Obesity is characterized by excess body fat accumulation and increased disease risk. It is assessed using body mass index (BMI) and other measures. Obesity is correlated with increased risks of conditions like type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and some cancers. Treatment involves lifestyle modifications like calorie reduction and exercise, as well as potential pharmacologic or surgical options. Bariatric surgery is recommended for severe, morbid obesity and provides significant, sustained weight loss that can improve related health issues.

1. Treatment For Obesity
Prepared by:- Sonali Harsh Raj

2. OVERVIEW
• Obesity is a disorder of body weight regulatory systems characterized by an accumulation of
excess body fat
• As adiposity has increased, so has the risk of developing associated diseases, such as type 2
diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease, hypertension, cancer, and arthritis.

3. ASSESSMENT OF OBESITY
• Body mass index (BMI)
• Anatomic differences in fat deposition
• Biochemical differences in regional fat depots
• Size and number of fat cells

4. Body mass index (BMI)
• The BMI provides a measure of relative
weight, adjusted for height
• BMI ranges:
18,5-24,9 (healthy)
25-29,9 (overweight)
>30 obese
Over 40 (extremely obese)

5. Genetic contributions to obesity
• Biologic origin
Mutations

6. OBESITY AND HEALTH
• Obesity is correlated with an
increased risk of death and is a risk
factor for a number of chronic
conditions , including T2D,
dyslipidemias , hypertension, heart
disease, some cancers , gallstones
,arthritis , gout, pelvic floor disorders
(for example, urinary incontinence),
Non alcoholic fatty liver disease , and
sleep apnea

7. WEIGHT REDUCTION
A. Physical activity
B. Caloric restriction
C. Pharmacologic treatment
D. Surgical treatment

9. Lifestyle Modifications
• Caloric intake should be reduced by 500 to 1000 calories per day from
the current level.
• Daily food logs for 4-6 weeks
• Weekly weigh-in
• Increased physical activity
• Behavior modification

10. Pharmacologic treatment
• Orlistat (decreases absorption of dietary fat)
• Lorcaserin (promotes satiety)
• A combination of phentermine (suppresses appetite) and extended-release
topiramate (anticonvulsant)

12. Surgical treatment
• Gastric bypass and
restriction surgeries are
effective in causing weight
loss in severely obese
individuals . Through
mechanisms that remain
poorly understood, these
operations greatly improve
poor blood sugar control in
morbidly obese diabetic
individuals .

14. Treatment prescribed for Morbid Obesity

15. Bariatric & Metabolic Surgery
• For patients with
-BMI >35 with co-morbidities or
-BMI >40 without co-morbidities
• Provides medically significant sustained weight loss
• Involves alteration of the GI tract that affects cellular and molecular
signaling and leads to a physiological improvement in energy balance,
nutrients utilization, and metabolic disorders.
• Examined in many clinical studies for effects on weight and co-
morbidities