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This document summarizes and analyzes a paper on the relationship between GMOs and globalization. It provides: [1] A chronological context of key events in GMO development and regulation. [2] Potential factors driving change and tensions between regulation principles and interests of different groups. [3] Questions about where authority over GMOs should lie, whether countries can close their gates to GMOs once open, how COVID may have changed views of biotechnology, and whether the premise of controlling one element in a complex system through GMOs is misguided.
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Objectives:
1. Journey around the world and explore the use of GMOs and their application for feeding the world.….
2. Defend your belief on the following: Are GMOs a good thing for society or are we heading into dangerous territory in their use?
Directions: Please respond with a different color of ink and include your original questions.
1. You will be asked to review the background information I have provided and visit the various articles and videos for each question.
2. You will then respond to the questions following the attached websites.
3. Finally, you will be asked to find alternate evidence and defend YOUR views on the issue.
4. Total point value: 70 points
What are the ethical concerns regarding GMOs in the food industry?
Remember, the first step in ethical problem solving and policy decision making involves ascertaining the facts. Facts by themselves, however, only tell us what is; they do not tell us what ought to be. Resolving an ethical issue also requires an appeal to values. Before tackling the GMO debate, let’s review the five different approaches philosophers have developed to deal with moral issues. (use these in defending your views for GMOs on the final question)
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2. Rights Approach: What moral rights do the affected parties have, and which course of action best respects those rights?
3. Fairness or Justice Approach: Which course of action treats everyone the same, except where there is a morally justifiable reason not to, and does not show favoritism or discrimination?
4. Common Good Approach: Which course of action advances the common good?
5. Virtue Approach: Which course of action develops moral virtues?
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Article #1: http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/the-gmo-controversy/
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15 points; each question is worth 1 point, unless otherwise noted – all T/F .5 point-
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2. GMO advocates point out that pretty much all food that is consumed by humans has already been extensively modified by human activity. (True or False?)
3. What was corn cultivated from? (.5 point)
4. Cultivation uses a combination of what two bas ...
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"The controversy surrounding genetically modified organisms has real importance for society, there are complex scientific and logical issues to sort through, and the topic is rife with misinformation and motivated reasoning……" -Dr. Novella, academic neurologist; Yale University School of Medicine
Objectives:
1. Journey around the world and explore the use of GMOs and their application for feeding the world.….
2. Defend your belief on the following: Are GMOs a good thing for society or are we heading into dangerous territory in their use?
Directions: Please respond with a different color of ink and include your original questions.
1. You will be asked to review the background information I have provided and visit the various articles and videos for each question.
2. You will then respond to the questions following the attached websites.
3. Finally, you will be asked to find alternate evidence and defend YOUR views on the issue.
4. Total point value: 70 points
What are the ethical concerns regarding GMOs in the food industry?
Remember, the first step in ethical problem solving and policy decision making involves ascertaining the facts. Facts by themselves, however, only tell us what is; they do not tell us what ought to be. Resolving an ethical issue also requires an appeal to values. Before tackling the GMO debate, let’s review the five different approaches philosophers have developed to deal with moral issues. (use these in defending your views for GMOs on the final question)
1. Utilitarian Approach: What benefits and what harms will each course of action produce, and which alternative will lead to the best overall consequences?
2. Rights Approach: What moral rights do the affected parties have, and which course of action best respects those rights?
3. Fairness or Justice Approach: Which course of action treats everyone the same, except where there is a morally justifiable reason not to, and does not show favoritism or discrimination?
4. Common Good Approach: Which course of action advances the common good?
5. Virtue Approach: Which course of action develops moral virtues?
(1) The GMO Controversy:
Article #1: http://theness.com/neurologicablog/index.php/the-gmo-controversy/
"GMO critics despise corporate control and greed, and fear the unnatural, while GMO advocates see this technology as an example of the triumph of human ingenuity and science"
“God (Nature in my view) makes all things good; man meddles with them and they become evil…" "― Jean-Jacques Rousseau; philosopher, 1770
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1. Beliefs concerning GMOs tend to be dominated by two opposing narratives: What are they?
2. GMO advocates point out that pretty much all food that is consumed by humans has already been extensively modified by human activity. (True or False?)
3. What was corn cultivated from? (.5 point)
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Running head Rough Draft 1Draft 9Rough Draft.docx
Running head: Rough Draft
1
Draft 9
Rough Draft
Author Note:
This paper is being submitted on December 9, 2018, Human Uses of the Environment course.
Rough Draft
Growing up, I can say my childhood was awesome. I had a wonderful family and great friends. My grandparents owned a farm, so there were always fun things to do, we also had plenty of free time to play. About a mile from my family’s farm was woods that resemble a forest, it was large and had tall trees. The woods, however, had clear paths, so people went there for jogging and relaxation. For my siblings, friends and myself, this was where we often went to ride our bicycles and raced each other. This was a place that I formed a good memory with nature because of its beauty. Apart from the trees, there were other living creatures like birds, squirrels and butterflies and this often made the place a sanctuary for our games due to the different sounds the birds made.
As I grew up, the area where I once lived and loved became populated and were bought by land developers eventually, all the trees were cut down. Where there used to be a place where my imagination could run wild and so filled with life now seems so rocky, congested and full of garbage and damp sites. At first, we did not notice a major difference, but all this changed when the rainy season came. Floods became uncontrollable; the wind blew without anything to block it and therefore destroyed a lot of things. The weather patterns have also been affected making the amount of rain decrease, and also the garbage and smoke have affected people’s health. This had me thinking about the environment we live in.
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It is our nature to be resistant to change. There have been a lot of resistant to GMOs. I support GMOs as I believe they are safe for human consumption. GMOs are safe. There is always a presence of uncertainty among human beings regarding safety; however, there is a lack of evidence concerning their harm. GMOs do not have adverse environmental effects as well as they possess little chemicals as they utilize low amounts of pesticides (National Academies of Sciences and Medicine (U.S.), 2016). There could be a presence of vario.
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Running head: Environmental Experience
1
Experience 12
Environmental Experience
Author Note:
This paper is being submitted on November 9, 2018, for Human Uses of the Environment course.
Environmental Experience
Growing up, I can say my childhood was awesome. I had a wonderful family and great friends. My grandparents owned a farm, so there were always fun things to do, we also had plenty of free time to play. About a mile from my family’s farm was woods that resemble a forest, it was large and had tall trees. The woods, however, had clear paths, so people went there for jogging and relaxation. For my siblings, friends and myself, this was where we often went to ride our bicycles and raced each other. This was a place that I formed a good memory with nature because of its beauty. Apart from the trees, there were other living creatures like birds, squirrels and butterflies and this often made the place a sanctuary for our games due to the different sounds the birds made.
As I grew up, the area where I once lived and loved became populated and were bought by land developers eventually, all the trees were cut down. Where there used to be a place where my imagination could run wild and so filled with life now seems so rocky, congested and full of garbage and damp sites. At first, we did not notice a major difference, but all this changed when the rainy season came. Floods became uncontrollable; the wind blew without anything to block it and therefore destroyed a lot of things. The weather patterns have also been affected making the amount of rain decrease, and also the garbage and smoke have affected people’s health. This had me thinking about the environment we live in.
In conclusion, through the educational system, I was able to learn about the different ways in which the environment is often tarnished. Among them is deforestation, water pollution in rivers and the ocean. Lastly, air pollution thought our carbon emissions. There are also many preventive measures that can be taken to make sure that extreme pollution does not occur (Khopkar, 2014). Among the basic measures is educating people about pollution and creating laws and regulations that will help with combating those that contribute to environmental destruction. This can assist in preventing extreme weather conditions like flooding and acidic rain which is caused by air pollution and deforestation. For me, I arrived at my ecological identity through formal education and experience.
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Author Note:
This paper is being submitted on November 16, 2018, for Human Uses of the Environment course.
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It is our nature to be resistant to change. There have been a lot of resistant to GMOs. I support GMOs as I believe they are safe for human consumption. GMOs are safe. There is always a presence of uncertainty among human beings regarding safety; however, there is a lack of evidence concerning their harm. GMOs do not have adverse envi.
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Running head Rough Draft 1Draft 9Rough Draft.docx
Running head: Rough Draft
1
Draft 9
Rough Draft
Author Note:
This paper is being submitted on December 9, 2018, Human Uses of the Environment course.
Rough Draft
Growing up, I can say my childhood was awesome. I had a wonderful family and great friends. My grandparents owned a farm, so there were always fun things to do, we also had plenty of free time to play. About a mile from my family’s farm was woods that resemble a forest, it was large and had tall trees. The woods, however, had clear paths, so people went there for jogging and relaxation. For my siblings, friends and myself, this was where we often went to ride our bicycles and raced each other. This was a place that I formed a good memory with nature because of its beauty. Apart from the trees, there were other living creatures like birds, squirrels and butterflies and this often made the place a sanctuary for our games due to the different sounds the birds made.
As I grew up, the area where I once lived and loved became populated and were bought by land developers eventually, all the trees were cut down. Where there used to be a place where my imagination could run wild and so filled with life now seems so rocky, congested and full of garbage and damp sites. At first, we did not notice a major difference, but all this changed when the rainy season came. Floods became uncontrollable; the wind blew without anything to block it and therefore destroyed a lot of things. The weather patterns have also been affected making the amount of rain decrease, and also the garbage and smoke have affected people’s health. This had me thinking about the environment we live in.
In conclusion, through the educational system, I was able to learn about the different ways in which the environment is often tarnished. Among them is deforestation, water pollution in rivers and the ocean. Lastly, air pollution thought our carbon emissions. There are also many preventive measures that can be taken to make sure that extreme pollution does not occur laws and regulations that will help with combating those that contribute to environmental destruction. This can assist in preventing extreme weather conditions like flooding and acidic rain which is caused by air pollution and deforestation. For me, I arrived at my ecological identity through has risen six-tenth of a degree within the last 20 years and the population has increased by 1.7 people (Associate Press, 2014). With ga
It is our nature to be resistant to change. There have been a lot of resistant to GMOs. I support GMOs as I believe they are safe for human consumption. GMOs are safe. There is always a presence of uncertainty among human beings regarding safety; however, there is a lack of evidence concerning their harm. GMOs do not have adverse environmental effects as well as they possess little chemicals as they utilize low amounts of pesticides (National Academies of Sciences and Medicine (U.S.), 2016). There could be a presence of vario.
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2) Can GMOs contribute to solving problems of environmental sustainability and the scarcity of natural resources? Or, on the contrary, are they a threat to biodiversity?
3) Are there risks connected with eating the genetically modified food now on the market?
4) What information do people have about biotechnologies and GMOs? And how is the subject handled by the media?
In this study we have attempted to integrate the different perspectives to arrive at a synthetic but detailed opinion, based on the representation of the different positions compared and on the facts that compose them.Running head Environmental Experience 1Experience 1.docx
Running head: Environmental Experience
1
Experience 12
Environmental Experience
Author Note:
This paper is being submitted on November 9, 2018, for Human Uses of the Environment course.
Environmental Experience
Growing up, I can say my childhood was awesome. I had a wonderful family and great friends. My grandparents owned a farm, so there were always fun things to do, we also had plenty of free time to play. About a mile from my family’s farm was woods that resemble a forest, it was large and had tall trees. The woods, however, had clear paths, so people went there for jogging and relaxation. For my siblings, friends and myself, this was where we often went to ride our bicycles and raced each other. This was a place that I formed a good memory with nature because of its beauty. Apart from the trees, there were other living creatures like birds, squirrels and butterflies and this often made the place a sanctuary for our games due to the different sounds the birds made.
As I grew up, the area where I once lived and loved became populated and were bought by land developers eventually, all the trees were cut down. Where there used to be a place where my imagination could run wild and so filled with life now seems so rocky, congested and full of garbage and damp sites. At first, we did not notice a major difference, but all this changed when the rainy season came. Floods became uncontrollable; the wind blew without anything to block it and therefore destroyed a lot of things. The weather patterns have also been affected making the amount of rain decrease, and also the garbage and smoke have affected people’s health. This had me thinking about the environment we live in.
In conclusion, through the educational system, I was able to learn about the different ways in which the environment is often tarnished. Among them is deforestation, water pollution in rivers and the ocean. Lastly, air pollution thought our carbon emissions. There are also many preventive measures that can be taken to make sure that extreme pollution does not occur (Khopkar, 2014). Among the basic measures is educating people about pollution and creating laws and regulations that will help with combating those that contribute to environmental destruction. This can assist in preventing extreme weather conditions like flooding and acidic rain which is caused by air pollution and deforestation. For me, I arrived at my ecological identity through formal education and experience.
Food
Author Note:
This paper is being submitted on November 16, 2018, for Human Uses of the Environment course.
Do you feel that GMOs are safe?
It is our nature to be resistant to change. There have been a lot of resistant to GMOs. I support GMOs as I believe they are safe for human consumption. GMOs are safe. There is always a presence of uncertainty among human beings regarding safety; however, there is a lack of evidence concerning their harm. GMOs do not have adverse envi.
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- 2. GMO: The Achilles Heel of the Globalisation Regime? Written in 2003, Buttell sheds light on the relationship between GMO & globalisation. The paper offers: 1. A chronological context. 2. Potential factors driving change. 3. Key emerging tensions. Conclusion: both may hinder each other. 2
- 3. Chronological Context Convention of Biological Diversity WTO came into being 1st Jan 1995 1. TRIPS 2. SPS 3. Agreement on Technical Barriers to trade Pre-1999 Protests held against WTO meeting in Seattle. November 1999. Battle of Seattle Supplementary to CBD, adopted by the 173 parties on Jan 29th 2000. Cartagena Protocol 3 Founded at the Earth Summit in Rio 1992.
- 4. Factors & Tensions Factors: 1. Increasing build up of scientific evidence. 2. Pre-existing trade conflicts between EU-USA, exacerbated by GMO. 3. Major EU food chains forced to promise non-GMO products. Key Tensions: 1. Regulation principles • USA vs EU 2. Conflicting interests • Global North vs Global South • WTO vs Environmentalists 4
- 5. Netherlands: This Tiny Country Feeds The World • Focused on Wageningen University & the Food Valley. • It offers alternatives: 1. To GMO as solution for sustainable agriculture. 2. To Agri-business as pioneers of food system. 3. To the dominant worldview. 5
- 6. Q1: Where should authority lie? • GMO controversy one front within a much larger debate about how the relationship between technology and society should be mediated. • There are numerous involved parties: Public/consumers, Farmers, Agribusiness, Governments & Scientists. • Where also refers to space: GMO technology has largely been the designed with the developed world & industrial farming in mind, how can we localise? • Example: East Africa soil sampling, Kazakhstan Dandelion root rubber 6
- 7. Q2: Once a country opens its gates to GMO’s, can it ever close them? • Contamination rates. • GMO crops cascade across food systems. • Lobbying power of Multi-Nationals, plus extent of their investment. • Might GMO be a pandora’s box NOT an achilles heel? 7
- 8. Q3: Might Covid have changed this conversation? • Might covid have set a new precedent in our relationship to biotechnology? • By giving green light on GE vaccine technology, EU have broken the ‘precautionary’ approach that they’ve embodied since WW2. • In the face of crisis, corporate technocracy was given authority. 8
- 9. Q4: Is the basic premise of GMO’s leading us in the wrong direction? • Basic Premise: Through controlling one element of a complex system, we can achieve predictable outcomes. • Dewansh’s first Q began to question this premise… Why focus solely on the seed, when it is only one part of a wider ecosystem? • Nat Geo piece shows us an alternative: By seeing the system, we can develop different solutions that are tailored to place, just as effective and unharmful. Are we missing potential opportunities? • Example: Bali, Hydroponics, Koppert Biological Systems • How might this apply to our wider conversation about sustainable agriculture? Is the food crisis a problem of production or distribution? 9
- 10. Ecology has taught us that maximizing any single variable will invariably lead to stress and vulnerability of the system as a whole. Fritjof Capra 10
- 11. Questions: 1. Where should authority lie? 2. Once a country opens its gates to GMO’s, can it ever close them? 3. Might Covid have changed this conversation? 4. Is the basic premise of GMOs, that through controlling one element of a complex system, we can achieve predictable outcomes, leading us in the wrong direction? 11