Varicose veins are abnormally dilated, superficial leg veins caused by incompetent valves. Signs include aching, heavy legs and blueish skin discoloration. Risk factors include heredity, obesity, pregnancy, age over 40, and jobs requiring long hours of standing or sitting. Treatment has evolved from invasive surgery to minimally invasive endovenous laser treatment (EVLT) and foam sclerotherapy, allowing for rapid recovery and reduced complications compared to traditional surgery. Proper prevention through exercise, elevation, stockings, and limiting prolonged sitting/standing can also help manage varicose veins.