1. SUBMITTED BY -
SUMIT KUMAR
20120959
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF-Asst.
Prof. ATUL SHANKER MANI TRIPATHI
MANGALAYATAN UNIVERSITY
2. o Nanotechnology
o History
o Synthesis
o Applications
o Advantages and Disadvantages
o Future
o Conclusions
3. o Nano is a Greek word means Dwarf
o Nanoscience and nanotechnology are the study
and application of extremely small things and can
be used across all the other science fields, such as
chemistry, biology, physics, materials science and
engineering.
o Nanotechnology is the art and science of
manipulating matter at the nanoscale.
4. o Indeed, they are all about the size of a nanometer
o Nano = 10-9 = 1/ 1,000,000,000 = 1 / Billion
o A nanometer is about the size of ten atoms in a
row. Basically, Nanoscience is study of nanometer
size things .
o Magical Point on Length Scale, for this is the
point where the smallest man-made devices meet
atoms and molecules of the natural world
5.
6.
7. o 1600 year old Roman goblet shines differently
from different angles
o Contains gold and silver nanoparticles(50 nm)
8. o1974 The word Nanotechnology first coined by Nario
Taniguchi, Univ. of Tokyo --- production technology
to get ultra fine accuracy and precision – 1nm
o1985 new form of carbon discovered --- C60
buckminister fullerene 60 carbon atoms arranged in a
sphere made of 12 pentagons and 20 hexagons
9. o1981 IBM invented STM scanning tunneling
microscope which can move single atoms around.
o1991 carbon nanotubes discovered “graphitic
carbon needles ranging from 4 nm – 30 nm and up
to 1 micron in length”.
o1993 First high quality quantum dots prepared ---
very small particles with controlled diameters of
CdS, CdSe, CdTe
10. o 2000 First DNA motor made similar to
motorized tweezers may make computers
1000 more powerful.
o DNA motors can be attached to
electrically conducting molecules – act as
basic switches.
11. o 2001 prototype fuel cell made with nanotubes .
o 2002 Nanomaterials make stain repellant trousers
Nano-care khakis have nanowhiskers (10-100 nm
in length) .
12. o Atom-by-atom assembly
-Like bricklaying, move atoms into place one at a time
using tools like the AFM and STM.
o Chisel away atoms
-Like a sculptor, chisel out material from a surface until
the desired structure emerges.
13. o Self assembly
-Set up an environment so atoms assemble automatically.
Nature uses self assembly (e.g., cell membranes).
IBM logo assembled
from individual xenon
atoms
Polystyrene spheres
self-assembling
14. o Making smaller devices by using larger ones to
direct their assembly
o Start with large structures
o Slow
o Generally expensive
o Examples: Ball milling, Lithography etc.
15.
16. o Self-assembly
o Makes use of physical forces down at
atomic/molecular level
o Start with atoms or molecules
o Less expensive
o Found inherently in nature
o Examples: sol-gel processing, Chemical vapour
deposition etc.
23. o Targeted Drug Delivery
o Artificial Retina
o Tissue Regeneration
24. Materials :
o Stronger
o Lighter
o Cheaper
o Durable
o Precise
25. o Computers can become a billion times faster and
a million times smaller
o Automatic Pollution Cleanup
o Manufacturing at almost no cost
26. o Universal Immunity (i.e. aids, flu)
o Body Sculpting (i.e. change your appearance)
o End of illness( i.e. Cancer, Heart disease )
27. o Loss of jobs (in manufacturing,
farming, etc)
o Carbon Nanotubes could cause
infection of lungs
o Oil & Diamonds could become
worthless
o Atomic weapons could be more
accessible and destructive
28. o “Nanotechnology products worldwide will be $2.6
Trillion or 15% of global manufacturing output.”
Investing in Nanotechnology -- Jack Uldrich
o Enablers and tools: Hysitron, Imago
o Nanomaterials: Carbon Nanotechnologies, Aspen
Aerogels
o Fortune 500 Companies: 3M, Affymetrix, Cabot,
Dow, Dupont, Kodak, Texaco, AMD, GE, HP,
IBM, Intel, Motorola, NEC
o Disrupters: Bioforce Nanoscience, Nanosolar
29. o Health issues
-Nanoparticle could be inhaled swallowed, absorbed
through skin, or deliberately injected
-Could they trigger inflammation and weaken the
immune system
o Environmental issues
-Nanoparticles could accumulate in soil, water,
plants; traditional filters are too big to catch them
o New risk assessment methods are needed
-National and international agencies are beginning
to study the risk; results will lead to new
regulations
30. o Nanoscale Engineering Radiation Lab- Dr. Yu-Bin Chen
o Morph: Nokia’s Nanotechnology Concept Phone
http://tini.us/morph
o Wikipedia NT Portal
http://tini.us/nano
www.worldresearchreport.com
o Image Credits
http://sxc.hu/
31. The power to collect data and manipulate particles
at such a tiny scale will lead to
o New areas of research and technology design
o Better understanding of matter and interactions
o New ways to tackle important problems in
healthcare, energy, the environment, and
technology
o A few practical applications now, but most are
years or decades away
