1. MARXISM

4. 'War on terror' was wrong The phrase gives a false idea of a unified global enemy, and encourages a primarily military reply Guardian 15/Jan/09 People were manipulated on the premise of Iraq having weapons of mass destruction that could be launched within 45 minutes

11. Neo-Marxist Marxist Pluralist

12. Ownership of media has become increasingly concentrated It is physically impossible for owners to have direct hands on control of the day to day running of organisations Do not see ownership and control as necessary or connected Media emphasises the power of hegemony – This ideology is spread because they accept it & believe it to be reasonable to do so. The Media Reinforces the dominant position of the ruling class in a capitalist society & affirms the patterns of power that exist . This creates an ‘ideological smokescreen’ that persuades the working class to accept their position The diversity of the mass media products, the different platforms for broadcasting & the range of pressures that influence the production of the media serve to ensure that ideological domination cannot take place Those who own the media will directly influence the content to reflect their interest. Owned & Controlled by the ruling class Journalist will go along with owners views as they depend on them for their jobs Owned by different organisations, regulated by government & content controlled by consumer choice Consumer choice will dictate content of media – all tastes catered for. Owners want profit –need an audience – so provide what the audience wants Journalist are socialised in the dominant ideology so therefore will reflect the values of the ruling class Journalists have independence & are not manipulated by the owners Controlled by Journalists

13. Neo-Marxist Media emphasises the power of hegemony – This ideology is spread because they accept it & believe it to be reasonable to do so. Controlled by Journalists Journalist are socialised in the dominant ideology so therefore will reflect the values of the ruling class Journalists have independence & are not manipulated by the owners Owned & Controlled by the ruling class Owned by different organisations , regulated by government & content controlled by consumer choice Owners want profit –need an audience – so provide what the audience wants Those who own the media will directly influence the content to reflect their interest. Journalist will go along with owners views as they depend on them for their jobs Consumer choice will dictate content of media – all tastes catered for. Marxist Pluralist The diversity of the mass media products, the different platforms for broadcasting & the range of pressures that influence the production of the media serve to ensure that ideological domination cannot take place The Media Reinforces the dominant position of the ruling class in a capitalist society & affirms the patterns of power that exist . This creates an ‘ideological smokescreen’ that persuades the working class to accept their position