The document discusses carrier sweeps, which are a type of frequency modulation used in Rife machines. It explains carrier sweeps using an analogy of an inverted comb dragging through ink to generate a solid line of frequencies. Traditional Rife machines only allowed modulation sweeps that hit each frequency multiple times, but carrier sweeps apply each frequency only once for a longer duration of at least 3 minutes to thoroughly target pathogens. The document also notes that carrier sweeps in Spooky machines can be customized by the user.