Study on Air-Water & Water-Water Heat Exchange in a Finned Tube Exchanger
Week 1 SD course lecture 1-Introduction.pptx
1. z
Sustainable Development
ENGT5115D
Based on Materials of
Prof. Subhes Bhattacharyya
subhesb@dmu.ac.uk
Program leader
Dr. Hassan Ali
Hassan.ali@dmu.ac.uk
Dr. Venkata Reddy Poluru
venkata.poluru@dmu.ac.uk
Week 1
2. z
In this presentation
Module introduction
Introduction to Sustainable Development
Evolution of the concept
4. z
Module purpose
To provide
an understanding of sustainability concepts,
indicators and
multi-dimensional perspectives on sustainability;
to help develop a critical appreciation of the debate;
to help improve critical analytical skills;
to familiarise with
the policy issues and
strategies related to sustainable development.
5. z
Module delivery
Lecture-based
To guide you through the core material
One weekly contact for 11 weeks
In-class discussions on specific issues
Based on specified reading or topic;
Group activities in class
Assessment
Two essays –
Assignment 1 - (1000 words short essay) 30%
Assignment 2 - (2500 words essay) 70%
Overall pass mark is 50% for the module
6. z
Module plan
Week 1 Introduction, SD concept and evolution of
the concept
Week 2 Ecological dimension of sustainability
Week 3 Bio-diversity and eco-system stability
Week 4 Economic dimension of sustainability
Week 5 The Hartwick rule
Week 6 Social dimension of sustainability
Week 7 Sustainability indicators
Week 8 Sustainability indicators
Week 9 Energy and Sustainable Development
Week 10 Sustainable Development and Climate Change
Week 11 UAE and UK policies and strategies towards
Sustainable Development
Week 12 Revision
7. z
Other important info
Reading materials
Class attendance
Class participation
Library access
Blackboard site (https://vle.dmu.ac.uk)
Planning, research and preparation for
assignments
Plagiarism
Contact: hassan.ali@dmu.ac.uk, Room S2-01
9. z
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Sustainable development consists of the process
(and priorities) of moving toward this ideal end-
state. Whether you employ the goal or process in
your discussion, there is often disagreement on
the best way to make progress.
The concept of sustainable development was first
articulated by the World Conservation Strategy of
the International Union for Conservation of Nature
and Natural Resources (IUCN 1980).
10. z
THE DILLEMA
(a) much of the world is stuck in poverty, and
development is needed to meet basic human
needs, although this development needs to differ
from previous strategies;
(b) wealthy nations have to find development
strategies that are decoupled from growing
natural resource depletion and environmental
degradation
11. z
Malthusian theory of population
Malthus specifically stated that the human
population increases geometrically, while food
production increases arithmetically. Under this
paradigm, humans would eventually be unable to
produce enough food to sustain themselves. This
theory was criticized by economists and ultimately
disproved.
Criticism ?
12. z
Cornucopianism
Believes that there are few intractable natural
limits to growth and believes the world can
provide a practically limitless abundance of
natural resources.
13. z
Is GDP going to help sustainability.
Per GDP of US in 1960 ($6000) and enhancement
in Air Quality.
Case study of China and India
Humans have the power and technology to be the
dominant force on a landscape and therefore
cannot ignore the long-term consequences from
trying to gain short-term economic benefits.
14. z
Coase Theorem
In ideal economic conditions, where there is a
conflict of property rights, the involved parties
can bargain or negotiate terms that will
accurately reflect the full costs and underlying
values of the property rights at issue, resulting in
the most efficient outcome.
18. z
How population dynamics link to
sustainable development
To feed 9 billion people we will need to increase
agricultural output by 70%.
By 2050, the population of the least developed
countries will double.
19. z
Climate Justice
World’s poorest countries have contributed least to
global greenhouse gas emissions, they are
disproportionately affected by climate change, which is
reinforcing exposure to natural hazards, including shifts
in precipitation and increases in desertification that have
a direct impact on agriculture.
Pressures on agricultural land, forest and water
resources are not only attributable to climate change;
they also result from patterns of consumption and
production in the poorest countries themselves.
Many of these countries rely heavily on the exploitation
of their natural resources to spur economic growth –
notably extractive industries and large-scale agriculture
and timber production
20. z
Climate Justice
Between 2000 and 2008, the average rate of real
economic growth in the least developed countries
was almost as high as in other developing
countries (6.5% compared with 6.6%,
respectively); but when adjusted for population
growth and environmental degradation and
depletion, this amounted to almost half of what it
was in other developing countries (2.5%
compared with 4.7%, respectively).
21. z
ETHICAL BUSINESSES
Business and other forms of economic
development are about meeting both consumer
demand and the company’s financial objectives .
But business’s degradation of the environment,
natural resources, or social capacity while serving
demand does not improve well-being. Instead,
well-being is improved by coupling market
demand with the development of business
methods to minimize energy, material use,
noxious emissions, and social impact per unit of
economic activity.
22. z
EXTREME POVERTY AND
SUSTAINABILITY
Absolute poverty and extreme inequality are both
moral and practical tragedies.
Human well-being is essential because poverty
is both a cause and an effect of environmental
degradation.
But a society locked in social tension seldom has
the economic resources or political will to make
the environment a priority.
A piecemeal approach is tempting here, one
must resist abandoning the vision of an
interdisciplinary perspective to problem solution.
23. z
Population situation
Population growth concern in literature
Thomas Malthus in 1798
(An essay on the principle of population)
Paul Ehrlich in 1968 (The Population Bomb)
Club of Rome – Limits to Growth, 1972
Present population situation
7.979 billion as of today (6th Oct 2022)
4.4 billion in Asia; 1.2 billion in Africa
By 2050, Nigeria to become the 3rd largest country in
the world after India and China
But the population growth is stabilising
24. z
Growing share of the developing
world population
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Billion
Industrialised Developing
25. z
Why is this a concern?
Read the Commentary by Resources for
the Future
Identify the pressures exerted by population
How does it vary between developed and
developing economies?
26. z
Concerns
Food and other resource demand
Shelter for growing population
Demand on health care, education, and other
services
Economic pressure on jobs, poverty, hunger
Social pressure on security, immigration,
cohesion
Environmental effects
28. z
Economic growth as a solution?
Global economic wealth
World GDP grown ~7
times between 1960
and 2015
Per capita GDP 2.75
times in the same
period
Widening rich-poor gap
Growing ecological
footprint
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1960 1980 2000 2020
Per
capita
($
constant
2010)
$
2010
constant
values
Trillions
Total Per cap
30. z Economic - natural system interactions
Products
Living natural resources
Renewable energy
Non-living natural
resources
Economic
system
Natural
system
Land/ habitat
Thermal energy
Air/water pollution, solid wastes
Clear/ denuded land
Silt
Minerals/ nutrients
Cycles and interventions
31. z
SD definition
Most commonly cited definition:
"Sustainable development is development
that meets the needs of the present without
compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their own needs.“
(Brundtland Report, 1987)
It emphasizes
Well-being of present and future generations
maintaining a healthy environment
32. Sustainability dimensions
Sustainable
development occurs
only when actions are
simultaneously
ecologically viable,
economically feasible
and socially desirable
Socially
desirable
Ecologically
viable
Economically
feasible
Is a fourth pillar required?
33. To promote sustainable development pathways,
developing countries and their partners will need
to ensure:
i) universal access to sexual and reproductive
health care and family planning; ii) investment in
education with a particular focus on gender
parity;
iii) the empowerment of women; and
iv) the systematic integration of population
projections in development strategies and
policies.
34. z SD Timeline
• World Conservation Strategy used the term
1980
• Brundtland report provided definition
1987
• UN General Assembly calls Environment and Development
Conference
1989
• Rio Conference: Rio Declaration, Agenda 21 and UNCSD
1992
• Special review (Rio +5)
1997
• Rio + 10 - Johannesburg summit
2002
• Rio+20 summit in Rio
2012
• SD Goals declarred
2015
35. z
SD Goals
Adopted on 25th September 2015 by UN General Assembly
17 goals with 169 targets
Action oriented, global in nature
Goal 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
Goal 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
Goal 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
Goal 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all
Goal 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls
Goal 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all
Goal 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all
Goal 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all
Goal 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation
Goal 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries
Goal 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable
Goal 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns
Goal 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts*
Goal 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
Goal 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat
desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
Goal 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective,
accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
Goal 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development
37. z
Global population growth: box by box
http://www.ted.com/talks/hans_rosling_on_global_
population_growth.html
http://www.gapminder.org/videos/population-
growth-explained-with-ikea-boxes/
