The Dhvani Theory found its first systematic expression in Ānandvardhan's 'Dhvanyāloka'. For simple understanding Dhvani is voice which helps us to complete a word; ક્ + અ = ક here અ is Dhvani which completes ક્. It is basically a branch of linguistic. For example this sentence has different meaning if we emphsized upon different words.

1. DHAVNITHEORY
BY
ANANDVARDHNA

2. • Anandavardhana and Dhvani Theory
• 9th-century Sanskrit poet and Dhvani
exponent
• "Dhvanyaloka": Poetry's essence lies in
Dhvani or suggested sense
• "Dhvanyaloka" Structure
• Four chapters (Udyota)
• Aim: Establish Dhvani as poetry's soul
• Dhvani theorists held the view that a poem is
sublime if it has Dhvani.

3. यात्रार्थ सब्दो व तमर्थम उपसर्थनिक
ृ तास्वार्ौ
व्यक्तः काव्यनवशेषः सा ध्वनिरीती सुरन ः कनर्ताः ॥
• Where sound and sense, making the expressed sense
secondary, suggest an idea, over and above the
expressed one, it is good poetry or Dhvanikavya.
• In Raghuvansh Kalidas compared Shabda and Artha to
Shiva-Parvti. It is united in that sense.
• वागर्ाथनवव सम्पृक्तौ वागर्थप्रनतपत्तये ।
• र्गतः नपतरौ वन्दे पावथतीपरमेश्वरौ ॥
• Dhavni is coding and Artha is decoding. Meanings are
imposed on words.

4. • Types of Kavya by Anandavardhana:
• Uttamakavya (Dhvanikavya): Suggested sense
dominates.
• Madhyamakavya (Gunibhutavyangya): Suggested
sense subsidiary to the literal one.
• Adhamakavya (Citrakavya): No suggested sense.
• Functions of Words in Dhvani Theory:
• Words exhibit three functions (vyapara): Abhidha
(primary expression), Lakshana (indication), and
Vyanjana (suggestion).
• Exa. Gangayam Ghoshah in Hamlet

6. • Theory of Sphota
• Different elements of poetry, when taken together
reveal a deeper meaaning to Sahridya-spectator
• Dhavni’s meaning :
• Vaynjanak [ suggestive word]
• Vyanjakartha [ suggestive meaning ]
• vyangyartha [ suggested idea]
• Vyanjana Vyapara [ function of suggestion ]
• Dhavni Kavya

7. • Vastudhavni : Suggested sense is of the nature of
mere appealing idea.
• Alankardhavni : Suggested sense is a figure of
speech.
• Rasadhavni : Vacyartha evokes rasa means
Rasadhavni. Important one.
• Idea of Principle sentement
• Ramayana-Karuna Mahabharata-Santa

9. THANK
YOU