CoAP & HTTP

1. Z21404-EMBEDDED SYSTEM AND INTERNET OF THINGS
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol & ConstrainedApplication Protocol
ROLL NO NAME MARKS SIGN
21DX19 SHELVAAATHITHYAN.V.K
Presented by:

2. OVERVIEW
• What is application layer protocol?
• Types of application layer protocol.
• Introduction To HTTP.
• Features of HTTP.
• Pros and Cons of HTTP.
• Application of HTTP.
• Introduction To CoAP.
• Features of CoAP.
• Pros and Cons of CoAP.
• Application of CoAP.
• Difference between HTTP and CoAP

3. WHAT IS APPLICATION LAYER
PROTOCOL?
• These protocols are typically designed to enable communication
between applications running on different devices or systems.
• Each application layer protocol has its own set of rules and
specifications for how data is exchanged between applications.
• Examples of popular application layer protocols include HTTP
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol).

4. FEW TYPES OF APPLICATION LAYER
PROTOCOL.
1.Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
2.File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
3.Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
4.Post Office Protocol (POP)
5.Internet MessageAccess Protocol (IMAP)
6.Domain Name System (DNS)

5. INTRODUCTION TO HTTP
• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol and is one of the most
commonly used application layer protocols for transmitting data over the
World Wide Web.
• HTTP uses a request-response model, where the client (such as a web
browser) initiates a request to the server, which responds with the
requested data.
• HTTP requests and responses consist of headers and a message body.

7. FORMAT OF HEADER AND MESSAGE
BODY

8. FEATURES OF HTTP
1.Request-responsemodel
2.Headers and message body
3.Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs)
4.Methods
5.Status codes
6.Caching
7.Proxies
8.Authenticationand authorization

9. PROS OF HTTP
1. Simple and widely adopted: HTTP is a simple protocol that is widely
adopted and understood, making it easy to develop and use web-based
applications.
2. Statelessness: The stateless nature of HTTP makes it scalable and
efficient for handling large amounts of traffic and requests.
3. Flexibility: HTTP is flexible and supports various types of media and
content, including text, images, audio, and video.
4. Caching: HTTP supports caching, which can improve performance and
reduce bandwidth usage.
5. Proxies: HTTP proxies can be used to improve security and
performance by caching content and filtering requests.

10. CONS OF HTTP
1. Security vulnerabilities: HTTP is not a secure protocol and does not
encrypt data in transit, making it vulnerable to interception and
tampering.
2. Limited functionality: HTTP is a basic protocol and has limited
functionality compared to other application layer protocols.
3. Lack of reliability: HTTP does not have built-in error detection and
correction mechanisms, which can lead to data loss or corruption.
4. Limited scalability: HTTP may not be suitable for high-volume or high-
performance applications, as it can be resource-intensive and lead to
slow response times.
5. Low Overhead: HTTP headers can be large, which can result in
additional overhead and slower transmission times

11. APPLICATION OF HTTP
1. Web browsing: HTTP is the foundation of the World Wide Web and is
used by web browsers to request and receive web pages from servers.
2. Web services: Many web-based services, such as social media
platforms, e-commerce sites, and search engines, use HTTP to
communicate between clients and servers.
3. File transfers: HTTP can be used for downloading and uploading files,
such as documents, images, and videos, from servers.
4. Email: HTTP can be used to access and manage email accounts
through web-based email clients.
5. Live streaming: HTTP can be used for live streaming of audio and video
content over the internet.

12. INTRODUCTION TO COAP
• CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) is a lightweight messaging
protocol designed for use in IoT (Internet of Things) and resource-
constrained networks.
• CoAP is based on the REST (Representational State Transfer)
architecture and uses a request-response model & publish-subscribe
model.

14. FEATURES OF COAP
1. Lightweight
2. Asynchronous communication
3. Client-server model
4. Request-response messages
5. UDP support
6. Proxying
7. Security features
8. Multicast support
9. Low overhead and efficient encoding.

15. PROS OF COAP
1. Lightweight: CoAP is designed to be lightweight and efficient, which
makes it well-suited for use in resource-constrained environments, such
as IoT devices.
2. Scalability: CoAP is scalable and can support a large number of devices
and clients, which is important in the context of the IoT.
3. Low overhead: CoAP uses a compact binary format for its messages,
which reduces the overhead of message transmission and makes it
more efficient than some other protocols.
4. Asynchronous communication: CoAP supports asynchronous
communication, which enables devices to operate in low-power modes
and wake up only when necessary to conserve energy.
5. Security: CoAP supports Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS),
which provides a secure communication channel over UDP.

16. CONS OF COAP
1. Limited compatibility: CoAP is a relatively new protocol and may not be
compatible with all devices or systems, which could limit its adoption and use.
2. Unreliable networks: CoAP relies on UDP (User Datagram Protocol) for
communication, which can be less reliable than TCP (Transmission Control
Protocol) used by protocols like HTTP. This can result in lost or delayed
messages, which could impact the performance of CoAP-based systems.
3. Limited features: Compared to other protocols like HTTP, CoAP has a more
limited set of features, which may not be sufficient for some use cases.
4. Complexity of implementation: While CoAP is designed to be lightweight and
efficient, implementing it on devices can still be challenging and require
significant development effort.
5. Security challenges: While CoAP supports DTLS (Datagram Transport Layer
Security) for security, implementing and managing DTLS can be challenging
and may require specialized knowledge.

17. APPLICATION OF COAP
1. Home automation: CoAP can be used to control and manage smart home
devices, such as lighting systems, thermostats, and security systems.
2. Industrial automation: CoAP can be used to monitor and control industrial
processes and equipment, such as manufacturing lines and machines.
3. Healthcare: CoAP can be used to collect and transmit data from medical
devices, such as heart rate monitors and blood glucose meters.
4. Smart grid: CoAP can be used to monitor and control smart grid devices,
such as meters and sensors, to optimize energy usage and reduce costs.
5. Environmental monitoring: CoAP can be used to collect and transmit data
from sensors and devices used for environmental monitoring, such as air
quality sensors and weather stations.

18. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP AND COAP
HTTP COAP
It uses Transmission control
protocol.
It uses User Datagram Protocol.
It does not support multicasting. It supports multicasting.
It uses Synchronous communication. It uses Asynchronous communication.
It uses only Request-Response model. It uses both PubSub & Request-
Response models.
Mainly designed for internet devices. Mainly designed for IoT/M2M
communication

19. THANK YOU!!