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指導教授:周棟祥 教授
組員
0624103 陳建銘、0624020 許中桓
0624011 陳佑昇
LPWA低功耗廣域網路
以LoRa、NB-IoT為
例
Content
一、認識低功耗廣域網路
(Low-Power Wide-Area Network)
二、低功耗廣域網路協議種類
• LoRa 簡介、特色與應用
• NB-IoT 簡介、特色與應用
三、低功耗廣域網路協議比較
四、總結
/112
• 正在蓬勃發展的連結科技,將推動物聯網設備下一個十年的爆發性成長。
長 距 離
低 功 耗
低 速 率
NB-IoT、LoRa 、eMTC
認識低功耗廣域網路 (LPWAN)
/113
• 由LoRa聯盟 (IBM、Cisco) 所提出
• 整個架構開放
• 單一基地台就可以覆蓋很大單位(>15KM)
• 使用開放頻段
• 需要自建基地台跟後端伺服器
LoRa基地台 LoRa 模組
LoRa 簡介
低功耗廣域網路協議種類
/114
 不需要先建立連線(跟Wifi不同),可以直接進行傳輸
 感應器越靠近基地台, 訊號越強之下, 可以較快的速度傳輸
 降低傳輸數據的頻率或增加基地台,可以提高可以服務的感測器數量
 因他不會偵測是否碰撞,所以會由雲端伺服器來過濾重複封包
LoRa 特色
低功耗廣域網路協議種類
/115
IoT 應用LoRa架構圖
火龍果智慧補光系統三星蔥防風屏障
此圖為蔥田風災過後的樣子,
宜蘭東北季風的風速大到將蔥吹倒
• 風速達一定標準把屏障蓋起來
• 紀錄風速以利分析
火龍果為長期日照作物,秋分後
容易日照不足,需要額外人工補光
• 遠端開關日照系統
• 紀錄操作與環境變化,並使用大
數據分析取代人工控制
(台科 清華 宜大合作科技部計畫)LoRa 應用
低功耗廣域網路協議種類
/116
• 由3GPP (MTK、Qualcomm…) 組織提出
• 使用3G/4G(FDD-LTE)基地台 -需進行軟體更新
• 使用授權、保留頻段
• 有技術門檻,只有特定製造商有能力製造終端晶片
跟基地台
• 需繳納月租費
NB-IoT 簡介
低功耗廣域網路協議種類
NB-IoT基地台 NB-IoT 模組
/117
NB-IoT 特性
低功耗廣域網路協議種類
 僅使用180KHz不影響4G上網跟VoLTE
 不支援基地台定位 (AGPS)
 因考量Sensor都不會移動(或低移動性),沒有換手(Handover)機制
 只支持半雙工 (同LoRa)
IoT 應用NB-IoT架構圖
/118
NB-IoT 應用
低功耗廣域網路協議種類
桃園智慧停車場系統
(遠傳電信與桃市府合作)
停車場內為封閉環境,車輛壅塞造成車流與怠速
空汙,找不到停車位也衍生違停亂象
• 回傳停車狀態,即時準確的停車資訊
• 大幅提升停車位的管理及車位周轉率 「桃園輕鬆GO」APP
/119
LoRa NB-Iot
提出者 LoRa聯盟所提出, 2013/8 3GPP組織提出,
基地台架構 獨立建網(開放架構)、
使用自有網路
使用現有ISP基地台
(需軟體更新)
頻段 使用非授權頻段 授權頻段
穩定性 低(依架構而定) 高
安全性 低 高
距離 1KM-20KM 依電信商而定
耗電量 相對低 相對高
模組價格 較低 較高(可能須授權費)
低功耗廣域網路協議比較
/1110
總結
 低功耗廣域網路可以提供 IoT Sensor 傳輸協定
 在無法直接供電的環境(如森林等),可以使用感應器收集資料
 LoRa在台灣容易受到頻段爭議與干擾
 NB-IoT在台灣較有競爭性
/1111
THANK YOU
工作分配
/11附1
組員 工作內容
0624103
陳建銘
資料收集、統整、協助PTT製作、報告
0624020
許中桓
資料收集、協助PTT製作、製作圖表
0624011
陳佑昇
PPT製作、圖片收尋
資料來源
/11附2
• P1 封面圖片 photo of Amazon Echo DotPhoto by Andres Urena on Unsplash
• P3 LPWAN示意圖 (LPWAN Revenue Forecast, 2017 to 2023: Key Opportunities)
https://rethinkresearch.biz/report/lpwan-market-forecast-2017-2023/
• P3 ICON
• 儀錶板 https://www.iconfinder.com/search/?q=gauge&price=premium
• 天線 http://mypaper.pchome.com.tw/twfbb/P2
• 電池
https://www.iconfinder.com/icons/1925735/battery_battery_indicator_battery_status_charge_energy_medium_battery_icon
• P4-P6,P10 LoRa ICON
http://www.smartmeter.com.tw/ugC_PrdNews.asp?hidPrdNewsID=55
• P4 LoRa基地台
https://www.digitimes.com.tw/tech/dt/n/shwnws.asp?id=0000457688_h267swkt7o03t89zkhcpo
• P4 LoRa 模組
https://www.raspberrypi.com.tw/tag/lora/
• P5 LoRa 架構圖 https://blog.51cto.com/vivek/1899731
• P6 三星蔥災(三星蔥災損超過100公頃,農民請命補助發電機)
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/life/breakingnews/2147701
資料來源
/11附3
• P6 火龍果日照系統(呷水果Fruitarian)
https://www.facebook.com/Fruitarian2015/posts/1289043697908720
• P7-P10 NB-IoT ICON(3GPP)
https://www.gsma.com/newsroom/press-release/gsma-welcomes-3gpp-completion-lpwa-technologies/
• P7 4G基地台 (未經住戶同意裝基地台 法院判拆)
https://news.ltn.com.tw/news/society/breakingnews/1595115
• P7 NB-IoT 模組
http://www.waveshare.net/wiki/SIM7000C_NB-IoT_HAT
• P8 NB-IoT 架構圖
https://blog.51cto.com/vivek/1899731
• P9 桃園地下停車場 (中原國小地下、中北健行停車場 活化再造啟用)
https://features.ltn.com.tw/spring/article/2016/breakingnews/1848559
• P9 桃園輕鬆GO APP 停車場資訊
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=tw.gov.tycg.app.android.etransportation&hl=zh_TW
• P12 封尾圖片 McLAREN APPLIED: TRANSPORT IN ASIA-PACIFIC
https://www.mclaren.com/appliedtechnologies/lab/transport-systems-asia-pacific/
• 國立清華大學 長距離低功耗物聯網路技術與應用 ,MOOC
• 物聯網技術標準 NB-IOT 和 LoRa 到底是什麼?
https://3smarket-info.blogspot.com/2017/05/nb-iot-lora.html
• LPWA技術發展百花齊放 NB-IoT全面搶進物聯網,新通訊元件雜誌,
https://www.2cm.com.tw/2cm/zh-tw/magazine/-
MarketTrend/F70886F14F6745B99258696506E685B4
• 低功耗物聯網刷新架構 NB-IoT 三大模式面面俱到,新通訊元件雜誌
http://www.2cm.com.tw/2cm/zh-tw/magazine/-
Technology/64BA704E800148C781D35F664663A5B4
• 攜手桃園市 遠傳搶進 NB-IoT 智慧停車,聯合新聞網,
https://udn.com/news/story/7240/3058490
• LoRa 長距離低功耗通訊物聯網應用於 宜蘭地區農業環境監控之探討 ,
國 立 宜 蘭 大 學 生 物 機 電 工 程 學 系 ,
http://bmte.niu.edu.tw/people/writing_seminar.php?Sn=532
參考資料
/11附4

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智慧科技-LPWA低功耗廣域網路

Editor's Notes

  1. 為甚麼需要這種這種技術 1.拉網路線跟電線是件非常麻煩的事(而且偏鄉不一定有的拉) 可以提到NCC為縮短數位落差投資2.4億的事 2.那位甚麼不使用WIFI? WIFI就算事2.4G 的距離也常有限,而且這些這些sensor也不需要這麼大頻寬 而且相對耗電 總結:所以才有這種技術來解決問題,以及滿意物聯網的新需求
  2. LoRa聯盟是希望每個廠商可以滿足自己的需求 他是第二層(資料連接層)的架構 4.以台灣而言是使用920-928的頻段(遠通電收在高速公路上922-926的優先權)
  3. NB-IoT(LTE-M)它是3GPP在2015年所確定一種物聯網的傳輸方式,它是基於 2G/3G/4G(使用FDD-LTE)技術改進的,要使它有NB-IoT的技術只要升級現有基 地台即可(所以它的邊際成本很低),4G使用一樣的加密方式,使用的跟4G一樣 都是保留頻段(ex.700、900…),它主要是使用低頻,因為低頻衰減小,而且以物 聯網而言並不需要吞吐大量的數據,所以它符合物聯網的標準 。然而以NCC的 標準是一次使用切5MHz來供4G業者競標(5MHz在沒有MIMO等技術支援下約可 提供37.5Mbps的速度)特許權頻段,不過NB-IoT只需要使用180KHz的小頻段,至 於使用甚麼頻段則是看電信商而定(如遠傳電信、亞太電信使用 700MHz來部屬 ,中華電信、台灣之星使用900MHz來部屬),不過也是它使用4G專屬頻段的緣 故,其他人(單位)使無法使用的,比較不用擔心干擾,不過它的晶片製造技術被 專利保護,雖說目前八家半導體廠商可以提供解決方案但只有(Qualcomm、 MediaTek、HUAWEI(HIsilicon)、Intel)這四間企業在目前能交出具體解決方案( 類似turn-Key),而且也要幫電信商負擔頻段的成本所以長期成本會比較高(相較 LoRa),不過對於中小企業而言不用自建網路,可以減去很多麻煩。 有廠商推出NB-IoT/ eMTC的雙模晶片,eMTC可以使用FDD/TDD雙制式, 且支援語音傳輸等,相對功耗也較高,不過並非本文討論內容,所以大致帶過, 如果有興趣的讀者可以自己深入研究。
  4. 以上缺點EMTC都可以改善,不過相對功耗跟技術門檻更高