2. Which one of the following is not a feature of the new media? Digitality Interactivity Virtuality Uniformity
3. The view that the global media has led to the spread of Western cultural products across the globe creating a cultural empire undermining non-Western cultures is best described as which one of the following? Media saturation Media penetration Media imperialism Media globalization
4. Baudrillard argues that we now live in a media-saturated society in which media images dominate and distort our view of events and the world to such an extent that they are creating reality rather than merely reporting it. Which term does he use to describe this? Virtuality Satureality Hyperreality Simulacrity
5. Which one of the following best describes popular culture? Highly commercialized, mass produced, standardized cultural products aimed at consumption by the mass of ordinary people Cultural products that are so popular that they are seen as ‘set apart’ and ‘special’ and to be treated with respect and reverence Cultural products of the elite which are counterfeited and sold to the masses Cultural products that have wide popular appeal because they are regarded as being of lasting artistic or literary value
6. The media-generated culture industry, global advertising and marketing have contributed to the creation of which one of the following? High culture Cultural fragmentation Global culture Subculture
7. The phenomenon whereby most people around the world are exposed to American media and consumer products has been called which one of the following? Cocacolonization Globalization Pasteurization Hegemonization
8. Which one of the following is responsible for the regulation of media in the UK? Ofwat Ofcom Ofsted Ofgem
9. Which one of the following is not a feature of pluralist views on the media? The media will provide whatever is necessary to satisfy audience tastes and wishes The media reflect a wide range of different interests The media do not manipulate audiences, as audiences can pick and choose between the wide variety of choices on offer The media spread ideas which justify the power of the dominant social class
10. Which one of the following is not a feature of the manipulative or instrumental approach to the media? Media managers and journalists spread the dominant ideology because it seems to be a reasonable and sensible way of seeing the world Media managers and journalists spread the dominant ideology because they are told to do so by the media owners Media managers and journalists spread the dominant ideology because they depend on the owners for their jobs Media managers and journalists spread the dominant ideology because otherwise the owners will step in and censor their work
11. Which model of the effects of the media on audiences emphasizes the ways in which different audiences use the media to meet their needs? Hypodermic syringe model Two-step flow model Cultural effects model Uses and gratifications model
12. The selective filtering approach involves three aspects. Which one of the following is the exception? Selective perception Selective exposure Selective manipulation Selective retention
13. Which one of the following views does research on violence in the media mainly support? There is indisputable evidence that exposure to violence in the media causes violence in society There is indisputable evidence that exposure to violence in the media has no impact on violence in society There is indisputable evidence that exposure to media violence makes violence in society more acceptable There is little reliable and undisputed evidence on the effects of exposure to media violence on violence in society
14. The media’s influence in laying down the list of subjects for public discussion is known as which one of the following? Agenda-setting Norm-setting News values Hegemony
15. Journalists were guided by which one of the following when deciding what to report and how to present it? Gate-keeping Agenda-setting News values Norm-setting
16. A hierarchy of credibility is best described as which one of the following? Journalists find opinions become less credible as they interview people from lower down the social hierarchy Journalists attach the greatest importance to the views of those in positions of power Journalists assess the credibility of views against the hierarchy of news values they hold Journalists are part of a hierarchy within news organizations, and those lower down this hierarchy often produce less credible reports
17. Which one of the following best describes a moral panic? A widespread concern over declining moral standards in society A distorted view held by older people about the morality of the young A wave of public concern about some exaggerated or imaginary threat to society An individual or group posing an exaggerated or imaginary threat to society’s morals
18. Which one of the following reasons is most likely to explain the stigmatization of Muslims in Britain in the 2000s? The growing tendency of Muslim girls to adopt the Hijab Exaggerated media reporting and stereotyping of Muslims as extremists and terrorists as a result of the activities of a tiny minority of British Muslims The importance of Muslim religion and culture to British Muslims Many hold extremist religious views opposed to traditional British values
19. The symbolic annihilation of women in the media refers to which one of the following? The frequent presentation of women as murder victims in crime dramas The general tendency of the media to feature women in demeaning roles The removal of women from the media as they lose their youth The lack of visibility, under-representation and limited roles of women in media representations
20. Which one of the following broad representations of people with impairments is least likely to appear in the media? As criminals As ordinary people As powerless and pathetic As subhumans
