The document provides advice on various aspects of academic writing such as researching, reading critically, using sources, planning and organizing essays, and revising. It discusses topics like researching online, taking notes, avoiding plagiarism, using quotations and paraphrasing sources, understanding essay topics, writer's block, thesis statements, introductions and conclusions. It also provides guidance on writing annotations, abstracts, comparative essays, and revising for issues like faulty parallelism. Specific verbs for referring to sources and formatting bibliographies are also covered.

1. ADVICE ON ACADEMIC
WRITING
COLLEGE: ISFD Nº 41
SUBJECT: PDCE IV
TEACHER: Saubidet Stella
STUDENT: Campanaro Claudia
DATE: May 13th, 2022

2. Reading and Researching
 Research Using the Internet
 Critical Reading
Using Sources
 How not to Plagiarize
 Using Quotations
 Verbs for refering to sources
Planning and Organizing
 Some General Advice on Academic Essay
 The Transition from High School to University
 Understanding Essay Topics: A Checklist
 Writer’s Block
 Using Thesis Statements
 Using Topic Sentences
 Introductions and Conclusions
 Paragraphs
Specific Types of Writing Revising
 Writing an Annotated Bibliography Editing and Revising
 The Abstract Faulty Parallelism
 The Comparative Essay Further
Resources Biblio
graphy

3. Research Using the Internet
• Do not rely exclusively on net sources.
• Keep a detailed record of sites you visit and the
cites you use.
• Authority: Who is the author? Has he/she
written elsewhere on this topic?
• Content Reliability/Accuracy: Is the information
factual, not opinion?

4. Critical
Reading
Toward
Critical
Writing
• To read critically is to make jugdgments about
how a text is argued.
• Do not read looking only for information.
• Do read looking for ways of thinking about
the subject matter.

5. How Not to Plagiarize
Always write down the author, title and publication
information.
Do not paste passages of online sources into your
draft.
Using Quotations
Paraphrase: in your own words. Provide a reference
Summarise the passage to sketch the most essential points.It is
shorter than a paraphrase.

6. Verbs for Referring to Sources
• Reporting verb+ that+ subject+ verb:
• Examples:
• Da Souza argued that.....
• Researches have demonstrated that...
• Positives finds that...
• Reporting verb+ somebody/something + for + noun/gerund:
• Smith criticized Jones for his use of incomplete data
• Banting thanked Best for his contribution to the discovery of insulin

7. Verbs for Referring to Sources
• Reporting verb + somebody/something + as + noun/gerund/ adjective
• Jones describes the findings as resting on irrefutable evidence.
• Smith and Jones both present their data as conclusive.

8. Some General Advice on Accademic
Essay-Writing
• An essay should have a single thesis or a short setof closely related points.
• It should be designed to present your argument clearly and persuasively.
• Check it to be sure that a reader will be able to follow the sequences of ideas
within sentences.

9. The Transition from High School to
University
• High School Rules University Expectations
• Essay Structure Consists of 3 main point There is no predetermined numbers of
point
• Have a 5 paragraph structure As many paragraphs as needed.
• Thesis Statement: one sentence in lenght 2 or 3 sentences long (or even +)
• Conclusion Summary of main points Do not just summarise it
• Argument Based on personal opinion Supported by evidence from your sources

10. Understanding Essay Topics: A Checklist
• Analise behind the surface
structure of your source
material.
• Evaluate ideas and
evidence
• Argue: consider other
viewpoints and defend
your own comparison

11. Writer's Block
• Reread key passages from your source materials
• Make notes on key ideas or potential evidence
• What are the essential points to make about the topic?
• Be sure you have a specific topic.
• Try a mind-mapping exercise. Write down related ideas from class materials
and reseach.

12. Using Thesis
Statements
• Some theses can be stated in
the opening sentences of an
essay
• Others need a paragraph or
two for introduction
• Others cannot be fully
formulated until the end.
Using Topic
Sentences
• Provide a sketch of the essay's
argument.
• Usually appears at the very
beginning of paragraphs
• Relate your topic sentence to your
thesis statement to help strengthen
coherence.

13. Introductions and Conclusions
• Introductions:
• Raise your topic in your very first sentence.
• Avoid sweeping generalizations.
• Quote an expert
• Give some background information.
• Conclusions:
• It should not be a summary of your points.
• Remind the reader of how the evidence you have presented has contributed to your
thesis.
• Involves critical thinking.

14. Paragraphs
• A paragraph is a series of related sentences
developing a central idea, called the topic.
• In academic writing the topic sentence works
best at the begining of a paragraph so that the
reader know waht to expect.
• Support your ideas by means of examples,
details or quotations.
• Draw distinctions between the term and other
related ones.

15. Paragraphs
• Show connections. Deliberate repetitions of key words helps.
• Specialized linking words:
• To reinforce ideas: also, for example, in other words, moreover, in addition.
• To change ideas: but, instead, although, on the other hand, yet, however, in contrast, in
spite of sth.
• To conclude: i n conclusion, therefore, finally, ultimately.

16. Writing an Annotated Bibliography
• It gives an account of the research that has been done on a given topic.
• It is an alphabetical list of research sources.
• It may be one stage in a larger research project or it may be and
independent project standing on its own.

17. The Abstract
• It is a first impression of the document that follows.
• It answers these questions in about 100-250 words:
• Why did you do this study or project?
• What did you do and how?
• What did you find?
• What do your findings mean?
• Do not repeat or rephrase the title.
• Summarise your conclusions as well as your purpose.

18. The
Comparative
Essay
It asks that you compare at least two items:
Positions on an issue
Theories
Figures
Texts
Events

19. Revising and Editing
• Check whether you have fulfilled the intention of the assignment.
• Look at overall organization.
• Have you drawn conclusions between sections?
• Polish and edit your style ( word choice, sentence structure,grammar,
punctuation and spelling).
• Include a cover page.
• Number your pages.

20. Faulty Parallelism
• Clauses or phrases joined by the conjuctions should have similar grammatical
structures
• It can be repaired by paying close attention to where you place your verbs.
• Problems with parallelism arise from the careless use of clauses beginning
with the subordinating conjuction that
• Example: he warned me to revise my essay and that I should pay attention..
• He warned me to revise my essay and to pay attention ...

21. Further Resources
Teaching Reading Comprehension | Writing
Readings for Writing Instructors
Books on the Process of Reading & Writing
Books and Software for Learning English as a Second
Language | Writing
Books on Study Skills | Writing

22. •
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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