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SDG 12: Ensuring Sustainable Consumption and Production
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SDG 12:
Axis of the 2030 Development
Agenda
Matthew Hengesbaugh, Policy
Researcher
IGES Strategic Management Office
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Presentation Outline
1. Conceptual Framework of SCP
2. History of SCP
3. SDG 12: Targets and Indicators
4. Linkages with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
5. Case studies
6. Challenges and Opportunities
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Why SCP? Resource Challenges for Asia & the Pacific
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•UNEP’s GEO-6 Report: Regional
Assessment for Asia & the Pacific (2016)
indicated that the region’s material
consumption accounted for more than 50
percent of global consumption in 2015.
• Further, UNEP (2011) confirmed that
material resource consumption would
increase 3 times in 2050 compared to
2005 in Asia-Pacific region.
•Even if resource and energy efficiency
increase by 50%, resource consumption
continues to expand with supply demands.
•Therefore, developing economies need
to increase its resource efficiency on the
one hand; developed economies need to
shift policy and investment for systems
innovation towards decreasing resource
consumption.
Source：Figure 7.5, UNEP(2011), Resource
Efficiency: Economy and Outlook and the Pacific, P.
171.
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Need collaboration with non-G7 for RE as global agenda
Per capita consumption of some of BRIICS is higher
Source: Aoki-Suzuki based on OECD stats
G7
BRIICS
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• Background
• Prepared since 2002, adopted at Rio+20
• Objectives
• Supporting policies and initiatives; Capacity building; Knowledge Sharing
• 6 Programmes
• Sustainable Public Procurement
• Consumer Information
• Sustainable Tourism including Ecotourism
• Sustainable Lifestyles and Education (co-led by MOEJ, Sweden, WWF)
• Sustainable Building and Construction
• Sustainable Food Systems
10 Year Framework of Sustainable Consumption and Production
(10YFP)
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Supporting bilateral collaboration between MOEJ and Malaysia
JPSPN, MHLG,
Malaysia
MOEJ, Japan
Collaborative partner
“Collaborative Project for the Development of
National Strategic Plan for Food Waste Management in Malaysia”
IGES
Commissioned
(FY2010)
National
Coordinator
1. Legal framework
• Develop the food waste
management regulation
2. Large-scale organic waste
treatment plant (financed by
Malaysian government)
• Analyze cost-sharing mechanism
3. Scaling-up and expansion of
successful cases
• Composting pilot projects at
local levels (municipalities,
universities, etc.)
Supporting institutions
・JGPSSI
・PPSPPA
・PEMANDU
・Municipalities
・Universities etc.
<Project Contents>
Agreement for
the collaborative project
partly re-commissioned (FY2010)
Case Study: SCP Policies at the National Level
20. • Private Malaysian company that develops, manufactures and sells clay pipes used in sewerage and
drainage, installed in sewerage systems nationwide
• Participated in Carbon Footprint Pilot Programme (March – Dec 2014) under Malaysia’s Sustainable
Building Materials Programme
• Partnership between SIRIM Berhad, Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers, Building Materials
Distributors Association of Malaysia, Malaysian Green Building Confederation, and Carbon Trust
Case Study: Ban Soon Heng SDN BHD (BSH),
SWITCH-Asia
Limited environmental awareness among
employees
Lack of guidance on cost savings during
the manufacturing process
Limited awareness about environmental
impacts of manufacturing processes
No waste management
More environmental and climate change
related awareness among employees
Reduced electricity consumption and fuel
usage
Increased knowledge about
environmental impacts
Recycling and waste minimisation carried
out
Increased brand recognition and
acceptance in the market
Before After
Source: http://www.switch-asia.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/Publications/2015/Final_SCREEN_files.pdf
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Government capacity and interagency collaboration is key
• Need to emphasise resource efficiency and circulation as a high
priority in national developmental strategies
• Robust partnerships between relevant stakeholders are crucial from
initial planning stages to the review of various policies and strategies
• Cooperation and coordination among line-ministries is key for
mainstreaming resource circulation and SCP policies
Industrial infrastructure and technology transfer
• Linking development of legislation and systematic development of
industrial sector (facilities and technologies) for waste treatment and
recycling of collected recyclables
Well-organised recycling market
• Recycling mechanisms that use economic instruments such as EPR
for specific end-of-life products would help shift from informal dirty
recycling to a well-organised market with stable job opportunities.
Priority challenges for SCP policy/SDG 12
23. 12 Emerging Opportunities for SCP/SDG 12
1. Consumption of
experience matters
more for happiness of
people in the long run
4. Measurement of
society’s genuine wealth
is important for policy
making
2. Alignment with Paris
Climate Agreement and
Environmental, Social
Governance (ESG)
investments
5. Concepts of circular
economy and
sustainable value chains
3. Evolving guidance on
tailoring information for
behaviour change
6. Product design should
address people’s needs
in their local context
7. Role of digital
technologies: IoT, AI
10. Sharing economy is
an important entry point
8. Urban planning and
infrastructure
development is crucial
11. Recognition of
implicit rules and
customs
9. Importance of local
wisdom and indigenous
knowledge
12. Multistakeholder
partnerships is a key to
success
Source http://www.susdesign.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp/s-16/docs/policybrief_A4_180706.pdf
Whereas SCP may mean different things to different people, certain overarching concepts weave together broad areas of consensus to establish a holistic approach which transcends regions and sectors of activity. SCP is about systemic change, decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation and applying a lifecycle thinking approach, taking into account all phases of resource use in order to do more and better with less.
1972: Limits to Growth
"To achieve this change would mean that the globe’s people establish their status, derive satisfaction, and challenge themselves with goals other than ever- increasing production and ever-accumulating"
1987: UN World Commission on Environment and Development
“Perceived needs are socially and culturally determined, and sustainable development requires the promotion of values that encourage consumption standards that are within the bounds of the ecologically possible and to which all can reasonably aspire."
1992: UN Conference on Environment and Development
“The major cause of the continued deterioration of the global environment is the unsustainable pattern of consumption and production, particularly in industrialized countries…”
In 1994, at the Oslo Symposium, SCP was defined as “the use of services and related products, which respond to basic needs and bring a better quality of life while minimizing the use of natural resources and toxic materials as well as the emissions of waste and pollutants over the life cycle of the service or product so as not to jeopardize the needs of future generations”.
2002: World Summit on Sustainable Development: Origin of 10YFP
"Encourage and promote the development of a framework ... in support of regional and national initiatives to accelerate the shift towards sustainable consumption and production"
2003: Launch of the Marrakech Process on SCP
A coalition of willing countries working to promote sustainable consumption and production, especially through policy guidelines and in emerging economies.
2012: UN Conference on Sustainable Development
After nearly a decade of moving ahead without formal agreement by all UN countries, the Marrakech Process 10-Year Framework of Programmes (10YFP) is adopted as one of the few successes of a controversial Rio+20 Summit.
2015: Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adopted
Goal 12 calls to “ensure sustainable consumption and production”
Though a stand-alone goal (SDG 12) has been included, SCP should be seen as an enabler for the implementation of a range of other goals and many of their targets. Achieving sustainable consumption and production will deliver not only SDG 12, but simultaneously contribute significantly to the achievement of almost all of the SDGs, directly or indirectly.
Kitakyushu has been selected as a “Future City” by the Government of Japan, where SDG 12 is emphasised through the following actions.
The company develops, manufactures and sells clay pipes used in sewerage and drainage. The pipes are produced according to Malaysian Standards (MS 1061:1999) and have been approved by the National Water Services Commission (SPAN) to be installed in sewerage systems nationwide.
With funding from EU/SWITCH-Asia, the company participated in Carbon Footprint Pilot Programme (March – Dec 2014) under Malaysia’s Sustainable Building Materials Programme, an initiative led by SIRIM Berhad (national standards institute), together with the Federation of Malaysian Manufacturers, Building Materials Distributors Association of Malaysia, Malaysian Green Building Confederation, and the Carbon Trust.
PECOP-Asia (consortium of Japanese Universities together with IGES) and APRSCP prepared a policy brief on SCP for HLPF 2018
