study about ecology

1. 1/24/2023 Confidential 1
Source:

2. Environment
• The physical, chemical and biological presence of
living and non-living things outside an individual
species is called as its environment.
• Environment is derived from the French word
Environner, which means to encircle or surround.

3. 3

4. ENVIRONMENT
BIOTIC
ENVIRONMENT
(BIOSPHERE)
ABIOTIC
ENVIRONMENT
Biotic environment includes assembly of
plants, animals and microbes

5. ABIOTIC
ATMOSPHERE
(AIR)
LITHOSPHERE
(SOIL)
HYDROSPHERE
(WATER)
Abiotic components are physical factors
and physiochemical substances (light,
heat, wind, moisture, tide, solar energy,
pH, soil, topography minerals etc.)

6. What is Environmental Science?
The study of how human beings interact
with their environment
Our environment is everything that surrounds us, both
natural and man-made.

7. Man & His Environment
Only 100 years ago no one owned a car, or
computer or even a television. The world
population of humans was about 1,500,000,000.
In 1900, houses were still heated with coal or wood,
there was no electricity and clothes were washed
by hand in a large tub.

8. Seven Billion Reasons to
Save it
One planet is gasping
for
Fresh air and fresh water
 Shrinking of Forests
 Spreading Deserts
 Contaminated Soil & Water
 Rising levels of Green House Gases
 Global warming
 Depletion of Ozone Layer
PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT SAVE THE
PLANET EARTH
One Planet One Home

9. Need of the study
Need to change the way in which we view our own
environment, using a practical approach based on
observation and self learning
.

10. Imparting Environmental Education on
conservation and sustainable
management of natural resources, and
other global, national and local level
environmental problems.
Need to create a concern for our environment
that will trigger pro-environmental action.

11. The subject covers
• Introduction to Environment studies,
Natural resources and their uses.
• The Ecosystems, concepts of food chain
and food web and types of ecosystem.
• Biodiversity, levels, values, threats and
conservation
• Types of Environmental pollutions,
causes and control measures .
• Global warming, Acid Rains, Ozone layer
Depletion,
• Environmental Acts, EIA

12. Environment serves
• Ecological & Economic
• Medicinal
• Tourism
• Social, Cultural
• Energy resources
• Natural Resources,
• Biodiversity
• Aesthetic value

13. SCOPE
Creates awareness among the people
Provides the knowledge about ecological systems
Provides information and threats on biodiversity at
various levels.
Enables to understand the causes and consequences of
natural disasters and follow up measures.
Enables to evaluate alternative responses to environmental
issues.
Enables environmentally literate citizens
To know the environmental acts, rights, rules,
legislations, etc.

14.  Exposes the problems of over pollution & role of science
and technology in eliminating /minimizing the evils from
the society.
 Identify and develop appropriate and indigenous, eco-
friendly skills and technologies of various environmental
issues.
 Need for sustainable utilization of natural resources, which
are inherited from the ancestors.
 Enables theoretical knowledge into practice and the multiple
uses of environment.

16. Multidisciplinary Nature of Environmental
Science
• Life Sciences: Biology, Biochemistry, Microbiology, Biotechnology etc., to
understanding the biotic components and their interactions and applied as tools
for emerging problems.
• Physical Sciences: Physics, Chemistry, Earth Science, Atmospheric science,
Oceanography, geography etc. to understand the basic concepts and abiotic
components of environment.
• Civil Engineering: Chemical Engineering, Hydraulics, Nanotechnology etc to
control the pollution and waste water treatment.
• Economics, Sociology, Law, Education, management, Mass communication etc
useful for solutions to day to day problems.
• Mechanics, statistics, Computer science etc for research, Analysis and effective
management of environment.

17. 1/24/2023 Source: Confidential 17
Environmental Summits
5th June, 1972 Stockholm, Environmental Issues
Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human
Environment
1992 (Earth Summit) Rio de Janeiro, Brazil The United
Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED)
2002 (World Summit) Johannesburg on Sustainable
Development,
2009, Climate Conference in Copenhagen,

18. 1/24/2023 Source: Confidential 18
Concept of Ecomark
In 1991, Government of
India introduced
Earthen Pitcher as
ECOMARK for eco
friendly products.

19. 1/24/2023 Source: Confidential 19
 World Wetlands Day - Feb, 2nd
 World Forest Day – March, 21
 World Water Day – March, 22
 World Health Day- April, 7
 Earth Day – April, 22
 World Biodiversity Day – May 22
 World Environment Day - June 5
 World Population Day - July 11
 International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer - September 16
 Green Consumer Day- September 28
 Wildlife week-October1-7
 World Food Day-October 16
 World planting day - October 22
 World Aids Day- December 1
Important Environmental Days

20. 1/24/2023 Source: Confidential 20
Environmental Movements in India
 CHIPKO MOVEMENT : Started in 1973 in Chamoli district
of Uttranchal, against deforestation.
 NARMADA BACHAO ANDOLAN : Movement against
building multi-purpose dam over Narmada river
 SILENT VALLEY MOVEMENT : Movement against a
hydro-electric project on the river Kuthipuzha, atributory at
Preiyar river.
 BALIYAPAL MOVEMENT :Movement against testing of
missiles on the land of Baliyal villagers which may lead to
interfertitlity of soil.
 BISHNOI MOVEMENT : Started in 400 years ago by a Sage
known as Sombaji. in Rajasthan, a large number of trees are
still worshiped by devotees. people resisted the cutting of such
tree & advocated movement against deforestation.

21.  Environmental Protection
 Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
 Public awareness
Environmental Institutions in India

22. Bombay Natural History Society,
Hornbill House,
Shaheed Bhagat Singh Road,
Mumbai 400 023,
India. Phone: (91-22) 22821811
Fax: (91-22)22837615
www.bnhs.org
Bombay Natural History Society
• Major contribution on Wildlife research.
• Largest and oldest environmental NGO in the subcontinent engaged in the
conservation of nature and natural resources, education and research in
natural history, with members in 30 countries.
• Helped the Indian Government to frame wildlife related laws.
• Organized Save the Silent Valley Campaign
Hornbill,
Journal on Natural History
Publications
Founded in 1883

23. World Wide Fund for Nature
WWF-India,
Secretariat,
New Delhi (IN) Main Office
Phone: +91 11 4150 4797
http://www.wwfindia.org/
World Wide Fund for Nature -India
 WWF-India started as a wildlife conservation organization.
 Started at Mumbai and now the head quarter is at New Delhi.
 Branch offices are at all over India.
 The main objective is to ensure the conservation of the country's
wildlife and wild habitats, wildlife education and awareness.
 Nature clubs for School Children
Founded in 1969
WWF-I

24. Centre for Science and Environment
41, Tughlakabad Institutional Area,
New Delhi-110062,
Tel: +91 (011) 29955124;
Fax: +91 (011) 29955879
http://www.cseindia.org/
Centre for Science and Environment (CSE)
Activities: Organizing campaigns, holding workshops and conferences
and producing environment – related publications.
Publications:
State of India’s Environment – Citizen’s report on Environment
Down to Earth – fortnightly magazine on Science and Environment
Gober times – Environment for beginners
Books, Posters, Video films
Founded in 1980

25. C.P.R. Environmental Education Centre
The C.P. Ramaswami Aiyar Foundation
No.1, Eldams Road, Alwarpet,
Chennai - 600 018, Tamil Nadu
Phone: 044 - 24341778
Fax: 91 - 44 – 24320756
http://cpreec.org/
Estl. in 1988
 To conduct verities of programs to spread environmental awareness
and create an interest in conservation among the general public.
 Focus is on NGO’s, teachers, women, youth and children
 To conserve nature and natural resources.
 Programs on wildlife and biodiversity issues.
 Publishes large no. of books.
(CPR-EEC)

26. Centre for Environment Education (CEE)
Thaltej Tekra
380 054 Ahmedabad
Phone:(+91) 79 - 2685 8002
http://www.ceeindia.org/
• Wide range on Environmental programmes
• Produces varieties of Educational Material
• Training in Environmental Education (TEE) program has trained many
environmental educators.
Centre for Environment Education (CEE)
Established in 1989.

27. Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment Education and Research (BVIEER),
Pune, Maharashtra
Katraj-Dhankawadi Campus,
Pune-Satara Road,
Pune, Maharashtra, +91-20-4375684,
http://environment.bharatividyapeeth.edu/.
Bharati Vidyapeeth Institute of Environment
Education and Research (BVIEER),
• Part of Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University.
• This institute has a Ph.D, Masters and Bachelors program in
Environmental Sciences.
• Offers an innovative diploma in Envt. Education for in- Service
teachers
• Envt. Education from Primary school level to PG level.
• Conducts fortnightly Envt. Education programs.
• Main focus is on Biodiversity conservation
Established in 1993.

28. Uttarakhand Environmental Education Centre
Jakhan Devi, Mall Road
Almora 263601
Uttarakhand, India
Tel: +91-5962-234430
Fax: +91-5962-231100
usnpss@sancharnet.in
http://www.ueec.org.in
Uttarakhand Seva Nidhi (UKSN)
 A nodal agency
 Provides grants to NGOs on Envt related activities
 Organising training on Site specific Environmental Education Workbook
programmes
 Main aim is Sustainable resource use at the village level
 Coves 500 schools on Environmental Education.
Established in 1987.

29. Kalpavriksh Pune
Address: Flat no 5, 2nd Floor, Shri Dutta Krupa,
908, Deccan Gymakhana, Pune 411004, India
Phone No: +91-20- 25670979, 25675450
Fax: +91-20-25654239
Email: kalpavriksh@vsnl.net
http://www.kalpavriksh.org/
KALPAVRIKSH is a non profit organisation working on environmental and social
issues.
 They operate mostly out of Pune and Delhi.
 Talks, Audio-Visuals in Schools, Nature Walks, Out Station Camps, Student
envt. ralleys, Consumer awareness – organic food etc
 Site specific environmental manuals for teachers
 One among those to develop India’s National Biodiversity Strategy and
Action Plan- 2003
• Education and Awareness
• Research and Investigation
• Direct action & Lobbying
• Litigation with regard to Envt and Dev.
Established in 1979.

30. Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History
Anaikatty (Post), Coimbatore – 641 108
Tamil Nadu (INDIA)
e-mail : salimali@vsnl.com
Website : www.sacon.org
Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History
 An autonomous organization is a national centre for studies in
Ornithology and Natural History.
 The centre was named befittingly after Dr. Sálim Ali in appreciation of
his life long services to India's bird life and conservation of natural
resources.
 SACON was dedicated to the nation on February 11, 2000 by the
Honourable Minister for Environmaent and Forests, Government of
India, Mr. T.R. Baalu.
 It is also dealing with bird life and natural resources conservation,
forests etc.
 It also sets up field stations to meet the requirements of various
research projects.
(SACON)
Founded in 1990

31. Post Box #18, Chandrabani
Dehradun - 248001
Uttarakhand, India
E-mail: wii@wii.gov.in
Telephone: +91 135 2640111 -15
Fax: +91 135 2640117
http://www.wii.gov.in
 Training to Forest officials and Wild lifers
 It has EIA Cell
 Offers training program, academic courses and advisory in wildlife research
and management.
 Conducts training programmers on Ecodevelopment, Wildlife biology, habitat
management and Nature interpretation
Established in 1982
Publication:
Planning a Wildlife Protected Area Network for India (Rodgers & Panwar, 1988)
(WII)

32. Botanical Survey of India
CGO Complex, 3rd MSO Building,
Block F(5th & 6th Floor),
DF Block, Sector I,
Salt lake City,
Kolkata – 700 064
Phone No.: (033) 23344963(Director)
Fax No.: (033) 23346040
http://164.100.52.111/
Established in 1890 ----Nine Regional Centres
 Exploration, inventorying and documentation of phytodiversity
 Publication of National, State and District Floras.
 Identification of Red list species and species rich areas needing
conservation;
 Ex-situ conservation of critically threatened taxa in botanical gardens
Publication:
Books : 187
Periodicals, Journals, Newsletters on Flora
(BSI)

33.  To work on Taxonomy and Ecology of the fauna
 Collection of “Type Specimens” for studying animal life over
years.
 One of the largest collections in Asia
 The Survey had its genesis in the establishment of the
Zoological Section of the Indian Museum at Calcutta in 1875.
 The Survey undertakes no regular teaching but from time to time
holds Conferences and Symposia, Training Courses, Workshops
and Colloquia.
http://zsi.gov.in/
Established in 1916 --- 16 Regional centers

34. Madras Crocodile Bank Trust
Centre for Herpetology,
Post Bag No 4,
Mamallapuram-603 104,
Tamil Nadu, S. India
Ph: +91-044-27472447
Fax: +91-044-27472958
Email:mcbtindia@vsnl.net
http://www.madrascrocodilebank.org/Aboutus.htm
Madras Crocodile Bank Trust
Established in 1976
 The first Crocodile Conservation Breeding Centre in Asia.
 Conservation and propagation of Endangered reptiles.
 Over 1500 Crocodiles and Hundreds of Eggs were supplied to Forest Dept.
 Started first Sea Turtle survey in Asia
 Environmental Education programmes – villagers, Schools, Resource
persons
 In 1992 Andaman & Nicobar Environmental Team (ANET) started for surveys
Publications:
Journal-Hamadryad
Newsletter-
Herpinstance & Pitstop
5 books
(MCBT)
Madras Crocodile Bank Trust (MCBT)

35. Rachel Carson
Effect of pesticides on Nature
and Man kind
Book – Silent Spring
---led to change in Govt Policy
and Public Awareness
People in Environment

36. E.O.Wilson.
Entomologist
 Biodiversity is a key to Human
Survival
 Book – Diversity of Life in
1993
 Awarded best book on Envt
issues

37. Dr.Salim ali
Ornithologist
 Bird man of India
 Worked in BNHS
 Wrote several books on Birds
1. Book of Indian Birds
2. Fall of Sparrow
Made several envt. policies

38. Indira Gandhi
Politician
 As PM played significant role
in the preservation of India’s
Wildlife
 Protect Area Network grown
from 65 to 298
 Indian Wildlife Protection Act
formulated during her period

39. S.P.Godrej
 Supporter of Wildlife conservation
and Nature Awareness
 Received 10 awards for his
conservation activities
 Awarded Padma Bhushan in 1999

40. M.S.Swaminathan
Agricultural Scientist
 Father of Indian Green
Revolution
 Worked on Conservation of
Biodiversity
 Started MS Swaminathan
Research Foundation in
Chennai

41. Madhav Gadgil
Ecologist
 Developing Community
Biodiversity Registers
 Conserving Sacred Grooves
 Studies on Mammals, Birds &
Insects
 Wrote 6 books and Editor for
Lifescapes of peninsular India

42. M. C. Mehta
Environmental Lawyer
 Filed several public interest
litigations
 Protecting the Taj mahal
 Cleaning the River Ganga
 Banning intensive shrimp
farming in coastal areas
 Initiating government to
environmental education in
schools & Colleges

43. Anil Agarwal
Journalist
 Wrote a book on State of
India’s Environment -1982
 Founder of CSE

44. Medha Patkar
Narmada Bachavo
 Fight against construction of DAMs
on Narmada River to protect the
tribal communities

45. Sunderlal Bahuguna
Chipko movement
 Successful conservation
action programme by
protecting the forest
resources through local
people.
 Fight against construction of
TEHRI DAM

46. Wangari Maathai
Wangari Maathai founded the Green Belt movement in Kenya in 1977, which has
planted more than 10 million trees to prevent soil erosion and provide firewood
for cooking fires
first woman in central or eastern Africa to hold a Ph.D., first woman head of a
university department in Kenya, first African woman to win the Nobel Prize in
Peace during 2004