2. Group
It is defined as two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who
came together to achieve a particular goal
They working as a family to achieve an objective
Eg : strike
3. Group dynamics
It fully deals with attitudinal and behavioral characteristics of the group
It is a main term used in organizational structure
Group dynamics also concern with formation of group why and how.
4. Types
Formal groups
This type of group is created by organization or any management
The behavior of such a group is only achieving organizational goals
This type of group doesn’t deal with their personal life etc.
1) Command group – it is a group consisting of individuals who report
directly to manager
2) Interest group- it is a group formed by individuals working together to
achieve a specific objective. This group is created by their own interest
5. 3) Task group –
Group of individual work together to complete a particular task
There is no boundary limit of command flow.
4) Committee –
A group of people officially delegated to perform a function such as an
investigating , considering ,reporting or acting on a matter
It consisting of their own member like advisory authority, security and
others.
6. Characteristics
To meet a required goal.
Defining structure procedural rules and membership.
Defined roles and allocating work assignment.
We defined norms.
Specified goals and deadlines.
7. Informal Groups
Goal structure is informally defined.
An informal group is neither formally structured nor organizationally
determined. Informal groups are natural formations in the work environment
that appear in response to the need for social contact.
Friendship and proximity
This likelihood increases when people have similar attitudes, personalities and
economic status.
Interactions among individuals, though informal, deeply affect their behavior
and performance.
1) Friendship group
group created by friends
Maybe because of work situation , age and same political view
8. 2) Reference group
Temporary group produced by people to make decision or forming
opinions
Reference group may be exist in inside or outside the organization
Family is the most important reference group
3) Membership group
Any person belongs to any group(Formal or informal)
Every member of a group has authority and responsibility to do their work
effectively
Members would enjoy the benefits arising from the group member
friendship
9. 4) Cliques
Relatively permanent informal group that involves friendship
This friendship between office member
10. Group development
1) Classic theory
classic theory developed by George Homans , suggest that groups developed based on
activities, interacting , and sentiments
The major element in this theory is the integration of individual involvement.
2) Social exchange theory
Individual form relationship based on the implicit expectation of mutually beneficial
exchanges based on trust and felt obligation
3) Social identity theory
Individuals get a sense of identity and self esteem based upon their membership in silent
groups
The nature of a group may be demographically based , culturally based or
organizationally based
Here individuals are motivated because of improvement and worth membership
11. Group Formation
Given by tuckman’s theory : group formation was developed by Bruce tuckman’s
in the year 1960’s .
Groups generally pass through a predictable sequence in their evolution.
Stages
The five distinct stages groups go through: forming, storming, norming, performing,
and adjourning.
1. Forming - Confusion and uncertainty ,learn rules, trust and openness
develop.
Characterized by a great deal of uncertainty about the group’s purpose,
structure, and leadership.
12. 2. Storming –
One of intragroup conflict.
Disagreement and conflict
Members accept the existence of the group but resist the constraints it
imposes on individuality. There is conflict over who will control the
group. When this stage is complete, there will be a relatively clear
hierarchy of leadership within the group.
3. Norming - close relationships develop and the Group demonstrates cohesiveness
Recognition of individual difference and shared
expectations ,responsibilities are divided and progress
13. 4. Performing –
Conflict is resolved through group discussion. Trust are created structure
is now fully functional and accepted.
Structure at this point is fully functional and accepted. Group energy has moved
from getting to know and understand each other to performing the task at hand.
5. Adjourning-
Characterized by disbandment of the group, member experience feeling of closure
and sadness as they prepare to leave.
Preparing for disbanding
Wrapping up of activities
Low task performance
