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Grouping and identifying organisms and species
- 1. 4 GROUPING AND IDENTIFYING ORGANISMS 4.1 Characteristics of Living Things
- 2. ClickBiology There are 7 characteristics of living organisms: • Movement • Respiration • Sensitivity • Growth • Reproduction • Excretion • Nutrition
- 3. ClickBiology Movement • A change of position or place.
- 4. ClickBiology Respiration • A chemical process in which oxygen is used to release energy from sugar molecules.
- 5. ClickBiology Sensitivity • The ability to detect or sense changes in the environment (stimuli) and to make responses.
- 6. ClickBiology Growth • A permanent increase in size by increasing cell number or cell size or both.
- 7. ClickBiology Reproduction • The process that makes more of the same kind of organism
- 8. ClickBiology Excretion • The removal of toxic materials, waste products and excess substances from an organism
- 9. ClickBiology Nutrition The process in which nutrients are taken into the body and converted into simpler substances used for energy, growth and tissue repair.
- 10. ClickBiology Quiz Guess which characteristic is being demonstrated by the following animations:
- 15. ClickBiology Question 5: Which two characteristics are shown by this animation: Sensitivity and Movement
- 16. ClickBiology Question 6: Other than movement, which characteristics are shown by this animation: Sensitivity and Nutrition
- 17. ClickBiology Question 7: So far you should have named a total of five different characteristics. However there are 7 characteristics in total. Name the two remaining characteristics. Growth and Respiration
- 19. ClickBiology Can only reproduce inside living host cells using its raw materials and enzymes. 19 Prepared by, Mrs. Joyce Heah
- 20. ClickBiology 1. Absorption : Phage attaches to cell membrane of host. 2. Injection : Nucleic acid (DNA) of virus injected into host cell. 3. Replication :Viral DNA inactivates host cell’s DNA and uses host cell’s raw material to make viral DNA. 4. Assembly : New viral parts are combined to make new phage. 5. Lysis : Enzymes weaken and destroy the cell membrane causing it to lyse releasing new viruses to infect other cells. 20 Prepared by, Mrs. Joyce Heah
- 21. ClickBiology 4.3 WHAT IS A SPECIES? 21
- 22. ClickBiology Species • Scientist group living organisms into different kinds. • Each kind of organism is called a species. • Species are the same kind that can interbreed and produce new offsprings. 22
- 24. ClickBiology 24 Similarities : 1. Both animals having similar food habits (herbivorous) 2. migratory herds 3. social females 4. solitary males 5. irresistible caring of the calves
- 25. ClickBiology
- 26. ClickBiology 26
- 28. ClickBiology How is life organized? •Life is organized at all levels from cells to biosphere •All Organisms and systems are organized from simple parts into complex systems that must maintain homeostasis in order to survive.
- 29. ClickBiology But what if we find things we don't know and we want to know what they are? •We use something’s characteristics in a similar way using… What’s my name !?
- 30. ClickBiology Dichotomous Keys A dichotomous key is a tool that allows the user to determine the identity of items in the natural world based on the items characteristics. "Dichotomous" means divided into two parts. Dichotomous keys always give two distinct choices in each step, often they are opposites. Black/white; good/evil; pointed/rounded
- 31. ClickBiology Here are creatures we don’t know! Lets choose one How to use a Dichotomous Key?
- 32. ClickBiology How to use a Dichotomous Key? Choose only one creature at a time.
- 33. ClickBiology How to use a Dichotomous Key? • Read steps 1a and 1b 1a. The creature has two eyes. Go to step 2. 1b. The creature has one eye. Go to step 5. • Decide which statement is true. • Statement 1b is true. • Go to Step 5, skipping steps 2-4.
- 34. ClickBiology How to use a Dichotomous Key? • At 5, you make another dichotomous choice. • Read steps 5a and 5b 5a. The creature has 1 or more antennae. Go to step 6. 5b. The creature has no antennae. Its name is A. • Decide which statement is true. • Statement 5a is true. • Go to Step 6.
- 35. ClickBiology Keep going until you come to a step that gives you the creature’s name. • Read steps 6a and 6b 6a. The creature has 1 antennae. Go to step 7. 6b. The creature has 2 antennae. Its name is C. • Decide which statement is true. • Statement 6b is true. How to use a Dichotomous Key?
- 36. ClickBiology • Choose a new creature and start at Step 1a and 1b again. • Continue until you find the creature’s name. • Then find all the creature’s names. How to use a Dichotomous Key? C
- 37. ClickBiology What if I need to Make a Dichotomous Key: • Use constant characteristics rather than variable ones. (Flowers change with the seasons) • Use measurements rather than terms like "large" and "small". • Make the choice a positive one • Something "is" instead of "is not". • Ex: snake ears are internal only • If possible, start both choices of a pair with the same word or item. • The body is “round” vs the body is “square” • Finish the dichotomous key with a full description of the organism.
- 39. ClickBiology