
SNRr =
10 log Psource − 10 log Pnoise − 20
log r.
Increasing the sensor density by a factor of k
reduces the average distance to a target by a
factor of .
Increase in sensor density by a factor of k improves
the SNR at a sensor by 10 log k db.
7. Applications of wireless
sensor networks:
Military applications
Monitoring inimical forces
Monitoring friendly forces and
equipment
Military-theater or battlefield
surveillance
Targeting
Battle damage assessment
Nuclear, biological, and chemical
attack detection and more ...
8. Environmental applications
Microclimates
Forest fire detection
Flood detection
Precision agriculture and more ...
Health applications
Remote monitoring of physiological
data
Tracking and monitoring doctors and
patients inside a hospital
Drug administration
Elderly assistance and more ...
9. Home applications
Home automation
Instrumented environment
Automated meter reading and more ...
Commercial applications
Environmental control in industrial and
office buildings
Inventory control
Vehicle tracking and detection
Traffic flow surveillance and more ...
Disaster relief applications
Precision agriculture
10. Enabling Technologies for
Wireless Sensor Networks:
Hardware:
Wireless Networking:
Collaborative Signal Processing:
Energy scavenging:
11. Challenges for WSNs
1.Characteristic requirements
2.Required mechanisms
1.Characteristic requirements:
Type of service
Quality of Service
Fault tolerance
Lifetime
Scalability
Wide range of densities
Programmability
Maintainability
12. 2. Required mechanisms
Multihop wireless communication
Energy-efficient operation
Auto-configuration
Collaboration and in-network
processing.
Data centric
Locality
Exploit trade-offs
13. ARCHITECTURES:
Single-Node Architecture –
Hardware Components
Energy Consumption of Sensor Nodes
Operating Systems and Execution
Environments,
Network Architecture –
Sensor Network Scenarios
Optimization Goals and Figures of
Merit
Gateway Concepts.
17. Energy Consumption of
Sensor Nodes
1. Operation states with
different power consumption.
2. Microcontroller energy
consumption.
3. Memory.
4. Radio transceivers.
20. Operating Systems and
Execution Environments:
1. Embedded operating systems:
2. Programming paradigms:
Concurrent Programming
(sequential prog model).
Process-based prog model
Event-based programming model
21.
22. Network Architecture –
Sensor Network Scenarios:
1.Types of sources and sinks.
2.Single-hop versus multihop
networks.
3.Multiple sinks and sources.
4. Three types of mobility.
23. Source-a source is an entity in the
network that can provide information
Sink- It is the entity where information
is required
1.Neighbour node
2.Hand held device (PDA)
3.INTERNET
30. Energy efficiency.
Energy per correctly received bits
Energy per reported event
Delay/energy trade off
Network life time
Payload –the energy required to
transfer I bit of information
31. DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR
WSN
Distributed organization
In network processing
Adaptive fideility and accuracy
Data centricity (address data, not
nodes)