Introduction To Project Management

1. What is a project ?
A project is a sequence of unique, complex and
connected activities having one goal or purpose that
must be completed by a specific time, wthin budget
and according to specification
A project is a complex, nonroutine, one-time effort
limited by time, budget, resources, and performance
specifications designed to meet customer needs

2. What is a project ?
Projects are ad hoc, resource-consuming activities
used to implement organizational strategies, achieve
enterprise goals and objectives, and contribute to
the realization of the enterprise‘s mission

3. A project is a temporary endeavor
undertaken to create a unique product,
service or result

4. A project can create
 A product that can be either a component of another
item or an end item in itself
 A capability to perform a service(e.g., a business
function that supports production or distribution)
 A result such as an outcome or a document (e.g., a
research project that develops knowledge that can be
used to determine whether a trend is present or a
new process will benefit society)

5. Main features of a project
• It is a temporary endeavor undertaken.
• To create a unique product, service or result
• Temporary, therefore, has a start and an end
• End is reached when:
 Objectives have been achieved
 When objectives will not or cannot be met
 Need for the project does no longer exist
• What can be the duration of a project ?
• What about the outcome of a project ?

6. Examples of projects
 Effecting a change in the structure, staffing or style
of an organization
 Developing or acquiring a new modified information
system (DAR)
 Constructing a building or infrastructure (Motorway)
 Implementing a new business process or procedure
(Cut down cost / material / HR)
 Give examples of Projects in Pakistan / World?

7. Why do we need projects ?
To meet strategic business goals and objectives:
 Strategic opportunity
 Business needs
 Customer request
 Technological advance
 Legal requirements

8. The project boundaries

9. What is project management?
It is the application of:
 Knowledge
 Skills
 Tools
 Techniques
 To do project activities to meet project
requirements

10. Example

11. Relationship between project, program
and portfolio management

12. What is portfolio management ?
• A portfolio is a collection of projects or programs
and other work that are grouped together to
facilitate effective management of that work to
meet strategic business objectives
• The projects or programs in the portfolio may not
necessarily be interdependent or directly related

13. Examples of portfolio management
An infrastructure firm that has the strategic
objective of maximizing the return on its investments
may have a portfolio of:
 Projects in oil & gas, Projects in power
 Projects in water, Projects in roads
 Projects in rail, Projects in airports

14. What is program management
• Program management is defined as a group of
related projects managed in a coordinated way to
obtain benefits and control not available from
managing them individually
• Programs may include elements of related work
outside the scope of the discrete projects in the
program
• A program will always have projects

15. What is program management
• It focuses on the project interdependencies and
help to determine the optimal approach for
managing them
• Resolve resource constraints & conflicts
• Aligning organizational direction
• Resolve issues and change management within a
shared governance structure

16. Example of a program management
A new communication satellite system:
 Designing of a satellite and ground system
 Construction of a satellite and ground station
 Integration of the system
 Launching of the satellite

17. Project management office (PMO)
• It is an organized body or entity assigned
coordinated management of projects under its domain
• It is the key decision maker during the beginning of
each project
• It is also responsible for the selection, management
and deployment of shared or dedicated project
resources

18. Functions of PMO
• Managing shared resources
• Identifying & developing project management
methodology, best practices and standards
• Coaching, monitoring, training and oversight
• Monitoring compliance project audits
• Developing & managing project policies, procedures,
templates and other standard documentation?
• Coordinating communication across projects

19. Project manager
• Focuses on a specific project objective
• Controls resources to best meet project objectives
• Manages the constraints (scope, schedule, cost,
risk, human resources and quality etc) of individual
project

20. Main functions of a project manager
• Define scope of project
• Identify stakeholders & Leadership (decision
makers: Client, Parent organization, Project Team,
Publics)
• Evaluate project requirements
• Develop detailed task list (work breakdown,
structures)
• Develop initial project management flow chart

21. Main functions of a project manager
• Estimate time requirements
• Identify cost estimation and budget
• Identify required resources and evaluate risks
• Prepare contingency plan
• Identify interdependencies
• Identify and track critical milestones
• Secure needed resources, manpower

22. Main functions of a project manager
• Participate in project phase review
• Manage the change control process
• Report project status

23. Project manager’s sphere of influence
• Project
• The Organization
• The Industry
• Professional Discipline
• Across Disciplines
23

24. Project manager competences
• Technical project management skills
• Strategic and business management skills
• Leadership skills
• Dealing with people
• Qualities and skills of a leader
• Politics, power, and getting things done
24

25. Project manager competences
• Comparison of leadership and management
• Leadership Styles
• Personality
25

26. Project VS Operations
Projects
 Projects require Project Management
 Temporary Undertakings
 Temporary Assignments
 Produce Unique Outputs
 Temporary Resourcing

27. Project VS Operations
Projects
 Execute according to Project Management Plan
developed for project life cycle
 Obtain objectives and then terminate
 Concludes when its specific objectives have been

28. Project VS Operations
Operations
 Operations require Business Process Management
or Operations Management
 Permanent Endeavors
 Ongoing nature of Operations
 Produce Repetitive Outputs
 Permanent Resource Assignments

29. Project VS Operations
Operations
 Execute as per standards (SOPs) institutionalized
in product life cycle
 Sustain the business
 Adopt a new set of adjectives and the work
attained continues

30. Project Vs Operation interaction
Projects can intersect with operations at various
points during the product life cycle:
 At each closeout phase
 When developing a new product, upgrading a
product, or expanding outputs
 Improvement of operations or the product
development process

31. Enterprise environmental factors
 Organizational culture, structure & processes
 Government or industry standards
 Infrastructure: Existing facilities and capital
equipment
 Existing human resource
 Marketplace conditions
 Stakeholder risk tolerance

32. Enterprise environmental factors
 Potential climate
 Political climate
 Established communication channels
 Commercial databases: cost, risk study / info
 Project management information systems (Blog)