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1. Youth in Action
mobilising
the potential
of young
Europeans
Youth Support:
stronger backing
for youth projects
T he Youth in Action programme
provides the opportunity for those
involved in youth work to come
together and compare experiences,
and helps improve the quality of their work —
and get better results out of the programme.
It funds training for youth workers and people
working in youth organisations.
It also promotes research into youth work,
forming a much-needed bridge between
RFCMPWȩ?LBȩNP?ARGACȩGLȩRFGQȩ?PC?

2. ȩ2FCȩ@CLCȏ ȩRQȩ
include a broadened understanding among
the participants of the challenges facing
WMSLEȩNCMNJCȩ˜ȩLMR?@JWȩDMPȩRFMQCȩQSȎ ȩCPGLEȩ
disadvantages or from minorities. Projects
have boosted the expertise of youth workers
in areas ranging from structured dialogue,
RFPMSEFȩCȎ ȩCARGTCȩAMKKSLGA?RGMLȩQIGJJQ
ȩRMȩ
teamwork. They have also helped young
people to achieve a better transition between
school education and professional lives, to
tackle the problems of unemployment among
Youth in Action ͷ
Programme

3. ͷȧ young people, as well as to stimulate research the Youth in Action national agencies and the
on the impact of non-formal learning on key SALTO resource centres have increasingly
‘As a consequence of delivered high quality training events and
competencies for lifelong learning.
training trainers, I am built competence among youth workers, youth
now on the trainers These actions range from job shadowing to leaders and youth researchers. This has proved
panel for the national feasibility visits, from evaluation meetings to a valuable method of securing quality levels
agency and continue study visits, and to supporting partnership- across the Youth in Action programme and
to deliver many building and networking activities in areas such of assuring better recognition of non-formal
training sessions for as intercultural learning. Project promoters, education.
it. I have learnt so
much about the Youth
in Action programme
that I integrate it
into my professional
life and share my
knowledge with many
organisations.’
Some of the many
Youth Support projects
completed so far
1. Making information available to reviewed, including how it supports and interacts
young people with youth information work. The experience
gained by the representative of the youth non-
This 12-day job-shadowing project hosted in 2010 governmental organisation was shared with other
by ‘In Petto’, a youth information service in Antwerp, QR?Ȏ ȩȩKCK@CPQȩQMȩRF?RȩRFCWȩAMSJBȩJC?PLȩDPMKȩRFCȩ
DMASQCBȩMLȩBGȎ ȩCPCLRȩ?QNCARQȩMDȩWMSRFȩGLDMPK?RGMLȩ Belgian/Flemish experience and create strategies
work: management, information development for the further development of a planned youth
and distribution (printed and online), dealing information centre in Novi Sad (Serbia).
with questions from young people, detecting
information needs, selecting topics, involving young Project funded by
people, networking, and use of media and online the Youth in Action national agency in the Flemish-speaking
communication channels. Attention was given to community of Belgium
cooperation between the national, regional and Hosting organisation:
local levels, peer-to-peer work and the use of ͬ In Petto, Youth Service Information and Prevention, Belgium.
social games as methods for disseminating youth Partner organisation:
ͬ Omladinska nevladina organizacija (youth non-governmental
information. Youth policy in Flanders was also
organisation), Serbia.

4. Y O U T H S U P P O R T 3
2. Euro–African partnership for MPE?LGQ?RGMLQȩ˜ȩCBSA?RGML?Jȩ,%-QȩMȎ ȩCPGLEȩ
youth work intercultural learning opportunities for young people
around the world.
Empowering youth organisations and structures
Project funded by
in Ghanaian, Kenyan and South African civil
the the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
society was the aim of this project. A group of
in Brussels
24 experienced youth workers from 11 European
countries travelled to these countries to work Coordinating organisation:
ͬ The European Federation for Intercultural Learning, Belgium.
with 96 local youth workers and multipliers.
Subsequently, a seminar in Europe in August 2010 Partner organisations:
Intercultura — AFS Portugal, Portugal; Organisation for
brought together European youth workers and Intercultural Education, Kenya; AFS Intercultura Espana, Spain;
six African participants to share experiences and $1ȩSQQR?SQAFNPMEP?KKCȩDɊPȩ'LRCPISJRSPCJJCQȩ*CPLCL
ȩSQRPG?ȩ
BCȏ ȩLCȩNMQQG@JCȩN?RFQȩ?FC?BȩDMPȩDSRSPCȩ#SPMzDPGA?Lȩ AFS Programmes interculturels asbl, Belgium; AFS Intercultur,
relations, which were compiled in a guide on Denmark; AFS Magyarország, Hungary; Intercultura, Italy; AFS
Intercultural Programs Finland ry, Finland; AFS Iceland, Iceland;
~$?AGJGR?RGLEȩ?ȩQSQR?GL?@JCȩ#SPMzDPGA?LȩN?PRLCPQFGNȩ
AFS Interkulturelle Begegnungen, Germany; AFS Interculterele
for change’. Programma’s v.z.w., Belgium; AFS Starptautiskas Apmainas
Programmas Latvija, Latvia; Intercultural Exchange Programmes,
The European Federation for Intercultural Learning Ghana; AFS Interculture South Africa, Zambia.
that coordinated the project is a European umbrella
organisation of 27 American Field Service (AFS)
2 T E ST I MO N I A L S
‘ Ichallenge able to use mywork with youngsters in
am now
stereotypes. I
personal experience to
‘ Projects like this not only help individual AFS
MPE?LGQ?RGMLQ–RM–EPMU–@SR–MĶ –CP–DSPRFCP–GLRCPASJRSP?J–
Latvia with the AFS goal in mind — to educate learning opportunities for AFS volunteers. Such
NCMNJC–RM–@C–KMPC–RMJCP?LR–RMU?PBQ–BGĶ –CPCLACQ–GL projects spread the idea of AFS and foster a better
the hope of building a peaceful world.
’ world through the people involved in the project and
RFMQC–RMSAFCB–@W–GR–BSPGLE–?LB–?Ĺ –CP–RFC–CVNCPGCLAC

5. ’
3. New impetus for structured QRP?RCEW
ȩDCCBGLEȩAMLRGLSMSQȩHMGLRȩPCȐȩCARGMLȩMLȩ Participants were
dialogue #SPMNC?LȩAMMNCP?RGMLȩGLȩRFCȩWMSRFȩȏ ȩCJB

6. ȩ'RȩGLTMJTCQȩ
consultations with young people and youth
able to share
The francophone youth council in Belgium (Conseil organisations at all levels in Member States, and at good practice,
EU youth conferences organised by the presidency
de Jeunesse de la Communauté française de and discuss tools
Belgique) brought together 33 representatives of countries, and has focused on themes such as
the national working groups for structured dialogue. youth employment. that should be
This involved European youth councils and youth Project funded by developed and
organisations from Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, the Youth in Action national agency in the Flemish-speaking strategies that
Cyprus, France, Germany, Hungary, Luxembourg, community of Belgium
the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Spain, could promote
Hosting organisation:
Sweden and the UK. The aim was to improve the ͬ Conseil de la jeunesse de la Communauté française, Belgium.
structured
structured dialogue instituted by the EU trio of Partner organisations:
presidencies of Belgium, Hungary and Spain. Portuguese National Youth Council, Portugal; Cyprus Youth dialogue in
Council, Cyprus; Dutch National Youth Council, the Netherlands;
Participants met in December 2010 in Belgium and the National Council of Swedish Youth Organisations, Sweden;
countries where
were able to share good practice, and to discuss Youth Society for Peace and Development of the Balkans, Bulgaria; this is not yet
tools that should be developed and strategies that Mladinski svet Slovenije, Slovenia; Gyermek és Ifjúsági Konferencia,
could promote structured dialogue in countries Hungary; Csoport-éka Association, Hungary; Consejo de la Juventud established
de Castilla y León, Spain; CNAJEP, France; Austrian Youth Council
where this is not yet established. Structured (OJV), Austria; Deutscher Bundesjugendring / German Federal
dialogue with youth is integral to the EU youth Youth Council, Germany.

7. 4 Y O U T H I N A C T I O N
The aim was to 4. Practice meets research representatives of the Youth in Action national
agencies, youth departments, and the Lithuanian
stimulate research Ministry of Social Security and Labour. The project
This three-day seminar, which took place in
on the impact Lithuania in December 2010, marked a milestone was organised by the Lithuanian Association of
in the recognition of non-formal education through Non-formal Education and organisations involved in
of non-formal the UNIQUE network, which focuses its work on the
evidenced-based research. It strengthened
learning on key cooperation among researchers and practitioners
recognition of non-formal learning, learning to learn
and support measures for trainers.
competences for providing non-formal learning in the context of
youth work. The aim was to stimulate research Project funded by
lifelong learning
on the impact of non-formal learning on key the Youth in Action national agency in Lithuania
competences for lifelong learning. Hosting organisation:
ͬ Lietuvos neformaliojo ugdymo asociacija, Lithuania.
Twenty-two youth work practitioners and Partner organisations:
educational researchers from European countries Unique — Verein fuer Innovation und Qualitaet in der Bildung,
Austria; Ushangary, Finland; Pame Ambro, Italy; NGO Support
took part, and gained a better understanding of Centre, Cyprus; Rede Inducar, CRL, Portugal; IKAB — Bildungswerg
each other’s contexts. Existing practices and trends e.V, Germany; Generation and Educational Science Institute —
in research methodologies, youth work and non- GENESIS, Austria; COS-Cooperativa de Educacao, Cooperacao
formal learning were reviewed. The programme was e Desenvolvimento, CRL, Portugal; Citizens in Action, Greece;
Assocation Cazalla Intercultural, Spain; TiPovej Institute for creative
designed to develop follow-up actions combining society, Slovenia; Dutch National Youth Council, the Netherlands;
youth work, non-formal learning and research. Generation and Educational Science Institute — GENESIS,
Discussions also took place with decision-makers, Germany.
4 T E ST I MO N I A L S
‘ The seminar was a
T?JS?@JC–ĺ
–PQR–QRCN
‘ Finding aeducation
between
good match
generating ideas for research and non-formal
introductory seminars on education will always
research methodologies take time, creativity and
and creating a com-
munity of research and
the will to learn.
’
education practitioners.
’ ‘ The seminar opened up
avenues that are now
being explored.
’
5. Dialogue to deter youth training course took place in Bansko (Bulgaria) in
extremism 2010.
Project funded by
This project brought together 24 young activists the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
DPMKȩBGȎ ȩCPCLRȩASJRSP?Jȩ?LBȩPCJGEGMSQȩ@?AIEPMSLBQȩ in Brussels
from Bulgaria, Egypt, Greece, Italy, Israel, and
Coordinating organisation:
the Palestinian Authority of the West Bank and ͬ Euro Mediterranean Centre for Cross-cultural Dialogue, Bulgaria.
Gaza Strip. It explored what role youth and youth Partner organisations:
organisations can play in intercultural and inter- Development no Borders, Egypt; Centro Studi ed Iniziative Europeo,
religious dialogue in preventing violent extremism Italy; Abu-Assukar Centre for Peace and Dialogue, Palestine;
among young people, particularly through using Youth Division of Tel. Aviv Municipality, Israel; Youth Human Rights
Initiative, Greece.
interactive non-formal methods. The six-day

8. Y O U T H S U P P O R T 5
6. Overcoming stereotypes in social implications and related media responsibility.
Kigali The participants were helped to develop skills so
they could multiply their experience and learning
Kigali served as a living classroom in this project, back home.
in which participants heard from survivors of Project funded by
mutilations, amputations and massacres in Rwanda the Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
in 1994, and saw the memorials and the recovery in Brussels
underway in society. It aimed to help form a new Coordinating organisation:
generation of young journalists that could promote ͬ European Peer Training Organisation, Belgium.
Partner organisations:
a culture of peace and diversity. In 2011 the project Pistes Solidaires, France; Instants Productions asbl, Belgium; Liga
brought together a network of 12 journalists from Pentru Educatie Culture si Sport, Romania; Urungano Youth Media,
Europe and 12 from Africa, to raise their awareness Rwanda; Bolu Valiligi — Bolu Governorship, Turkey; 33-Europe en
of their own stereotypes and prejudices, and the Espana, Spain; Iriba Afrique asbl, Burundi; BE International O.S.,
Czech Republic; Tartu Rotaract Klubi, Estonia.
6 T ES T I M O N I AL S
‘ Duringand days of confronted theirjournalists from
Africa
12
Europe
training where
own stereotypes
‘ Peopleand white people
black
may think that
‘ Discrimination andsociety
separation within
and prejudices, I learnt a lot and I understood one ?PC–BGĶ–CPCLR
–RF?R–QMKC only generate negative
thing above all: all human beings are equal.
’ are superior to others, thoughts and actions. It
‘ All kinds ofthey distort yourpreventand they create
positively,
discrimination
focus
you from thinking but in reality these are
only barriers that people
does not matter where
you are from — neither
unnecessary divisions. They stop you moving forward have created: people are your race nor your
and making great achievements as a human being.
’ all the same.
’ ’
origin.
7. Paths to working life education for young unemployed people. The The main
main achievement was that participants obtained
new ideas for reducing youth unemployment
achievement
This training course, which took place in Finland
in 2010, developed youth workers’ skills to make among early school leavers, and gained additional was that the
understanding of unemployment issues and
use of the Youth in Action programme, especially participants
the European Voluntary Service (EVS). It provided practices to deal with them. They shared ideas for
practical learning opportunities for 25 participants improving the transition between school education obtained
from Finland, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, and professional lives. The project also provided new ideas for
1UCBCLȩ?LBȩ2SPICW
ȩMȎ ȩCPGLEȩRFCKȩRFCȩMAA?QGMLȩRMȩ RFCȩQN?ACȩ?LBȩRGKCȩDMPȩMȎ ȩCPGLEȩ#41ȩMNNMPRSLGRGCQȩ
PCȐȩCARȩMLȩRFCGPȩUMPIȩUGRFȩSLCKNJMWCBȩWMSLEȩNCMNJCȩ to young job seekers and for developing ideas for reducing youth
and to learn about youth unemployment across future projects. The range of international and unemployment
Europe, as well as enhanced cooperation within the national contacts that the participants acquired
provided a basis for long-term cooperation. The among early
Youth in Action programme.
course was prepared together with SALTO Inclusion, school leavers
The participants, from the youth work, social a Youth in Action resource centre.
work and employment sectors, visited local
youth workshops that provide skills training and Project funded by
the Youth in Action national agency in Finland
7 T ES T I M O N I AL S
‘ Duringcountries thatgained new contactswork
other
g the course I
can help me do my
in
better And I now have a better understanding
r.
of the Youth in Action programme and can
e
FCJN–W
WMSLEQRCPQ–ĺ–LB–RFC–@CQR–U?W–RM–FCJN
themsselves.
’

9. 6 Y O U T H I N A C T I O N
Participants learnt !FȍBOBK@BP FK /LJ VLRQE TLOH NPMKMRCBȩRF?RȩMȎCPCBȩRFCȩAF?LACȩRMȩJC?PLȩ?@MSRȩRFCȩ
possibilities of the Youth in Action programme.
what could be
The Youth in Action national agencies of Finland, This three-part project with links to Hungary and
done within the Hungary and Slovakia organised practical short Finland explored the history and current situation
Youth in Action study visits to Roma organisations and to of Roma living in Slovakia. Participants learnt what
organisations working with Roma youth in each of could be done within the Youth in Action programme
programme RFCȩRFPCCȩAMSLRPGCQȩGLȩz

10. ȩ2FCQCȩTGQGRQ
ȩMNCLȩ and through international cooperation, and got to
and through to 21 youth workers, social workers, youth leaders ILMUȩBGȎCPCLRȩ?NNPM?AFCQȩRMȩWMSRFȩUMPIȩUGRFȩ0MK?ȩ
communities. The results included youth exchanges
international and representativesyouth, made it possible to
working with Roma
of organisations actively
between the three countries, such as ‘We came,
cooperation, QCCȩRFCȩPC?JGRGCQȩMDȩ0MK?ȩWMSRFȩUMPIȩGLȩBGȎCPCLRȩ we saw ... What we can do together?’ in Slovakia
in October 2011, and a cooperation with Roma
and got to contexts. The main aim was to help develop an
understanding of the situation of Roma minorities theatre, in which the predominant feature was the
ILMU–BGĶCPCLR– by exploring existing Roma cultures in these high level of motivation among the participants and
approaches countries. But, through sharing and exchanging the interest to cooperate in using the possibilities of
experiences of working with young Roma people, the Youth in Action programme.
to youth work the visits also revealed certain realities of youth Project funded by
with Roma work and practical non-formal learning methods. the Youth in Action national agencies in Slovakia,
European partnerships and networks were Hungary and Finland
communities
8 T ES T I M O N I AL S
‘ Iaboutonly learnt more
not
the possibilities
‘ One of the striking things tofor Slovak
was that while the realities
emerge
for international and Hungarian Roma are very similar,
activities, but was also
inspired to initiate local
’
RFC–$GLLGQF–PC?JGRW–GQ–TCPW–BGĶCPCLR.
actions.
’

11. Youth Support Youth Youth Youth Youth Youth
is part of the Exchanges Initiatives Democracy Volunteering Support
Youth in Action
programme of the
European Union
Youth in Action
mobilising the potential of
young Europeans
Youth in Action is the European Union programme ȧQGELGȏ
ȧA?LRȧGKN?AR A survey in March 2011
that has helped young people since 2007, through among a representative
Youth in Action has had a demonstrable impact sample of participants
non-formal learning and wider mobility, to boost
on the hundreds of thousands of young people it revealed that:
their skills as well as giving them new opportunities
has involved. The programme has enabled many
to develop their personal capacities. It is open to
all young people, regardless of their educational,
MDȩRFCKȩRMȩCVNCPGCLACȩMRFCPȩAMSLRPGCQȩȏ ȩPQRȩF?LB
ȩ 91 %
thus developing a greater sense of openness and of young people
social and cultural backgrounds. It encourages considered participation
understanding of other cultures. And it has provided
intercultural dialogue and the inclusion of all young increased their
the young people who have taken part with new
people, particularly those with fewer opportunities. competences in foreign
QIGJJQȩ?LBȩAMLȏȩBCLAC

12. ȩ
It strengthens European values everywhere it languages;
operates — in the EU and in 140 countries beyond.
This is all the more important since for many
It funds a wide variety of youth activities, including
of the projects, the participants are deliberately
75 %
exchanges, initiatives, democracy projects, and a said they improved
selected from communities and social groups with
voluntary service. It also supports youth workers their abilities to identify
fewer opportunities. The whole programme has a
and civil society organisations through training and opportunities for their
QRPMLEȩQMAG?JȩBGKCLQGML

13. ȩ'RȩK?ICQȩQNCAGȏ ȩAȩNPMTGQGMLȩ
networking, and promotes European cooperation in personal or professional
for involving young people from disadvantaged future;
RFCȩWMSRFȩȏ ȩCJB

14. groups (with disabilities, health problems, or social,
Noticeable results
economic or geographic obstacles, unemployed,
UGRFȩCBSA?RGML?JȩBGȑ ȩȩASJRGCQ
ȩQSAFȩ?QȩC?PJWȩQAFMMJȩ
73 %
declared they felt more
Youth in Action has a global budget of EUR 885 JC?TCPQ
ȩMPȩDPMKȩBGȎ ȩCPCLRȩASJRSP?Jȩ@?AIEPMSLBQ

15. ȩ European;
KGJJGMLȩDMPȩRFCȩzȩNCPGMB
ȩ?LBȩ@WȩRFCȩCLBȩ 2FCȩCLE?ECKCLRȩMDȩK?LWȩBGȎ ȩCPCLRȩQMAG?JȩEPMSNQȩGQȩ
of 2010 it had fully used the EUR 549 million
allocated so far. Its basic premise is that investment
important in ensuring that the European integration
project is not restricted only to elites in European
92 %
of youth workers
in young people is the best business case for the society. considered they gained
European Union and it is also the way to make skills and knowledge they
a success of the European integration project. Attractive learning would not have otherwise
-TCPȩRFCȩDMSPȩWC?PQȩz
ȩKMPCȩRF?Lȩȩȩ acquired;
Youth in Action makes extensive use of non-formal
persons took part (390 000 young people and
137 000 youth workers); 61 000 project applications
learning, through attractive methods (such as
workshops, interviews or simulations), and based on
73 %
were submitted and 30 100 projects were approved of youth organisations
personal experience outside schools. This promotes
for grants, and Youth in Action involved around said they were doing
individual-based teaching, with the emphasis on more international
20 000 youth organisations, informal groups
talents and strengths. Professional facilitators projects.
of young people, or public bodies every year as
ensure the learning process is conducted mainly by
promoters of projects. The intense involvement
young people themselves, through participation and In addition
of non-governmental organisations and social
peer learning. The non-formal learning experience
enterprises is a stimulating example for young
that Youth in Action provides is recognised through the 2010 survey showed
people of what it means to be an active player that participants in
?ȩQNCAGȏȩAȩACPRGȏȩA?RCȩA?JJCBȩ?ȩ7MSRFN?QQ

16. in society, and many participants in projects later the programme have
become involved themselves in social work. ?ȧQGELGȏȧA?LRJWȧFGEFCPȧ
'LȩRFCȩBGȎ ȩCPCLRȩCLTGPMLKCLRȩMȎȩCPCBȩ@WȩNPMHCARQ
ȩ
voting record in European
young people discover their own potential and
The projects supported range widely across youth elections than their peers.
abilities, and exercise new levels of independence For instance in 2009,
?ARGTGRGCQȩ˜ȩCTCPWRFGLEȩDPMKȩP?GQGLEȩRFCȩNPMȏ ȩJCȩMDȩ
and decision-making. The experience boosts their 60 % of participants
young people in the media and giving them more
personal development and widens their horizons, voted, compared to an
of a say, to organising environmental protection
helping them make choices about their further average of 29 % for
projects at local level, creating documentaries on
personal and professional life. And they acquire all young people across
social issues such as young people with HIV or
competencies that are increasingly valuable in an Europe.
exclusion of minorities, or helping inmates in young
evolving labour market ͬ
MȎȩCLBCPQȩGLQRGRSRGMLQȩRMȩ@MMQRȩRFCGPȩMULȩQCJD
%
CQRCCKȩ?LBȩRMȩK?ICȩCȎ ȩMPRQȩRFCKQCJTCQȩRMȩGLRCEP?RCȩ
into their community and into wider society.
60 29 %

17. NC-32-11-909-EN-C
Who can take part
in Youth Support projects, and how do they work?
There are no age limits, but participants must be AMSLRPW
ȩGLAJSBGLEȩLMLNPMȏ ȩR
LMLEMTCPLKCLR?Jȩ
legally resident in a programme country — i.e. organisations, local or regional public bodies,
the 27 Member States of the European Union, as informal groups of young people, European bodies
well as Croatia, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, ?ARGTCȩGLȩRFCȩWMSRFȩȏȩCJB
ȩ?LBȩL?RGML?JȩWMSRFȩAMSLAGJQ

18. Switzerland and Turkey — or in a neighbouring
Projects can receive grants from national agencies
partner country of the EU, eastern Europe and the
in the 33 programme countries or from the
Caucasus, the Mediterranean countries, south-
Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency
eastern Europe, or in 118 other countries in the
in Brussels.
world that have signed an agreement with the
#SPMNC?Lȩ!MKKGQQGMLȩPCJCT?LRȩRMȩRFCȩWMSRFȩȏ ȩCJB

19. 7MSRFȧ1SNNMPRȧGLȧȏ
ȧESPCQ
Applications may be made by bodies legally 2007 2008 2009 2010
established or resident in a programme
Submitted projects 1 496 1 520 2 001 2 307
Funded projects 749 669 637 688
Successful grant applications (%) 50 44 32 30
Committed funds (million EUR) 9.779 10.138 9.542 10.456
Number of participants 15 154 13 487 14 074 15 005
Youth in Action: http://ec.europa.eu/youth/index_en.htm
#SPMNCȧGPCARȧGQȧ?ȧQCPTGACȧRMȧFCJNȧWMSȧȏ
ȧLBȧ?LQUCPQȧ
to your questions about the European Union.
Freephone number (*):
00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11
(*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers
or these calls may be billed.
More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu).
*SVCK@MSPEȩ.S@JGA?RGMLQȩ-ȑȩȩACȩMDȩRFCȩ#SPMNC?Lȩ3LGML
ȩ
Cover image: © Michèle Constantini/PhotoAlto; Page 1: © Patrick Shéandell O’Carroll/PhotoAlto
© European Union, 2012
Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged.
Printed in Belgium
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doi:10.2766/18491