The document is a presentation on instability in Afghanistan given on September 16, 2021 at the Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology Faculty Induction Programme. It discusses the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan in the 1980s, Afghanistan under Soviet control, the disintegration of the USSR in 1991, the rise of the Taliban in the 1990s, the 9/11 attacks, the killing of Osama bin Laden, and the withdrawal of US troops from Afghanistan in August 2021 which ended America's longest war.