Fire needs all three components
Fire gets extinguished when one or more of the components removed
Chain reaction makes fire continue to burn
Class A - Wood, paper,cloth, trash
Class B - Flammable liquids, oils
Class C - Flammable Gas, Liquefied Flammable gas
Class D - Combustible metals, like Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium
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Fire 3 prevention
1. FIRE PREVENTION
Prepared by,
SOUMEN MAKAR.
DREDGING AND RECLAMATION WORKS,
BMCT-,JNPT-4
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2. How does a Fire occur?
• Fire needs all three
components
• Fire gets extinguished
when one or more of
the components
removed
• Chain reaction makes
fire continue to burn.
• Fire needs all three
components
• Fire gets extinguished
when one or more of
the components
removed
• Chain reaction makes
fire continue to burn.
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3. Types of Fires
• Class A - Wood, paper,cloth, trash
• Class B - Flammable liquids, oils
• Class C - Flammable Gas, Liquefied
Flammable gas
• Class D - Combustible metals, like
Sodium, Potassium,
Magnesium
• Class A - Wood, paper,cloth, trash
• Class B - Flammable liquids, oils
• Class C - Flammable Gas, Liquefied
Flammable gas
• Class D - Combustible metals, like
Sodium, Potassium,
Magnesium
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4. Principle of fire extinction
1. Starvation
2. Cooling
3. Smothering
4. Interuption of Chain Reaction
1. Starvation
2. Cooling
3. Smothering
4. Interuption of Chain Reaction
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5. Principle of fire extinction
(Starvation)
Isolating the Fuel
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6. Principle of fire extinction
(Cooling)
Reducing temperatureReducing temperature
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7. Principle of fire extinction
(Smothering)
Limiting OxygenLimiting Oxygen
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8. Principle of fire extinction
Interupting Chain ReactionInterupting Chain Reaction
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9. Different Kinds of Extinguishers
The 3 most common fire extinguishers
used at site:
– Foam
– Carbon Dioxide
– Dry Chemical Powder – Cartridge type
– Dry Chemical Powder – Stored
Pressure type
The 3 most common fire extinguishers
used at site:
– Foam
– Carbon Dioxide
– Dry Chemical Powder – Cartridge type
– Dry Chemical Powder – Stored
Pressure type
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.
10. Foam type
USEUSE
ThisThis extinguisherextinguisher isis usedused toto
putput outout oiloil firesfires (B(B ClassClass
fires)fires)
APPLICABLEAPPLICABLE ISIS CODECODE
ISIS 1020410204 -- 19821982
ISIS 21902190 -- 19921992
SIZESSIZES AVAILABLEAVAILABLE
500500g,g, 11,,22,,55,,1010kgkg
USEUSE
ThisThis extinguisherextinguisher isis usedused toto
putput outout oiloil firesfires (B(B ClassClass
fires)fires)
APPLICABLEAPPLICABLE ISIS CODECODE
ISIS 1020410204 -- 19821982
ISIS 21902190 -- 19921992
SIZESSIZES AVAILABLEAVAILABLE
500500g,g, 11,,22,,55,,1010kgkg
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11. Foam type
CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
ThisThis extinguisherextinguisher consistsconsists ofof aa
cylindricalcylindrical bodybody ontoonto whichwhich aa capcap unionunion
isis fittedfitted..
TheThe capcap unionunion isis fittedfitted withwith aa CoCo22 gasgas
cartridge,cartridge, piercerpiercer mechanismmechanism andand
safetysafety clipclip..
TheThe bodybody isis fittedfitted withwith aa siphonsiphon tubetube..
ScrewedScrewed ontoonto thethe nipplenipple ofof thethe siphonsiphon
tubetube isis aa flexibleflexible braidedbraided plasticplastic hosehose
terminatingterminating withwith plasticplastic foamfoam makingmaking
branchbranch pipepipe..
CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
ThisThis extinguisherextinguisher consistsconsists ofof aa
cylindricalcylindrical bodybody ontoonto whichwhich aa capcap unionunion
isis fittedfitted..
TheThe capcap unionunion isis fittedfitted withwith aa CoCo22 gasgas
cartridge,cartridge, piercerpiercer mechanismmechanism andand
safetysafety clipclip..
TheThe bodybody isis fittedfitted withwith aa siphonsiphon tubetube..
ScrewedScrewed ontoonto thethe nipplenipple ofof thethe siphonsiphon
tubetube isis aa flexibleflexible braidedbraided plasticplastic hosehose
terminatingterminating withwith plasticplastic foamfoam makingmaking
branchbranch pipepipe..
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12. Foam type
METHOD OF OPERATION:METHOD OF OPERATION:
Keep the extinguisher on theKeep the extinguisher on the
ground or platformground or platform
Withdraw the branch pipe from itsWithdraw the branch pipe from its
seat, swing back the safety clip andseat, swing back the safety clip and
press down the knob with the palm.press down the knob with the palm.
This action releases CoThis action releases Co22 gas fromgas from
the cartridge and pressurizes thethe cartridge and pressurizes the
extinguisher body.extinguisher body.
Foam is then directed to fall ontoFoam is then directed to fall onto
the fire gentlythe fire gently..
METHOD OF OPERATION:METHOD OF OPERATION:
Keep the extinguisher on theKeep the extinguisher on the
ground or platformground or platform
Withdraw the branch pipe from itsWithdraw the branch pipe from its
seat, swing back the safety clip andseat, swing back the safety clip and
press down the knob with the palm.press down the knob with the palm.
This action releases CoThis action releases Co22 gas fromgas from
the cartridge and pressurizes thethe cartridge and pressurizes the
extinguisher body.extinguisher body.
Foam is then directed to fall ontoFoam is then directed to fall onto
the fire gentlythe fire gently..
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13. Carbon Dioxide
USE
The Co2 fire extinguisher is
used to put out fire involving
electrical equipments, oil (B
Class Fire) and gas (Class fire).
APPLICABLE IS CODE
IS 2190- 1992
IS 2878- 1976
SIZES:
2, 3.2, 4.5, 6.8, 9,22.5Kg
USE
The Co2 fire extinguisher is
used to put out fire involving
electrical equipments, oil (B
Class Fire) and gas (Class fire).
APPLICABLE IS CODE
IS 2190- 1992
IS 2878- 1976
SIZES:
2, 3.2, 4.5, 6.8, 9,22.5Kg
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14. Carbon Dioxide
HOSE
VALVE
HANDLE
PIN
CONSTRUCTION
The extinguisher consists of
a cylindrical body onto which
a wheel valve is fitted. The
wheel valve is having a
safety pin with which we can
lock the wheel valve and also
to this wheel valve a
discharge horn made of fibre
plastic is fitted. The body is
fixed with a siphon tube.
CYLINDER
HORN
HANDLE
CONSTRUCTION
The extinguisher consists of
a cylindrical body onto which
a wheel valve is fitted. The
wheel valve is having a
safety pin with which we can
lock the wheel valve and also
to this wheel valve a
discharge horn made of fibre
plastic is fitted. The body is
fixed with a siphon tube.
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15. Carbon Dioxide
HOSE
VALVE
HANDLE
PIN
METHOD OF OPERATION:
Remove the safety pin and
turn the wheel in anti-
clockwise direction and
direct the gas to the seat
of fire with the help of the
discharge horn. We can
control the flow of the gas
turning the wheel valve in
clockwise direction.
CYLINDER
HORN
HANDLE
METHOD OF OPERATION:
Remove the safety pin and
turn the wheel in anti-
clockwise direction and
direct the gas to the seat
of fire with the help of the
discharge horn. We can
control the flow of the gas
turning the wheel valve in
clockwise direction.
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16. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
USEUSE
TheThe drydry powderpowder firefire
extinguisherextinguisher isis usedused toto putput outout
firesfires involvinginvolving oiloil (B(B classclass fire)fire)
andand gasgas firesfires (C(C classclass fire)fire)..
APPLICBALE IS CODEAPPLICBALE IS CODE
IS 2171IS 2171 -- 19861986
IS 2190IS 2190 –– 19921992
SIZES AVAILABLESIZES AVAILABLE
1,2,5,10kg1,2,5,10kg
(Cartridge Type)
USEUSE
TheThe drydry powderpowder firefire
extinguisherextinguisher isis usedused toto putput outout
firesfires involvinginvolving oiloil (B(B classclass fire)fire)
andand gasgas firesfires (C(C classclass fire)fire)..
APPLICBALE IS CODEAPPLICBALE IS CODE
IS 2171IS 2171 -- 19861986
IS 2190IS 2190 –– 19921992
SIZES AVAILABLESIZES AVAILABLE
1,2,5,10kg1,2,5,10kg
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17. CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
DCPDCP extinguisherextinguisher consistsconsists ofof aa
cylindricalcylindrical bodybody ontoonto whichwhich aa capcap
unionunion isis screwedscrewed..
TheThe capcap unionunion isis havinghaving thethe
piercerpiercer mechanismmechanism andand safetysafety
clipclip andand CoCo22 gasgas cartridgecartridge isis
screwedscrewed ontoonto thisthis..
TheThe bodybody isis fixedfixed withwith siphonsiphon
tubetube..
Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
SAFETY CLIP
CATRIDGE HOSE
(Cartridge Type)
CONSTRUCTIONCONSTRUCTION
DCPDCP extinguisherextinguisher consistsconsists ofof aa
cylindricalcylindrical bodybody ontoonto whichwhich aa capcap
unionunion isis screwedscrewed..
TheThe capcap unionunion isis havinghaving thethe
piercerpiercer mechanismmechanism andand safetysafety
clipclip andand CoCo22 gasgas cartridgecartridge isis
screwedscrewed ontoonto thisthis..
TheThe bodybody isis fixedfixed withwith siphonsiphon
tubetube..
DCP
OUTER
CONTAINER NOZZEL
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19. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
Dry Chemical Powders:
Sodium Bicarbonate
Potassium Bicarbonate
Sodium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Sulfide
(Cartridge Type)
Dry Chemical Powders:
Sodium Bicarbonate
Potassium Bicarbonate
Sodium Chloride
Potassium Chloride
Potassium Sulfide
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20. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
Stored Pressure Type
USE
Suitable for Class A, B and C
fires.
IS Code: 13849 -1993
Size of Fire Extinguishers
0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10kg
USE
Suitable for Class A, B and C
fires.
IS Code: 13849 -1993
Size of Fire Extinguishers
0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10kg
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21. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)Stored Pressure Type
CONSTRUCTION
Mono-Ammonium Phosphate
Powder is stored in the cylinder
under the pressure of Nitrogen.
A Siphon Tube is fitted the
discharge valve.
Extinguisher may or may not be
provided with Hose
Dial Gauge is provided to monitor
the pressure of Nitrogen
CONSTRUCTION
Mono-Ammonium Phosphate
Powder is stored in the cylinder
under the pressure of Nitrogen.
A Siphon Tube is fitted the
discharge valve.
Extinguisher may or may not be
provided with Hose
Dial Gauge is provided to monitor
the pressure of Nitrogen
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22. Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)
Stored Pressure Type
OPERATION
Remove the Safety Pin.
Aim the base of the fire.
Squeeze the valve
From one side of fire
Cover the whole area by
sweeping action.
OPERATION
Remove the Safety Pin.
Aim the base of the fire.
Squeeze the valve
From one side of fire
Cover the whole area by
sweeping action.
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23. Suitability of Fire Extinguishers
Sl.
No.
Type of Fire Type of Extinguishers
1 Class - A Sand, Water
2 Class - B Foam, DCP, CO2
3 Class - C DCP, CO23 Class - C DCP, CO2
4 Class - D Special Dry Powders, like
Soda Ash Powder + NaCO3 for
fire on Na or K
Dry Sand Powder + SiO2 for
various Metal Fires
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24. Selection of Extinguishers
(Site Specific)
Sl.
No.
Type of Work Type of Extinguishers
1 Carpentry Works Sand Buckets, Water in Drums
2 Diesel or Petrol
Store
Foam
3 Gas Cutting and
Welding
DCP or CO2Gas Cutting and
Welding
4 Office & General
Store
CO2 / DCP
5 P&M (Mech) DCP / CO2
6 P&M (Elec) DCP / CO2
Water or Foam should not be used for
fires on Electrical Machines
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25. Maintenance of Extinguishers
Extingu
isher
Once in
3 Months A Year 2 yrs 3 Yrs 5 Yrs
Foam Clean the hose assembly
Check the piercing
mechanism- Apply lubricant
Refill the Liquid if
sedimentation found
If the weight of the
Cartridge is 10% less,
Replace it.
Replace the corroded
extinguishers
Pick 1/3 of the total
numbers and carry
out Hydro-test at
17.5 Kg/cm2. If one
or more fail, test all
the extinguishers.
Refill the
extinguis
her
Carry out
Hydro-test
at
17.5kg/cm2
for 2.5
minutes
Clean the hose assembly
Check the piercing
mechanism- Apply lubricant
Refill the Liquid if
sedimentation found
If the weight of the
Cartridge is 10% less,
Replace it.
Replace the corroded
extinguishers
Co2 Examine hose, Horn and
assembly and clean.
If the weight of the
extinguisher is 10% less,
refill it.
Replace the corroded
extinguishers
Pick 1/3 of the total
numbers and carry
out Hydro-test at
210kgf/cm2. If one
or more fail, test all
the extinguishers.
Refill the
extinguish
er.
Carry out
hydro-test
at
210kgf/cm2
for 2.5
Minutes
whenever
refilling is
done
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26. Exting
uisher
Once in
3 Months A Year 2
years
3 Years 5
Years
DCP Clean the hose
assembly
Check the piercing
mechanism- Apply
lubricant
Refill the Powder if
granulation or
caking is found.
If the weight of the
Cartridge is 10%
less, Replace it.
Replace the
corroded
extinguishers
Pick 1/3 of
the total
numbers and
carry out
Hydro-test at
25 Kg/cm2. If
one or more
fail, test all
the
extinguishers.
Carry
out
Hydro-
test at
25
Kg/cm2
for 2.5
minutes
Refill
the
extingui
shers
Clean the hose
assembly
Check the piercing
mechanism- Apply
lubricant
Refill the Powder if
granulation or
caking is found.
If the weight of the
Cartridge is 10%
less, Replace it.
Replace the
corroded
extinguishers
Pick 1/3 of
the total
numbers and
carry out
Hydro-test at
25 Kg/cm2. If
one or more
fail, test all
the
extinguishers.
Carry
out
Hydro-
test at
25
Kg/cm2
for 2.5
minutes
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28. P.A.S.S. Method
Pull the pin
This will allow you to
squeeze the handle in
order to discharge the
extinguisher
Pull the pin
This will allow you to
squeeze the handle in
order to discharge the
extinguisher
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29. P.A.S.S. Method
Aim at the base of the
fire
Aiming at the middle will
do no good.
The agent will pass
through the flames.
Aim at the base of the
fire
Aiming at the middle will
do no good.
The agent will pass
through the flames.
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30. P.A.S.S. Method
Squeeze the handle
This will release the
pressurized
extinguishing agent
Squeeze the handle
This will release the
pressurized
extinguishing agent
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31. P.A.S.S. Method
Sweep side to side
Cover the entire area that
is on fire.
Continue until fire is
extinguished
Sweep side to side
Cover the entire area that
is on fire.
Continue until fire is
extinguished
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32. Thank You
FOR
Thank You
FOR
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