some basic concept of immunology is discussed including primary immune response secondary immune response & basic terminology

1. IMMUNE RESPONSE
PRESENTED BY:- SUMAN SONI PRESENTED TO:- Dr.Praveen Yadav sir
DIPTI KUMARI
SUMIT JAIN
& MANOJ BABAL

2. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY
• Disease:- Any change from normal state that cause
discomfort, the health is called disease.
• Health:- Health is a state of complete physical mental
& social well being.
• Epidemiology:-The study of cause & spread of
disease is called Epidemiology.
• Immunity:- Resistance of body against a disease.
• Antigens:- Proteinous substance which stimulate the
production of antibodies
• Antibody:- It is a complex glycoprotein secreted by B
lymphocytes in response to an antigen.

3. IMMUNE RESPONSE
• IMMUNITY:-Resistance of body
against a pathogen.
(A) INNATE IMMUNITY :- Present by birth.
• Physical barrier , Ex. skin & mucosal
surface
• Physiological barrier :- Fever, ph of
body, secretions.
• Cellular Barrier:- ex phagocytic cells,
neutrophils, macrophages
• Inflammatory barrier:- redness, pain
swelling ,high temp, & pus formation.

4. • ACQUIRED IMMUNITY:-It is the resistance that an
individual acquire during life.
• Founds only in vertebrates.
• Also called specific immunity.
• Diversity
• Discrimination between self &
non self.
• Memory.
• It generate two type of response
• Humoral immune response
( B cell mediated) response
• Cell mediated (T-cell mediated) response

5. LYMPHOID ORGANS
• The organ where origin,
maturation & proliferation of
lymphocytes occur.
• Primary Lymphoid Organs:-
• (a) Bone marrow
• (b) Thymus
• Secondary Lymphoid Organs:
(a)Spleen,
• (b) Lymph nodes,
• (c) Mucosal associated Lymphoid
Tissue (MALT)

6. • Humoral immunity:-It is
immunity from serum
antibodies produced by
plasma cells.
• “Humoral” refers to the
bodily fluids where these
free-floating serum
antibodies bind to antigens
and assist with elimination.
• In humoral immune
response, first the B
cells mature in the bone
marrow and gain B-cell
receptors which are
displayed in large number
on the cell surface.

7. • Cell mediated immunity:-
The immune system is
based on T-cells.
• The term cell-mediated
immunity (CMI) refers to
protective mechanisms
that are not primarily
characterized by antibody.
• CMI is responsible for
detecting and destroying
intracellular pathogens,
e.g., cells infected
with viruses or bacteria.

8. PRIMARY IMMUNE RESPONSE
• Upon initial exposure to an antigen, a
primary response occurs.
• After a latent period, usually lasting
several days, specific antibodies begin
to appear in the blood.

9. SECONDARY IMMUNE RESPONSE
• The next and subsequent times you encounter
this antigen, your body produces a secondary
immune response.
• This will be more powerful, develop more
rapidly, and require less antigens to trigger the
reaction.