- Testers played levels of a mobile game app called "Build It! Bronzeville" that allows users to guide development in their neighborhood.
- 6 testers participated in one-on-one tests using their own devices. They provided feedback on gameplay, graphics, incentives to spend locally or check-in at businesses.
- While some enjoyed the community-building aspect, most found the tutorials lacking and wanted clearer goals and explanations of game mechanics like money generation. Sharing receipts raised privacy concerns for some.
Connector Corner: Accelerate revenue generation using UiPath API-centric busi...
CUTGroup 10 - Build it! Bronzeville Final Report
1. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
1
Overview:
For our tenth Civic User Testing session, we tested the Build It! Bronzeville app, which is a mobile game
app that uses GIS technology to help residents guide development in their neighborhood as they
complete quests (i.e. enhance safety, visual appeal, and foot traffic).
Target Group:
On June 20, 2014, we sent out an e-mail to all of our 764 CUTGroup participants. We asked them if
they would be willing to test a neighborhood game app on June 25, 2014. When segmenting for our
testers we were interested in:
• Android device users due to this test being in alpha testing stage and only available on Android
devices
• A mixed group for all areas of Chicago, but with a focus of testers from around the Bronzeville
area
• We were interested in having testers who play games, but were open to testers who did not
play games regularly to gauge interest in the community element of Build it! Bronzeville
Test Type:
• One-on-one proctor tests
• Testers used their own devices and answered questions proctors asked via a form
Questions:
How do users play games? How frequently?
How would users feel about registering?
How do people want to contribute in the game (check-ins/receipts)? Is there any hesitation with
privacy when users are asked to share receipts?
Do users see a community impact from this game? Do users enjoy this element? Is community
involvement important to their game play?
Are they having fun?
2. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
2
Results:
6 testers participated in this CUTGroup test and gave us their feedback. Below are highlights from all of
the questions.
Note: 1 tester, MBA Girl (#4) was unable to get the app to work on her device and could not
participate in all of the questions.
About You Responses
What type of device are you using for this test?
Here is a list of devices used during this test:
Music Lover (#1): Samsung Galaxy 3 Mini
Nathalie (#2): Moto X
Casual gamer (#3): HTC MyTouch
MBA Girl (#4): Samsung S4
Spoung45 (#5): Samsung Note 3
(Note: This device did not work, and tester used developer’s device to test app)
Telephober (#6): Galaxy Ring
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live
in?
67% (4) - Multiple times in one week
17% (1) - Once a week
17% (1) - Once a month or less
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
3 out of 6 testers mentioned convenience being the main reason to shop.
2 out of 6 testers mentioned cost.
1 tester chose to shop based on variety of goods.
What games do you play on your mobile device?
2 out of 6 testers mentioned they like to play puzzle games. Here are some of the games that testers
mentioned: Threes, Piano Tiles, Farmers vs. Zombies, Candy Crush, Angry Birds, Mobile Defense.
1 tester, Music Lover (#1), said they do not play any games on their mobile device.
3. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
3
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
67% (4) – Everyday
17% (1) – 3-5 days a week
17% (1) – Never
Out of the 4 testers who play games every day, 3 mentioned that they play as a time killer, and usually
when they commute.
What makes you choose a particular game?
3 out of 6 testers choose a game based on if it is fun or “addictive.” Testers gave a lot of responses that
included: ease of use on commute, how much battery life is used, social connection, price, and whether
or not it is popular from others’ reviews.
Do you connect with social media on mobile games?
50% (3) - Yes
50% (3) - No
Why or why not?
Here are a couple of reasons testers decide to connect or not connect to social media:
Telephober (#6) likes to connect with social media because she likes to connect with friends
who play the same games.
MBA Girl (#4) does not connect with social media because she is concerned about privacy,
and does not want the app to post about her game play.
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
3 out of 6 testers decide to stop playing a game when there is nothing new or challenging in the game,
and it becomes boring. 1 tester mentioned that they stop playing games when “characters are too kiddy
and dumb.”
Was it easy to sign up?
MBA Girl (#4) could not get the app to work.
Out of testers that could continue the test 100% (5) thought that signing up on the app was easy.
Why or why not?
While testers thought it was very easy to sign up, 2 testers made some suggestions to improve the app:
4. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
Music Lover (#1) wanted the text to be bigger, and wished she could see the password as she
typed in order to know she was entering it correctly.
Telephober (#6) says “It would be nicer if it looked better instead of being a popup.”
4
On the homepage, what is the first thing you do?
100% (5) – Click “Play”
Any reason?
Nathalie (#2) says “If there’s no tutorial, I just try to figure it out on my own.
Casual Gamer (#3) and Telephober (#6) says that they chose this option because “it’s right
there.”
Music Lover (#1) and Spoung45 (#5) both had trouble with the homepage since the
keyboard got stuck open after signing up. Spoung45 was successful in removing it only by
pressing the back button on his phone to get out of the game.
Choose “Level Select,” click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
3 out of 5 testers who played Level 1 felt like they did not get enough context:
Music Lover (#1) is not normally a gamer, and she did not think that the level was very
intuitive. She wanted to see a goal from the very beginning. Here are some of the questions she
asked during the first level: “Why am I building buildings?” “[Do I] build a building to make a
neighborhood better?” she was also not sure what the colored icons stood for.
Casual Gamer (#3) did not think the tutorial is explanatory enough, and wanted to see a help
option. He was interested in finding out how to get money and other special rewards.
Telephober (#6) wanted to have a better explanation of building names. For example, she
wanted to know what Mickey’s is and what it does within game. Telephober had a hard time
with the first level, and the app froze twice.
3 out of 5 testers had difficulties with the display and clicking on the vacant lots. The vacant lots would
not pop up once they were clicked for testers Casual Gamer (#3), Spong45 (#5), and Telephober
(#6). Telephober wants the ability to rotate the screen or zoom in on levels.
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
3 out of 5 testers built buildings based on community needs. For example, Music Lover (#1)
chose to put a firehouse next to a restaurant in case there is a fire. Spong45 (#5) chose
grocery stores because they are needed in a neighborhood.
5. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
5
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Nathalie (#2) thought the graphic were “kind of cute” and it reminded her of the game, Roller
Coaster Tycoon.
Casual Gamer (#3) said that the lots that were behind buildings were hard to tap. “It was
cheesy, but ok.”
The rest of the testers thought that they looked ok or good, but noted that the graphics were
basic and simple.
Go to Level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
2 out of 5 testers started to understand more about the games and the levels:
Music Lover (#1) noticed that money and people numbers were increasing. She also came
across the fact that she could move the view and find more lots. Only a couple of testers were
aware that you could move the screen around.
Nathalie (#2) had a lot of her questions from the first level answered in this second level. She
noticed that she needed to get her neighborhood beauty level up to 25, and she noticed the
other menu options this level. Nathalie also saw that she was getting more money, but was not
sure how the money was being generated. Overall, she completed the level easily.
3 out of 5 testers wanted a better explanation or tutorial for this level.
Casual Gamer (#3) was not sure what was needed to accomplish in this level. He was not
aware that you could switch building menu screens. He also wanted a better understanding of
how to earn money, and wanted a tutorial to carefully guide him through all of the information.
Spoung45 (#4) easily built buildings on this level, but quickly ran out of money. He was going
to wait until the money generated before building the next building. He was not sure how
money was generated, and never got to the gem store on his own.
Telephober (#6) did not see the level completion details for this level. Telephober
compared this level’s graphics to the game, Cityville. Telephober wants the buildings better
explained and the cost of each building to be more realistic.
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
2 out of 5 testers were not sure clear what the icons represented, and 1 of these testers, Music Lover
(#1) thought that resources and amenities are more important than the businesses represented in this
game.
Here are some other responses:
Nathalie (#1): Red = Attractiveness, Blue = Public Safety, Green = Walkability (foot traffic to
areas of commerce)
Casual Gamer (#3): Police, hospital, schools
6. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
6
Telephober (#6): Blue = Safety, Green = Nature, Eye = Beauty
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
4 out 5 testers mentioned that they liked the graphics on level 2 better than the graphics on level 1. 2 of
these testers mentioned that the graphics are more “realistic.” 2 testers also mentioned that it looks
like “a game version of Google maps.”
Spoung45 (#5) mentioned that even though the level has better graphics, “what you build still
looks simple and basic.”
Nathalie (#2) thinks the lots are really unattractive – “I saw those as place that needed
improving the most.”
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
Level 3 was the first level where the gem store was introduced to testers, although it was a feature
accessible in earlier levels. Here are a few things testers pointed our during level 3:
Nathalie (#2) had a strong understanding of the purpose of the level, and starts off trying to
build a fire department of police department to add to the safety, but noticed they were
expensive. She started to build salons in order to generate money quicker. Nathalie did not get
to the gem store quickly, and thought there was a lot of waiting to do. It would be best to bring
up the gem store as soon as the user runs out of money.
Casual Gamer (#3) wanted more encouragement for the player to know what to do during
the level. He wanted to know how to get more money, and see more options for buildings.
Spoung45 (#5) saw the gem store in an earlier level (2), and tried to send a picture but the
app would get stuck and not complete this action. Spoung45 thinks the goal of the level is to
make a nicer neighborhood/community to live in.
Telephober (#6) noticed that this level is “bigger” (more lots) than the other levels. There
was not enough information to lead her to the gem store.
Would you share receipts by taking photos in order to get gems?
60% (3) – Yes
40% (2) – No
Why or why not?
Here are responses from testers who said, “Yes” they were open to sharing receipt information.
Telephober (#6) liked that it explains what sharing receipts helps the community and thinks
that it is “totally worth it.”
Nathalie (#2) was open to sharing receipts, but wanted to know more about the process
7. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
7
Here are responses from testers who said “No” they would not be willing to share receipts:
Music Lover (#1) had difficulties due to the app getting stuck on sending data when it took a
photo. Music Lover also said that this in-game benefit is “not fair” because it is about individual
habits, and if kids want to play they would not have receipts for this benefit.
Casual Gamer (#3) think it’s a “weird” option, and does not like the idea.
Would you check-in at local business to get in-game benefits?
80% (4) – Yes
20% (1) – No
Why or why not?
2 out of 5 testers said “Yes” they would check-in at local businesses to get in-game benefits
because they are already FourSquare users and are familiar with checking in on a regular basis. 1
tester, Spoung45 (#5), thinks this option is a “little easier” than sharing receipts.
Telephober (#6) said “No” because she usually plays games on trains. She thinks she might be
more inclined to use the check-in feature if going to a sit-down restaurant.
Do you normally keep receipts on you?
100% (5) – Yes
0% - No
From what you know about these levels, how you would describe this game to
your friend?
Music Lover (#1) would describe this game as “Edutainment – Educating and entertaining at
the same time.” Music Lover thinks this game could prompt someone to think about
neighborhood and about it does or doesn’t have.” She would be interested in seeing what
resources some neighborhoods have, and how neighborhoods are interconnected.
Casual Gamer (#3) referred to it as a “Chicago-based Catan type game.”
Spoung45 (#5) refers to a game called “Mobility” and describes it as “kind of like Farmville but
you can build buildings like urban planning.”
Telephober (#6) says “It’s like you’re going through the parts of the neighborhood, and you’re
fixing it up on the way. It’s like your build it bob in the city.”
8. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
8
Did you think these levels were fun?
80% (4) – Yes
20% (1) – No
Why or why not?
Here are responses from testers who said “Yes” these levels were fun:
Music Lover (#1) thinks that the context draws you in, and would be interesting to those
interested in urban planning.
Nathalie (#2) says this game reminds her of other games such as Roller Coaster Tycoon, and
Civilization. Nathalie does not comment that “The levels were sort of limiting… there’s not
really a feedback loop from citizens.” She is not sure if she wants “Civilization level detail” on her
phone, but “would like to know if residents are happy with two salons on the same block.
Spoung45 (#4) thinks everything is pretty basic, and likes games that “grow as you go” and
tutorials are good at the beginning but likes to figure things out.
Telephober (#6) likes this game because it offers an addictive building exercise. She wanted
some of the pieces of the city to decay, so she can keep coming back and playing.
Here are the responses from 1 tester who said “No”:
Casual Gamer (#3) did not think the levels were “understandable” or complete. He needs
better guidelines and motivation.
This game wants to reward players with gems by spending at local businesses.
Does that make you more inclined to play the game?
60% (3) – Yes
40% (2) – No
Why or why not?
Here are some responses from testers who said “Yes”:
Music Lover (#1) was interested in this part of the game, and wanted to know “How do we
define local? How do chains fit in?” Music Lover wants there to be a bigger benefit for more
local stores vs. chain stores.
Nathalie (#2) is “always a little more motivated for real life consequences” and has never had
an in-app purchase.
Here are some responses from testers who said “No”:
Casual Gamer (#3) does not like the idea of sharing receipts with someone else.
9. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
Spoung45 (#5) is not as interested because of the neighborhood, but likes the idea of having a
strong connection to Chicago overall.
9
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Music Lover (#1) was curious as to why the game was set in Bronzeville. She always wanted
to see how neighborhoods interact with each other and how money might be taken from one
neighborhood to another.
Nathalie (#2) wanted to know more about the Bronzeville area, and to know whether or not
these were actual blocks in Bronzeville. If so, she thought it would be better to see actual
landmarks.
Casual Gamer (#3) really dislikes the receipt part of this game, and thinks that the game
creators should “get rid of the creep receipt scanning issues.” He is also interested in more of a
story behind the levels and the games. He is more interested in making money in the game as
opposed to helping the community.
Spoung45 (#5) is not sure in what ways to improve the game. He wanted an option to sell
buildings.
Telephober (#6) wants to add mini-games.
Both Nathalie (#2) and Telephober (#6) wanted to know if the game kept running in the
background, and if they would keep raising money.
Do you like the CUTGroup?
100% (5) – Yes
0% - No
Did you like this CUTGroup test?
80% (4) – Yes
20% (1) - No
Anything else to add?
Here are some responses from our testers:
Music Lover (#1) said that “Anything that has a purpose, function, benefit… if I can input ideas
I am interested in doing that”
Nathalie (#2) said that these tests “Make me a little more self-reflective user of apps on my
phone.”
Telephober (#6) would like to know when the app is finished, and added that she liked the
logo.
10. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
Conclusions
How do users play games? How frequently?
We learned that the majority of testers play games on a daily basis, and normally play while they are
commuting. On average, testers had 3 game apps on their mobile devices. Two testers mentioned they
like to play puzzle games, while other games that were mentioned include: Threes, Piano Tiles, Farmers
vs. Zombies, Candy Crush, Angry Birds.
Only 1 tester mentioned that they do not play any games on their mobile device due to a lack of time.
When we asked testers if they liked to connect to social media, 3 testers (50%) said they connect with
social media on mobile games, while the other 3 testers (50%) chose not to. Privacy was a main reason
to not connect with social media, since testers do not want the app to post about game play on those
outlets.
3 out of 6 testers (50%) mentioned that they stop playing a game when there is nothing new or
challenging in the game.
10
How do users feel about registering?
Two testers had problems connecting to the game on their app – MBA Girl (#4) was using a Samsung
S4, while Spoung45 (#5) was using a Samsung Note 3. Spoung45 used the developer’s device to
complete the test.
All of the testers (5) who were able to complete the test thought that signing up on the app was easy.
There were three recommendations from testers to make signing up easier or better:
• Text should be bigger
• Password should be seen as she types and change to symbols
• It would look better to be embedded in the screen rather than being a pop-up
After registering, two testers had an issue with their keyboard remaining stuck on the screen and having
to close the app and restart.
How do users want to contribute in the game (check-ins/receipts)? Is there any
hesitation with privacy when users are asked to share receipts?
Testers prefer to contribute to the game by checking in at local businesses versus taking photos of the
receipts.
3 out of 5 testers (60%) said they would share receipts by taking photos. 1 testers who did not want to
share receipts thought this was a “weird” option, while another tester did not think this benefit was fair
due to individual habits and if youth want to play they might have receipts to share.
All of the testers said they normally keep their receipts on them.
11. CUTGroup 10 – Build it! Bronzeville
In-person Test on June 25, 2014
11
4 out of 5 testers (80%) would check-in at local businesses to get in-game benefits. Both testers who
would not share receipts were willing to check-in at local businesses. 1 tester who did not want to
contribute by checking in said it was because she normally plays games in transit.
Do users see a community impact from this game? Do users enjoy this element? Is
community involvement important to their game play?
The majority of testers liked the community improvement element of the game, but 2 testers wanted
more context about why the game is set in Bronzeville and an understanding if the game levels match
real, existing Bronzeville blocks.
“I always wanted to see how neighborhoods interact with each other and how money might be taken
from one neighborhood to another.” – Music Lover (#1)
When Telephober (#6) saw the description for sharing receipts, she thought that sharing receipts would
be “totally worth it” since it “helps the community.”
Nathalie (#2), wanted not only to contribute to what gets built in a neighborhood but also hear
feedback from residents:
“The levels were sort of limiting… there’s not really a feedback loop from citizens… I would like to
know if residents are happy with two salons on the same block.”
3 out of 5 testers (60%) said they would be more inclined to play the game if players are rewarded by
spending at local businesses. Casual Gamer (#3) really disliked the receipt part of this game, and thought
that the developers should “get rid of the creepy receipt scanning issues.” Casual gamer is interested in a
story behind the levels and making money in the game versus to helping the community.
When testers were asked what they decided to build, 3 out of 5 testers (60%) built building based on
community needs.
By adding more context to each level about the neighborhood in connection with other neighborhoods
through Chicago, and an understanding of real lot vacancies in the neighborhood would provide users a
well-rounded understanding of each level and the purpose of the game in general.
Are users having fun?
4 out of 5 testers (80%) thought the levels were fun, and were reminded of other games such as
Cityville and Roller Coaster Tycoon. Testers preferred more realistic graphics seen in level 2 over the
very basic and simple graphics in level 1.
Music Lover (#1) describes this game as “Edutainment – Educating and entertaining at the same time.”
She likes that this game could prompt someone to think about their neighborhood and about what it
does and doesn’t have.
12. Tester #:
1
Tester Profile (given by tester):
Music lover
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
Samsung Galaxy 3 mini
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
Once a week
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
Convenience
What games do you play on your mobile device?
None
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
None
What makes you choose a particular game?
Don't have time
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
No
Why or why not?
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
Don't have time
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Yes
Why or why not?
Text a little small; would be nice to see the password as you are type
13. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Click "Play"
Any reason?
Home page got stuck with keyboard
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
Not sure about where the first level is, did not notice the 1 to start playing. More context, not a gamer
but did not see the intuitive. Wanted to see goal. "Build a building a neighborhood better" "Why am I
building buildings? Not sure what to do here --could not see lots. Not sure what the colored icons
stand for "not enough money" is spelled incorrectly (spelled enouch) did not notice the money at the
top of the screen Like the tutorials about gems and gem stores (gives context) -- thinks would draw
more people in -- one of the first things you saw: it's easy to do -- biased in urban studies "your leaders"
- representatives might be better
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
Built things based on what she thought was important in the neighborhood-- what a community needs--
firehouse next to a restaurant (in case there is a fire)
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Basic, simple -- did not get sense that had to fill the entire block to complete that part of the
neighborhood "Why am I doing this?"
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
Lots of lots for sale "Where is the best place to build?" "Now I see what the badges are about" Had
trouble clicking the lots that were clustered (few different times on this level) Very thoughtful --
thinking about money she has and the various benefits Could move the screen -- found more lots!
Noticed that money and people numbers were increasing "I don't know why that is happening" "How
do I earn more money?" -- remembers reading something but not sure about the gem connecting
turning into money Do a good deed = you get resources -- pay it forward, prosperity pass, karma kit
Community center, library: non-revenue generating to take photos of a pass What is Mickey's? --
restaurant, diner Things purpose of game is to make people thing are more civic minded Building the
block as you want to see it
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
Icons were not understood at the beginning in level 1 During tutorial: did not agree, did not see many
businesses when arriving Before talking about aesthetics, safeties and sustainability being important
Resources and amenities is very important Challenges in building in Bronzeville
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
Much better - game version of Google maps where you can see the buildings
14. Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
Saw gem store tutorial in first level
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
No
Why or why not?
Got stuck on sending data when accidentally took a photo; "It's not
fair" --it's about individual habits, exception if family had kids wanted
to play
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
Yes
Why or why not?
Belly, yelp and other check-ins, brag about where you are; "Our
neighborhood, our business wants to help you and the neighborhood"
Do you normally keep receipts on you?
Yes
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
Edutainment - Educating and entertaining at the same time Could prompt someone to think about
their neighborhood and about what it has and doesn't have "Adopt a neighborhood" - resource rich
neighborhoods how neighborhoods are interconnected
Did you think these levels
were fun?
Yes
Why or why not?
Context draws you in Urban planning interest Might play again
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game? Yes
Why or why not?
How do we define local? How do chains fit in? Points for chain vs
local store
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Screen had a number 1, why did we choose this spot? Let's take a look at your neighborhood Fun to
do own neighborhood, play game Interested in how neighborhoods interact with each other and take
15. money to other neighborhoods Graphic from that area is reflective Wanted to see a cartoon version
of google maps to know what is already there Transit stops, "pressure representatives"
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Yes
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Yes
Anything else to add?
"Anything that has a purpose, function, benefit... if I can input ideas I
am interested in doing that."
2014-06-25 17:22:41
16. Tester #:
2
Tester Profile (given by tester):
Nathalie
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
Moto X
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
Multiple times in one week
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
Combination of my exp in those shops and value
What games do you play on your mobile device?
Threes, Panio Tiles (puzzle games and relaxing zen games)
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
A lot, 3-5 days a week
What makes you choose a particular game?
Ease of use on commute, how much I enjoy the game, how much battery life it uses up
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
Yes
Why or why not?
I used to, I don't play any games right now that requires that
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
If I'm hitting a point where there's nothing new or challenging
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Yes
Why or why not?
Really easy,
17. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Click "Play"
Any reason?
If there's no tutorial, i just try to figure it out on my own
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
MLK/Pershing Rd complete... I noticed right away that the display isn't optimized for my screen. When I
was trying to build by buildings wasn't quite facing where I thought I could tap to select them. Now I'm
seeing them fine. I finished the level pretty easy, but now i see I have money.
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
I built a grocery store because it was the top one, I don't know what Mickey's is - a liquor store. Didn't
notice the little numbers on the bottom changed or not.
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
They're kinda cute. I'm curious to see what more there is. I think it reminds me of roller coaster tycoon.
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
(I have to log in again) Cool, I'm going to have those numbers explained to me that I was wondering
about before. I see I need to get my neighborhood beauty level up to 25. I see a new menu that I
hadn't noticed before. (Like the arts, parks, city facilities. Because they were faded out I didn't notice
them. If they were brighter, I might have noticed them more. I'm going to go big and do a chalk for
peace. I have 12 to go, so I'll do 3 modern statues. (She noticed she's getting more money, but isn't sure
what's generating it) Alright, I made it to 25 beauty points... Like that the tutorial took me through
the 3 areas.. I like that I could see that I had a budget, what things would cost. I thought it was pretty
easy. There wasn't too much variation for the choices I could make (if I really wanted to get as much
beauty points since there were only a few options.. I wouldn't have clicked around to non-arts things)
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
(I was thinking it was pink) Red = Attractiveness Blue = Public Safety Green = Walkabiity (foot
traffic to areas of commerce.. which I didn't think about but it does make sense.)
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
The lots looked really unattractive - I saw those as placing needed improving the most. I think they fit
with what I saw on level one.
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
Starting with 3, 5, and 9...(it cuts off) (She's looking around at options, a lot of vacant land but not all
that unattractive) It looks like a Fire Department or Police Department would really add to safety,
18. but they're really expensive. I'm just going to put a CPD in for now. (It already looks like I'm making
more money putting down the CPD.) The salon graphic looks like it's facing the other building, not
sure if people can get to it. (Puts down grocery store.. but doesn't have enough $) I put another
salon so that I can make more money more quickly. (Noticed that it was generating income pretty
quick.) (Has to wait for cash inflow.) Wants to zoom out but can't. (She wants to see everything all at
once.) (Realizes that if she waits for 5k, she can build the Mickeys first.) (She asks if this runs in a
background? So, if I shut it off will I still make more money?) [This process takes a bit. She decides to
build another Mickeys to make money come in more quickly) (Once that's done, she'll put in the Chalk
for Peace) Improvements: There's a lot of waiting that I have to do. If there were something else I
could be doing while waiting for funding that would be good. I keep wanting to tap on the orange
people meter to see how it's changing (she's expecting it to do something) (She buys Police
Department) Now's she's broke again. She realizes she still doesn't have a grocery store. [Testers
note: this would have been a good time to bring up gems in-test.] (Buys a park as soon as she gets
enough money, she's just a little bit off from her goal... she's 1 off) Just now noticed the gem store
after trying to buy something w/o enough fun.
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
Yes
Why or why not?
I mean, I would be curious to see how long the verification take place,
is it an automated process? Hows it verified? I'd want to see how it
works in higher up levels. I don't know if there's much more to do in
the game. Not getting resident feedback
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
Yes
Why or why not?
I already am a regular foursquare user, I think I would
Do you normally keep receipts on you?
Yes
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
Note: She only keeps work receipts, if she was doing this for the game - she'd take a picture then toss
the receipt. I'm in a real life neighborhood (she's from Logan Sqaure). "Its up to you to decide where
things go. I don't know if I'm the Alderman or the Developer of if there's a particular role I'm playing. It's
a game where you are developing the community. (Not sure if she has to go to Bronzeville to use the
receipts to unlock new things.)
Did you think these levels
were fun?
Yes
Why or why not?
Reminds me a lot of Roller Coaster Tycoon, Civilization. Has always
liked building games, like to see the numbers move up. The levels
19. were sort of limiting... there's not really a feedback loop from
citizens. Not sure I'd want super Civilization level detail on my phone,
but would like to know if residents are happy with 2 salons on the
same block.
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game? Yes
Why or why not?
I think I'm always a little more motivated for real life consequences -
has never had an in-app purchase. Felt bad if she pays to unlock a
level or cheat through the level. The other thing that comes to mind
is the level up app. I've only used it once or twice.. not enough reason
to use it w/o some discount system.
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Tapping the gem thing and people thing to see what they were. I was expecting something. I'd be curious
to see be able to navigate the whole area. (I think I took a picture and I encountered a bug) I
thought the startup was really easy - I still want to know if it runs in the background. (Would wait a few
days to get a big amount of money.) I'm not sure if I'd like notifications or not. Not sure what else..
Wonders if these are actual blocks in Bronzeville? Would be cool to see the actual landmarks.
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Yes
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Yes
Anything else to add?
"Made me a little more self-reflective user of apps on my phone. I've
done a couple of email ones. I like being part of it.)
2014-06-25 18:03:43
20. Tester #:
3
Tester Profile (given by tester):
casual gamer
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
HTC MyTouch
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
Multiple times in one week
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
conveinence
What games do you play on your mobile device?
farmers vs zombies, wordputs
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
everyday, time killer
What makes you choose a particular game?
Social connection,
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
Yes
Why or why not?
Social interaction
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
They're really dumb. Characters are too kiddy and dumb.
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Yes
Why or why not?
3 steps of easiness
21. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Click "Play"
Any reason?
Because it's there and it's telling him to
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
Level 1 tutorial is really tiny. Building menu not popping up when he taps the brown lands. He wishes it
remembered the login information instead of having to log in each time he enters the app. Tutorial isn't
explanatory enough. Needs a help option! Have a tutorial more pronounced and what's the point to
be explained. He wants to know how you get coins and special rewards. Needs better explanation of
the tutorial levels.
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
Only had 3 choices, so he picked two of the three.
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Hard to tap, the lots were behind buildings. It was cheesy, but ok.
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
Needs a better explanation of what's happening and what you need to accomplish in each level. Level 2
froze his phone again. He needed to force close it to restart it. Needed to force close the app.
Tutorials don't explain that you can switch building menu screens. Wants to know how you are
earning money. He wants the tutorials to carefully guide him through all of the information at the
beginning. Needs more context of what to do.
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
Police, hospital, schools
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
Looks like google maps minimized. Likes the realistic view better than the level 1 graphics.
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
He would like to see more encouragement for the player to know what to keep doing for the level. He
would like to know how he's getting more money. He'd like more options for building.
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
Why or why not?
It's just weird. Doesn't like the idea
22. No
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
Yes
Why or why not?
Because he already uses four-square and is comfortable with that type
of action.
Do you normally keep receipts on you?
Yes
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
Chicago based catan type game.
Did you think these levels
were fun?
No
Why or why not?
They weren't really understandable. Not fully complete. He wouldn't
use it as is. It would be better if it worked on his phone. Needs
better guidelines and motivation.
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game? No
Why or why not?
Doesn't like the idea of sharing receipts with someone else.
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Get rid of the creepy receipt scanning issues. It needs more story behind the levels and game itself.
Tutorials made him feel like he was working against himself. Cares more about making money in the
game as opposed to helping the community.
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Yes
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Yes
Anything else to add?
Would like better follow up for when the apps are launched or
moving along down the line.
24. Tester #:
4
Tester Profile (given by tester):
MBA Girl
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
Samsung S4
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
Once a month or less
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
More variety, more things to choose from, the brands
What games do you play on your mobile device?
Car games, flappy bird, candy crush
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
everyday (commuting, breaks in between classes)
What makes you choose a particular game?
I look at it to see if it's popular or not ( and the prices)
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
No
Why or why not?
Privacy (Doesn't like the app posting)
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
Get tired of it.
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
No
Why or why not?
App non-functional
25. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
N/A
Any reason?
N/A
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
(Had difficulty getting game to come up.) Samsung =! phone
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
N/A
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
N/A
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
N/A
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
N/A
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
N/A
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
N/A
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
N/A
Why or why not?
n/A
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
N/A
Why or why not?
N/A
26. Do you normally keep receipts on you?
N/A
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
N/A
Did you think these levels
were fun?
N/A
Why or why not?
N/A
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game? N/A
Why or why not?
N/A
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
N/A
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Yes
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Yes
Anything else to add?
Game would not work - Ended Test
2014-06-25 18:46:33
27. Tester #:
5
Tester Profile (given by tester):
Spoung45
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
Samsung Note 3 did not work -- now using Josh's device
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
Multiple times in one week
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
Close
What games do you play on your mobile device?
Angry birds, mobile defense, metal slug
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
Everyday train on transit
What makes you choose a particular game?
Fun
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
No
Why or why not?
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
Tired of it - gets boring
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Yes
Why or why not?
N/a
28. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Click "Play"
Any reason?
Keyboard was stuck but back button worked to remove it
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
Briefly read directions, built buildings immediately Had trouble clicking the vacant lot, didn't pop up first
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
Need grocery stores in a neighborhood
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Looks good, basic and classic graphics old computer game style - fall out
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
Moves through the screen Finds other items to select "I live a block away from a Jewel" Police station
next to grocery store Pays attention to the money and chooses item based on cash value Runs out of
money -- checks to see if money goes up. Feel like you have to wait. Patient person Directed him to
choose establishment to get to gem store
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
Tutorial was implemented in this version. Thoroughly read through first two icons but not third.
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
Buildings have better graphics, but what you build looks simple and basic
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
Reached Gem store in level 2 because ran out of money. Continues to send... got stuck Likes the
receipt... "better than kids buying thousands of dollars on the app" Thinks the goal of the level is to
make a nicer neighborhood/community to live in References game, "Mobility" to make game run as
efficiently
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
Yes
Why or why not?
"Sure"
Would you check-in at local Why or why not?
29. businesses to get in-game
benefits?
Yes
it's a little easier
Do you normally keep receipts on you?
Yes
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
Refs game "Mobility" Kind of like farmville, but build buildings like urban planning
Did you think these levels
were fun?
Yes
Why or why not?
Probably Sort of, wishes money would raise Everything is pretty
basic Likes games that grow as you go, "tutorials are good at the
beginning" but tries to figure things out
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game? No
Why or why not?
Not very interested because of neighborhood, might not be
connected to the spending Likes the idea of having a stronger
connection to a neighborhood or Chicago
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Not sure Change something, sell a building if something has worked out Would be interested in
unlocking more buildings More of retro gamer... classic game
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Yes
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Yes
Anything else to add?
Not really
2014-06-25 18:56:34
30. Tester #:
6
Tester Profile (given by tester):
Telephober
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
Galaxy Ring
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
Multiple times in one week
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
cheap
What games do you play on your mobile device?
puzzles/ brain teasers/ rpg
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
everyday
What makes you choose a particular game?
addictiveness
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
Yes
Why or why not?
for my friends who play the same games
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
when too much time has elapsed
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Yes
Why or why not?
It would be nicer if it looked better instead of a popup
31. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Click "Play"
Any reason?
It was right there.
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
Would like to rotate the screen or zoom in for the levels. First level didn't work at all, froze the app
more than twice. Wants mickey's to tell her what it does. Better explanation of building names.
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
She was thinking about what the community needed instead of gameplay elements.
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Looked okay for an alpha version of the game. Looked like monopoly houses.
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
Wish she could build grass or change the tiles to a different bottom. Would like to rotate the map as an
option. Didn't see the level completion details for this level. Understands the population graphic and
money graphic. She's pretty excited about the game, she wishes there were people walking around.
Thinks its a lot like cityville. Wants a better explanation of what the stores are. She thinks about
placement in relation to other buildings when she places new buildings. She wants the tiles of the game
to respond to touches more efficiently. The cost of each building should be relatively realistic.
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
Blue = safety, green = nature, eye = beauty
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
Level 2 looks like the city, semi-realistic, and she likes that it looks like this. She prefers this version of
graphics as opposed to level 1 graphics. Wants to know why the background is black instead of some
other realistic colors or a map of what block you're looking at.
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
It's bigger than the other levels already. First thing she likes to do is get safety of each level up. Not
enough information to lead her to the gem store.
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
Why or why not?
It explains what it does to help the community and she thinks that its
32. Yes totally worth it!
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
No
Why or why not?
Usually plays games on trains. If she is going to a sit-down restaraunt
then she would be more inclined to use the check-in feature.
Do you normally keep receipts on you?
Yes
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
It's like you're going through the parts of the neighborhood, and it's like you're fixing it up on the way.
It's like you're build it bob in the city.
Did you think these levels
were fun?
Yes
Why or why not?
It's because it offers an addictive building excercise. Doesn't want it
to drain the battery. Wants pieces of the city to decay. Change the
placement of where the buttons are, move the three buttons on the
bottom to the top. She needs a reason to keep coming back. If it
decays she'd come back and play again.
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game? Yes
Why or why not?
She likes that it's asking what you want in your community just by
taking pictures of receipts.
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Add different parts of gameplay, add mini-games or have it always running so it keeps bringing in cash for
the levels.
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Yes
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Anything else to add?
She'd like to know when its finished. She definitely likes the logo on
33. Yes the splash screen. she wants to see it going to other cities and better
description of the apps.
2014-06-25 19:36:59
34. Tester #:
Tester Profile (given by tester):
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
What games do you play on your mobile device?
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
What makes you choose a particular game?
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
Why or why not?
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Why or why not?
35. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Any reason?
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
Why or why not?
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
Why or why not?
36. Do you normally keep receipts on you?
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
Did you think these levels
were fun?
Why or why not?
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game?
Why or why not?
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Anything else to add?
37. Tester #:
Tester Profile (given by tester):
Did a Proctor fill out this form?
Yes
Which device are you using for this test?
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the neighborhood you live in?
What makes you choose to shop where you do?
What games do you play on your mobile device?
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device?
What makes you choose a particular game?
Do you connect with social
media on mobile games?
Why or why not?
What makes you decide to stop playing a game?
Review of the app:
Was it easy to sign up?
Why or why not?
38. On the homepage, what is
the first thing you do?
Any reason?
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about your experience.
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it?
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level.
Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your experience.
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent?
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2.
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think.
Would you share receipts
by taking photos in order
to get gems?
Why or why not?
Would you check-in at local
businesses to get in-game
benefits?
Why or why not?
39. Do you normally keep receipts on you?
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this game to your friend?
Did you think these levels
were fun?
Why or why not?
This game wants to reward
players with gems by
spending at local
businesses. Does that make
you more inclined to play
the game?
Why or why not?
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
Do you like the CUTGroup?
Did you like this
CUTGroup test?
Anything else to add?
40. Subscribe Share Past Issues Translate
Make $20 at an in-person test of a mobile game app.
Hi <<First Name>>
We've got a new opportunity for you to make money in the Civic User Testing Group
(CUTGroup) by testing a game app.
This mobile game app lets residents develop their neighborhood as they complete
quests. This app is still in the early stages, and your feedback that will greatly impact
the design of the app.
Are you available for a 30-minute in-person test on Wednesday, June 25 between
4:30 - 7:30 PM? If so, you qualify. Complete this form to start the process.
We are in the process of gathering responses, so we will be in touch to check
availability and let you know if you have been chosen. We are looking for about 10
testers for this test.
For your participation, you will receive a $20 VISA gift card. You'll also help make
better software for Chicago.
Thanks for being a member of the CUTGroup! As usual, call or write with questions.
Remember: if you want to be a part of this test, please complete this form.
--
Daniel X. O'Neil
(773) 960-6045
doneil@cct.org
41. Facebook Twitter Website
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License 2014 Smart Chicago Collaborative. unsubscribe from this list
update subscription preferences
42. Subscribe Share Past Issues Translate
Let us know when you could join us on Wednesday for this test.
Hi <<First Name>>,
Thanks for your interest in our CUTGroup test of a neighborhood game app. Now that
we have our location nailed down, we'd like to know if you can still make it next
Wednesday and, if so, what time you want. Here are the details:
Wednesday, June 25, 2014
Between 4:30 - 7:30 PM
Chicago Bee Library
3647 S. State Street
If you can still make it on this night, please let us know what time slot you want
by completing this form. For your participation, you will receive a $20 VISA gift card.
There are limited slots available for this night, and it's coming up fast, so please
let us know as soon as you can. We will get back to you with a confirmation if
you are chosen to do this test.
If this location doesn't work for you, or if you just can't make it on this night after all, no
big deal. If you have any questions or comments, just hit "reply" and let me know what
you think.
Remember: use this form to tell us about your availability.
Thanks for being a member of the CUTGroup!
--
43. Daniel X. O'Neil
(773) 960-6045
doneil@cct.org
Facebook Twitter Website
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License 2014 Smart Chicago Collaborative. unsubscribe from this list
update subscription preferences
44. CUTGroup Test: Neighborhood Game App
If you would like to participate in the next CUTGroup test, please complete this form. We will follow-up to
check your availability.
Email *
Are you available for a 30-minute test on Wednesday, June 25
between 4:30 - 7:30 PM? *
Select one
Do you have an Android device you can bring to this test? *
Select one
If so, which type of device do you plan to bring? *
Android Phone
Android Tablet
N/A
Do you play games on your phone? *
Select one
Approximately how many game apps do you have on your device? *
What is your favorite local store or business? *
45. CUTGroup 10: Build it! Bronzeville
Thanks for participating in our CUTGroup test of the Build it! Bronzeville, a mobile game app that allows
residents guide development in their neighborhood as they complete quests (i.e. enhance safety, visual
appeal, and foot traffic).
About you
First, some preliminaries. Keep in mind that we are going to publish the results of this test, but will not associate your
name or email address with the results.
Name *
First Last
Email *
Give yourself a tester profile. *
What type of device are you using for this test? *
How often do you spend money at local businesses in the
neighborhood you live in?
Multiple times in one week
Once a week
A few times every month
Once a month or less
What makes you choose to shop where you do? *
What games do you play on your mobile device? *
How frequently do you play games on your mobile device? *
What makes you choose a particular game? *
Do you connect with social media on mobile games? *
Select one
Why or why not?
46. What makes you decide to stop playing a game? *
App review
Let's review the app!
Was it easy to sign up? *
Select one
Why or why not? *
On the homepage, what is the first thing you do? *
Click gear icon
Click check mark icon
Click camera icon
Click "Play"
Any reason?
Choose "Level Select," click the first level, and play! Tell us about
your experience. *
What did you decide to build and was there any reason you built it? *
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on this level. *
47. Go to level 2, play and review this level. Tell us about your
experience. *
What do you think the red, blue, and green icons represent? *
Tell us what you thought about the graphics on level 2. *
Play level 3 and review this level. Tell us what you think. *
Would you share receipts by taking photos in order to get gems? *
Select one
Why or why not? *
Would you check-in at local businesses to get in-game benefits? *
Select one
48. Why or why not? *
Do you normally keep receipts on you? *
Select one
Overall review of Build it! Bronzeville app!
Almost done.
From what you know about these levels, how would you describe this
game to your friend?
Did you think these levels were fun? *
Select one
Why or why not?
This game wants to reward players with gems by spending at local
businesses. Does that make you more inclined to play the game? *
Select one
Why or why not?
In what ways would you improve this app to make you want to play it?
49. *
Overall review of the CUTGroup experience
Do you like the CUTGroup? *
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Did you like this CUTGroup test? *
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Anything else to add?