Mammography

1. P R E S E N T E D B Y
S A N T H I Y A C

3. History of mammography
Mid 1950s-Jacobgershon Cohen uses mammography
to screen healthy women for breast cancer.
He published his results in a paper in 1959 and in the
book in 1964.
1960s-mammography become a widely used
diagnostic tool.

4. Jacob gershon Cohen

5. What is Mammography?
Mammography is the
process of using low
energy X-ray to examine
the human breast for
diagnosis and screening.
The goal of
mammography is the
early detection of breast
cancer.

6. Advances in mammography
 Three recent advances in mammography includes,
1.Digital mammography
2.Computer-aided detection
3.Breast tomosynthesis

7. Digital mammography
It is also called full field digital
mammography(FFDM).
Mammography system in which the x-ray flim is
replaced by solid state detectors that converts the x-
ray into electrical signals.

8. DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY

9. ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL
MAMMOGRAPHY:
Digital imaging is faster.
Electronic records can be shared easily.
Digital mammogram results are available
immediately

10. Disadvantages of digital mammography
The main disadvantages of digital mammography
include the cost of the equipment is high and
reduced the spatial resolution compared with flim.

11. Computer-aided detection(cad)
CAD techniques
developed recently for
breast cancer.
Detection of abnormal
density, mass or
calcification that may
indicate the presence of
cancer.

12. Breast tomosynthesis
Breast tomosynthesis is also known as 3D
mammography because it uses a series of two-
dimensional image to built a three -dimensional
image of your breast.

14. Computer-aided detection(cad)
 CAD techniques developed recently for breast
cancer .
 CAD scans digital mammograms and marks
suspicious areas of potential cancers features
including masses and malcalcification.

17. WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF
MAMMOGRAPHY ?
MAMMOGRAPHY ARE USE AS:
1- As a Screening Mammography to detect early
breast cancer in women experiencing no symptoms.
2-As Diagnostic Mammography breast disease in
women experiencing symptoms such as lump, pain,
skin dimpling or nipple discharge

19. How are screening and diagnostic
mammograms different?
The same machinces are used for both
mammograms.
However, Diagnostic Mammography takes
longer to perform then screening
mammography and the total dose of
radiation is higher because of more x-ray
images are needed to obtain views of the
breast from several angles.

20. The technologist may magnify a suspicious area to
produce a detailed picture that can help the doctor
make an accurate diagnosis.

22. How should patients prepare for
mammography?
Schedule your mammogram when your breasts are
not tender or swollen to help reduce discomfort and
get good pictures.
Do not wear deodorant, talcum powder or lotion
under your arms or on your breast on the day of the
exam.These can appear on the mammogram as
calcium spots
Describe any breast symptoms or problem to the
technologist performing the exam.

23. How does the procedure work?
During a mammogram a patients breast is placed on
a flat on a support plate and compressed with a
parallel plate called a paddle.
An x-ray machine produced a small burst of x-rays
,that pass through the breast to a detector located on
the opposite side.

24. The detector can be either a photographic film plate
which capture the x-ray image on film or a solid state
detector which transmits electronic signals to a
computer to form a digital image.
The image produced are called mammograms.

25. What will the results look like?

26. A mammogram showing a small cancerous lesion.
A radiologist will carefully examine a mammogram
to search for high density regions or areas of unusual
configuration that look different from normal tissue
like cancerous tumors, non-cancerous masses called
benign tumors , complex cysts.
Radiologists look at the size,shape and contrast of an
abnormal regions all of which can indicate the
possibility of malignancy (ie.cancer).

31. LIMITATIONS OF MAMMOGRAMS
Mammograms are the best breast cancer screening
tests we have at this time . But mammograms have
their limits . For example ,they aren’t 100% accurate
in showing if a women has breast cancer.
They can miss some cancers and sometimes they find
things that turn out not to be cancer.

32. How often should I get mammography?
You should do a breast self exam every month if you
are over the age of 20 and it’s a good idea to have a
complete breast exam every 3 years as well . If you
are over 40 years old then you should get a
mammogram every year.