Several cases of men sexually abusing boys in Cambodia were reported in newspaper articles: 1. An American man, Tan Saravuth, was arrested multiple times in Cambodia between 2011-2016 for sexually abusing children as young as 4 years old. 2. In 2016, a chief monk in Siem Reap admitted to raping 10 boys. A 2008 study also found that boys were sexually abused and forced to perform sex acts at pagodas. 3. An American man, Johnson, who ran an orphanage in Phnom Penh was imprisoned in Cambodia between 2005-2013 for sexually abusing 5 boys in his care. He was on trial in the US for these crimes.

1. សាកលវិទ្យាល័យបញ្ញា សាស្រ្តកម្ពុជា
Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia (PUC)
Gender Studies
ジェンダー学
Homework 3: Gender and Sexualities
Prof. Kasumi Nakagawa
Som Oeurn Mao
ID: 135908 / GROUP 9
3

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Gender and Power by Kasumi May 11, 2018
1. What is the definition of Sexuality? Check UNFPA/UNESCO/WHO Website
and quote the UN definition.
Sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life encompasses
sex, gender identities and roles, sexual orientation, eroticism, pleasure,
intimacy and reproduction. Sexuality is experienced and expressed in
thoughts, fantasies, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviors, practices,
roles and relationships. While sexuality can include all of these dimensions,
not all of them are always experienced or expressed. Sexuality is influenced
by the interaction of biological, psychological, social, economic, political,
cultural, legal, historical, religious and spiritual factors. (WHO, 2006a).
2. What is the definition of Abortion? Check UNFPA/UNESCO/WHO Website
and quote the UN definition.
Abortion refers to when a pregnancy is ended or terminated (FPA, 2014).
And according to the definition of World Health Organization, they defined
that abortion is the pregnancy termination prior to 20 weeks' gestation or a
fetus born weighing less than 500g (WHO, 2006a).
3. What is LGBT? Quote from some reliable sources and accurately refer the
source.
LGBT stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and along with
heterosexual; they describe people's sexual orientation or gender identity
(Helpline, 2018).
4. How the biological sex affects how gender is created? (Your Personal
experience, not other’s or general view)
If we want to talk about “biological sex”, we refer to a label which was given
at birth based on medical factors, including our hormones, chromosomes,
and genitals. Most people are assigned male or female, and this is what’s put
on their birth certificates while “gender” is much bigger and more
complicated than assigned sex. Gender includes gender roles, which are the
expectations, behaviors, thoughts, and characteristics that go along with a
person’s assigned sex in the society (Parenthood, 2018). The question is
biological sex does affect gender or not, and the answer is most likely “yes”
depending on the culture, norm and perception they are living with. For
Instruction
 Read the textbook Chapter 1: Gendered perspective, Type your answer to
the questions below and submit your homework on 18 May.
 Avoid plagiarism.

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example, if a female student wants to study engineering or robotic subject in
the university, they might be come up with a lot of questions starting with
why, how and what you will do to cope with the heavy stuffs and how you
work in the heavy construction areas. While other women in developed
countries such as New Zealand that I used to see can work as engineer and
work in the heavy construction area smoothly, or they even can be drivers
who can drive the heavy buses as men.
5. When a married Cambodian couple cannot have a baby, it is often a wife who
is blamed that she cannot have a baby due to her problem in the reproductive
function. Why such a general perception (to blame women) is seen in
Cambodia Society?
When a married Cambodian couple cannot have a baby, a wife is often blamed
because of having no baby due to her problem in the reproductive function.
It probably has this perception in Cambodia and especially, in the rural or
remote areas until now, and this kind of perception is maybe caused by these
following factors: First, they more likely have low education, and they don’t
aware much of reproductive health whether man has this biological problem
or woman has this issue. Second one is because of the nurture they are living
in, or they more likely got influence from others. For example, when a man
who is a husband saw other men who treated their wives with this perception
in their village, he starts following their footprints and puts this blame on his
wife. Moreover, if that woman doesn’t have enough supports or lack of
supports from family, consequently, she will be automatically labeled with
this such perception. The last one is more likely because of Cambodian
culture which men used to lead and dominant women in all aspects of living,
so this perception is might be linked to the above issue; however, the
constitutional law of Cambodia states in article 31 that all men and women
have equal rights, the practical one has not been implemented 100% yet.
6. Some men prefer to have sex with small boys and that it is called sexual abuse
or sexual exploitation, or pedophile, which is a crime in many countries.
Those Criminals are found all over the world. Check web-site and read some
news articles, what kind of cases were reported in Cambodia? Not down date
article, tittle of article, name of authors and what are cases that are written in
the newspaper. Follow PUC plagiarism guideline.
There were many cases related to men preferring to have sex with small boys.
That is what we called sexual abuse or sexual exploitation or pedophile.
Bellows are just some of the cases which have happened in Cambodia so far.

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Case #1:
Sex abuse case shows holes in enforcement
In October 2011, Cambodian-American, Tan Saravuth, 47, was sentenced to
three months in prison in Siem Reap for his sexually abusing five children,
only to be rearrested two years later on new charges, which were dropped a
few months later. He was arrested again in August 2016 for allegedly sexually
abusing a 4-year-old boy ( Amaro & Kong, 2017).
Case #2:
Holy sin: child abuse in Cambodia’s Buddhist pagodas
In November, a chief monk of a rural pagoda in Siem Reap province admitted
to raping ten boys, and his sexually abusing children has been reported by
Cambodia’s English-language media (Hutt, 2016).
“I lived at the pagoda. There was a monk who mistreated
me,” a young boy told Alastair Hilton in his 2008
study, and the child also said he was made to perform sex
acts and even forced to eat excrement. “I didn’t dare tell
anyone. I didn’t want everybody to know. I was so
ashamed that someone had mistreated me.”
Case #3:
Man on Trial in US for Sex Abuse in Cambodia
An American man, Johnson, who served prison time in Cambodia for sexually
abusing five boys under the care of his Phnom Penh orphanage is currently
on trial in the U.S. for alleged crimes; he committed in Cambodia between
2005 and 2013 (Hawkins, 2017).

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References
Amaro & Kong. (2017, April 12). The Phnom Penh Post. Retrieved from
https://www.phnompenhpost.com:
https://www.phnompenhpost.com/national/sex-abuse-case-shows-
holes-enforcement
FPA. (2014, July). FPA. Retrieved from https://www.fpa.org.uk:
https://www.fpa.org.uk/sites/default/files/abortion-knowing-the-
facts.pdf
Hawkins, H. (2017, Jun 22). The Cambodia Daily. Retrieved from
https://www.cambodiadaily.com:
https://www.cambodiadaily.com/brief/man-on-trial-in-us-for-sex-
abuse-in-cambodia-131608/
Helpline, L. (2018). LGBT. Retrieved from http://www.lgbt.ie:
http://www.lgbt.ie/about/what-is-lgbt
Hutt, D. (2016, Feb 05). Southeast Asia Globe. Retrieved from http://sea-
globe.com: http://sea-globe.com/holy-sin-child-abuse-in-cambodias-
buddhist-pagodas/
Parenthood, P. (2018). Planned Parenthood. Retrieved from
https://www.plannedparenthood.org:
https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation-
gender/gender-gender-identity
WHO. (2006a). WHO. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int:
http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/70501/WHO_RHR_
HRP_10.22_eng.pdf;jsessionid=DCD65143BAAA31BF7D5B22618771F5
37?sequence=1