Scaling the Carsharing Market: Trends, Opportunities and the Role of Government
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The document discusses carsharing and shared mobility services. It provides an overview of different carsharing models including roundtrip, one-way, peer-to-peer, and fractional ownership models. It also discusses the ecosystem of shared mobility services which includes bike sharing, transportation network companies, and flexible transit services. The document outlines factors that contribute to the success of carsharing like parking pressure, high density, and mixed land uses. It also examines the role of government in supporting carsharing through policies around insurance, parking, planning, and integration with public transit.
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Scaling the Carsharing Market: Trends, Opportunities and the Role of Government
- 1. Scaling the Carsharing Market SUSAN SHAHEEN, PH.D., ADJUNCT PROFESSOR & CO-‐ DIRECTOR, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Email: sshaheen@berkeley.edu Twi6er: SusanShaheen1
- 2. Overview § Carsharing Service Models § Ecosystem of Services § Service Features § Success Factors § Role of Government § Accessibility § Shared Mobility Developments and Future § Summary © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 3. Ecosystem of Services © UC Berkeley, 2015 Marco Viviani, 2014 BIKESHARING TNC/ FLEXIBLE TRANSIT SERVICES
- 4. Carsharing Service Models © UC Berkeley, 2015 Roundtrip Carsharing: Round trip, pay by the hour/mile, non-‐profit and for profit fleet models Peer-‐to-‐Peer Carsharing: Shared use of private vehicle typically managed by third party One-‐Way Carsharing: Pay by the minute, point to point, fleet operated, street parking agreements FracDonal Ownership Carsharing: Individuals sublease or subscribe to a vehicle owned by a third party
- 5. © UC Berkeley, 2015 Growth of Worldwide Carsharing 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 Members 346,610 670,822 1,163,405 1,788,027 4,842,616 Vehicles 11,501 19,403 31,967 43,554 104,125 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000 120,000 0 1,000,000 2,000,000 3,000,000 4,000,000 5,000,000 6,000,000 Vehicles Members Shaheen and Cohen, 2015
- 7. World Carsharing Growth Rates 2006-‐08 2008-‐10 2010-‐12 2012-‐14 Members 39% 32% 24% 64% Vehicles 30% 28% 17% 55% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Growth Rate © UC Berkeley, 2015 Shaheen and Cohen, 2015
- 8. Market OpportuniTes © UC Berkeley, 2015 Neighborhood Carsharing Business Carsharing Fleet Carsharing Developers College/University Special PopulaDons Lease Sharing
- 9. New Service Features Instant Access Open-‐Ended ReservaDons One-‐Way Trips © UC Berkeley, 2015 App IntegraDon
- 10. IntegraTon with Apps: Simplifying Consumer Choice More services needed that consolidate route planning, pricing, travel 4mes, and modal op4ons to guide and simplify consumer choice © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 11. IntegraSon with Apps: Simplifying Consumer Choice © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 12. 2014 Membership: One-‐way & Roundtrip Asia Europe North America South America Oceania Global Round-‐trip 926,280 1,834,418 1,179,930 0 50,000 3,990,628 One-‐way 29,600 372,466 445,722 3,500 700 851,988 0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 4,500,000 5,000,000 © UC Berkeley, 2015 Shaheen and Cohen, 2015
- 13. Success Factors Parking Pressure MulD-‐Modal SePng High Density © UC Berkeley, 2015 Mixed Use
- 14. Numerous European studies es4mate market poten4al of carsharing between 3% and 25% of the popula4on © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 15. Role of Government Insurance Parking Planning & Policy © UC Berkeley, 2015 TaxaDon Public Transit IntegraDon
- 16. Role of Government Amsterdam: City of Amsterdam has 1,600 public charging staDons. Car2go maintains an electric fleet of 340 vehicles. © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 17. Role of Government Germany: Transport Minister Alexander Dobrindt is developing policies to encourage carsharing including: special signage, free parking, and dedicated parking. © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 18. Role of Government Paris: Autolib has 3,000 Bluecars and 4,000 charging staDons throughout Paris has more than 155,000 subscribers. © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 19. Role of Government San Francisco: SFMTA approved a carsharing parking policy that permits on-‐street parking of up to 900 spaces. © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 20. Role of Government Portland: Developers can buy down half of their parking requirement by providing extra bicycle/motorcycle parking or spaces for car-‐ or bike-‐ sharing services. At city's discreDon, developers can bypass parking minimum where parking provision might negaDvely impact neighborhood. © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 21. Accessibility Banking: Unbanked and under banked unable to access transportaDon services because they lack debit/credit cards or other electronic payment opDons Technology: Lower smartphone penetraDon of low-‐income households InformaDon and Access: Lack of Internet and informaDon access by low-‐income households © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 22. Shared Mobility Developments © UC Berkeley, 2015 e-‐Bikesharing § Milan’s BikeMi tradiSonal bikesharing and e-‐bikes from same kiosks § 4,600 bicycles (3,600 pushbikes and 1,000 e-‐bikes) TransportaDon Courier Services offering P2P deliveries (e.g., Nimber app in UK) § Launched in 2013, Nimber has 30,000 members and delivers ~10,000 packages a year Flexible Transit Services (e.g., Via, Bridj, Chariot, Leap) P2P Services focused on college market, airport travelers, and bicycle users
- 23. Blurring Lines: Convergence? Carsharing Services Transporta4on Network Companies Public Transit Services Car Ownership / P2P Carsharing SIMILAR ATTRIBUTES © UC Berkeley, 2015 Michael Galczynski, 2015
- 24. Future: Confluence of Trends Shared Mobility Electric Vehicles Autonomous Vehicles © UC Berkeley, 2015 Shaheen, 2015
- 25. Summary § Growing ecosystem of services in mobility + sharing economy § New service features: instant access, open-‐ended reservaSons, one-‐way trips, app integraSon § Success factors: parking, mulS-‐modal, high density, and mixed use § Role of government: insurance, parking, policy/planning, taxaSon, and public transit integraSon § Accessibility: banking, technology, and informaSon § Future convergence of sharing, EVs, and AVs? © UC Berkeley, 2015
- 26. Acknowledgements § Mineta TransportaTon InsTtute, San Jose State University § California Department of TransportaTon § Adam Cohen, Elliot MarTn, Nelson Chan, Ma Christensen, and Michael Galczynski, TSRC, UC Berkeley § Special thanks to worldwide shared mobility operators, experts, CarSharing AssociaTon, Bundesverband Car Sharing, CiTz Network, CarPlus, World Carshare Forum, and other industry partners and associaTons that make our research possible © UC Berkeley, 2015 www.tsrc.berkeley.edu