1. Impact of postoperative non-steroidal anti-inflammatory
drugs on adverse events after
gastrointestinal surgery
Dmitri Nepogodiev
Department of Colorectal Surgery
2. Paper
STARSurg Collaborative. Impact of postoperative non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs on adverse events
after gastrointestinal surgery. Br J Surg. 2014
Oct;101(11):1413-23.
3. Journal
British Journal of Surgery.
Top-5 general surgery journal.
Impact factor 5.21.
4. Authors
Student Audit and Research in Surgery (STARSurg).
National, student-led research collaborative.
Founded in 2013.
Core aim: To engage medical students in high quality
research, enthusing them and equipping them with
the skills to become research-active consultants in
the future.
5. Steering Committee
• Chetan Khatri
• Michael Kelly
• Stephen Chapman
• James Glasbey
• Dmitri Nepogodiev
• Edward Fitzgerald
• Aneel Bhangu
6. Primary aim
To determine the safety profile of post-operative
NSAIDs following gastro-intestinal resection.
9. NSAIDs and GI surgery
Safety concerns – anastomotic leak.
Klein (BMJ, 2012)
Multi-centre database study.
2,766 patients.
Diclofenac and ibuprofen associated with
increased risk of leak versus controls: 12.8% and
8.2% v 5.1% (P<0.001)
14. Hypothesis
The 30-day adverse event rate, following risk
adjustment, should be equivalent in patients taking
and not taking NSAIDs post-operatively following
gastrointestinal resection.
18. Inclusion criteria
Adults.
Gastrointestinal resection.
Complete transection and removal of a segment of rectum, colon,
small bowel, stomach or oesophagus.
Elective or emergency procedures.
Open or laparoscopic procedures.
20. Clavien-Dindo
I – deviation from standard post-op course within
‘allowed therapeutic regimes’
II – complication requiring pharmacological intervention
III – complication requiring surgical, endoscopic or
radiological intervention
IV – complication requiring ICU admission
V – death
Major Minor
22. Power calculation
Detect increase in 30-day major complications from
15 to 25%.
1:2 ratio experimental to control patients.
300 patients on NSAIDs, 600 controls.
Power = 80%, alpha = 0.05.
23. Statistics
Propensity score matching.
Estimates the effect of an intervention by
accounting for co-variables that predict receipt of
the treatment.
Variables selected a priori:
Age, gender, ASA grade, RCRI, timing of surgery,
indication, type of surgery, use of laparoscopy.
32. Results: NSAIDS
Post-op NSAID administration associated with 28%
reduction in overall complications.
36% reduction in patients receiving high dose
NSAIDs.
Results persistent after propensity score matching.
33. Conclusions
Early NSAID associated with reduction in total
complications following GI resection.
No evidence of increase in anastomotic leaks.
Underlying mechanism for reduction in
complications unclear.
Reduction in opiate consumption.
Anti-inflammatory properties.
34. Limitations
Narrow data-collection window.
High level of data completeness.
Heterogenity.
Pragmatic, real-world population.
Addressed by matching.
35. Limitations
Selection bias.
Propensity score matching (RCRI, ASA).
Other analgesics used not evaluated.
Including pre-operative NSAIDs.
36. Limitations
Analysis of leak rate under-powered.
Difficult to power a 5% event rate.
Quality assurance.
Prospective, but case ascertainment unknown.
37. Study aims:
To establish compliance with NICE guidelines
requiring early identification of obese patients.
To determine the role of obesity as a risk factor
for major post-operative complications in current
UK and Irish practice.
38. Inclusion criteria:
All consecutive adult patients with an overnight stay
in hospital, undergoing gastrointestinal surgery or
hepatobiliary surgery.
Powered to detect increase in adverse event rate in
obese (BMI > 30) patients versus normal weight
patients (NMI 18.5-25) from 8% to 10%.
39. Highlights
Representation across all UK & Irish medical
schools.
More detailed outcome data collection.
More thorough quality assurance.
REDCap.
£12,000 awarded by INSPIRE.
Integrated research skills course & buddy scheme.
40. Scope for RCT?
Population?
Bowel resection versus all major GI surgery
Intervention?
Pre-operative NSAID?
Peri-operative ketorolac?
Post-operative NSAID? (High dose? Early?)
41. Scope for RCT?
Comparison
Protocolised analgesia or pragmatic?
Outcome
Morbidity?
Return to bowel function? LOS?
PROMS?
Editor's Notes
Briefly …
I – antipyretics, duiretics, electrolytes
We developed an online teaching module to familarise collaborators with this measure.