History and theary of greek architecture

1. Athens and Sparta

2.  Athens and Sparta were both ‘polis.’
 These were city-states, each independent with their
own sub-culture and form of governance.
 What kinds of governments were there?

3. Some important places -
Athens
Sparta
Corinth
Thebes
Olympia
Troy
Ephesus

4. Democracy begins in Greece
Many Different forms of Government in
Ancient Greece:
-Monarchy : Rule by the Kings
-Aristocracy: Government controlled
by wealthy families/upper class.

5. Oligarchy
• Rule by a small group of people. Usually elites
bound together by interests and wealth.
Tyranny
• Rule by a individual with absolute power who took
power by force, sometimes with popular support

6. Democracy
 The word democracy came from the Greek word
“Demos” : common people
“Kratos” : rule
*Rule of the people
 Democracy is a form of government which
people could have their own say.

7. Athens
It’s here:

8. Athens
 Athens was originally a kingdom which morphed into
more of an aristocracy that became unstable, partially
due to laws being oral and arbitrary
 Athens exercise direct democracy and in about 510 B.C the
Athens invented democracy.
 Governed by all citizens older than 18 :
*Assembly (meeting places to discuss)
 Over 2400 years ago, the famous Greek General, Pericles,
said, “It is true that we (Athenians) are called a democracy,
for the administration is in the hands of the many and not
the few, with equal justice to all alike in their private
disputes.”
 Only in Athens, and only for a short time, “rule by many”
mean that the law that imposed all citizens had to be willing
to take an active part in government.

9.  Each year, 500 names were drawn from all the citizens
of Athens. Those 500 citizens had to serve for one year
as the law makers of ancient Athens.
 Council of 500 was charged with administering
decisions made by the Assembly.
 The Assembly open to all citizens (all citizens were
eligible to attend such meetings and speak up).
-They passed laws and made policy decisions. The
Assembly was conducted on the Hill of the Pnyx at the
foot of the Acropolis.
 Only citizens can take part and vote in election in
Athens.
 Only free men were allowed to be citizens. All men over
the age of 18 were born in Athens were citizens.
 Women, children and slaves were not citizens so they
could not vote only the men could.

10.  Spartan government is an oligarchy. Oligarchy is a type of
government which means the ruling power was in the
hands of small group of people.
 Sparta was ruled by 2 kings. Those kings would lead people
in the wars they had. One king lead army and the other
ruled at home.
 Sparta also had an assembly, but the important desicions
were made by a group called the Council Of Elders.
 The Council of Elders consisted of two kings and 28 other
men. The two kings inherited their positions and they both
shared equal powers.

11.  The other 28 men were elected by the Assembly. In order to
be elected to the Council of Elders, men had to be at least
60 years old and from a noble family.
- The Council (apella) prepared laws for the Assembly to
vote on, and it had the power to stop any laws passed by the
Assembly that the council members did not agree.
 The Assembly had very little power, it could not debate on
issues, it could only vote yes or no on laws suggested by the
Council of Elders.

12. Sparta
It was here:

14. Here’s a map of the Spartan region:
(Sorry, it’s in French)

15.  The only way to become a citizen of Sparta was to be invaders
who settled the city.
 -An ephor was citizens who were over the age of 30 and
could put charges against anyone in Sparta including the city
state kings.
 Their life centered around military (obedience and war)
 Slavery made this possible by freeing the young men from
household and industrial duties and allowing them to focus on
their military duties.
 Women in Sparta has more personal rights but not participate
in the political life of Sparta.

16. Typical Spartan
warrior

17. THE END :)