- The passage discusses the evolution of computers since their introduction to the public in the early 1980s. - Early computers were simple machines with little memory and power, used mostly as expensive typewriters or for games. - Over time, computers have become more powerful with practical applications, and programmers have created many useful programs. Games have also become faster and more interactive. - Many computer users have gotten internet access, allowing people to communicate globally and form international online communities. In short, computers have evolved from simple individual machines to a worldwide web of knowledge.

1. Presentsimple is used to describefacts, routinesor universal truths. Ex: Waterboilsat 100°C I go to schooleveryMonday. Presentcontinuousdescribesactions happening nowandarragements in thenear future. Ex: I’mstudyingrightnow. I’m meeting Rachel attwoo’clock. PresentsimpleandPresentContinuous

2. Today (be) ____________ the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted and my legs (shake) ____________ ; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill, really) ____________ me and my toes (bleed) ____________ , but I (want, still) ____________ to continue.Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be) ____________ so different, and I (try) ____________ to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn) ____________ a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn, not) ____________ foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not) ____________ much, I believe that I (improve, gradually) ____________ .I (travel, currently) ____________ with Liam, a student from Leeds University in England. He (be) ____________ a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always) ____________ ahead of me and (complain) ____________ that I am too slow. I (do) ____________ my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old. Complete thetextwiththepresentsimpleorpresentcontinuous.

3. Today (be) is the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am exhausted and my legs (shake) are shaking ; I just hope I am able to complete the trek. My feet (kill, really) are really killing me and my toes (bleed) are bleeding, but I (want, still) still want to continue.Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be) is so different, and I (try) am trying to adapt to the new way of life here. I (learn) am learning a little bit of the language to make communication easier; unfortunately, I (learn, not) don't learn foreign languages quickly. Although I (understand, not) don't understand much, I believe that I (improve, gradually) am gradually improving.I (travel, currently) am currently travelling with Liam, a student from Leeds University in England. He (be) is a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always) always walks ahead of me and (complain) complains that I am too slow. I (do) am doing my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am. Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old. Complete thetextwiththepresentsimpleorpresentcontinuous.

4. Going to is used to talkaboutpersonalplans Will is used to talkabout future factsorspontaneusdecisions Ex: I’mgoing to be a campcook. I’llhave to work 40 hours per week. Going to andWill

5. Choose the correct option. 1. The phone's ringing. a)I'm going to get it. b)I'll get it. 2. This box is too heavy for me. a)I'm going to help you. b)I'll help you. 3. What are your plans for the Summer? a)I'm going to Ariba. b)I'll go to Ariba. 4. I need to catch up with my work. a)So I'm going to work all next weekend to catch up. b)So I'll work all next weekend to catch up. 5. Goodnight. a)I'm going to see you tomorrow. b)I'll see you tomorrow. 6. I need someone to meet a visitor at the airport. a)I'm going to go. b)I'll go. 7. I've bought myself a piano. a)I'll learn to play. b)I'm going to learn to play.

6. Choose the correct option. 1. The phone's ringing. a)I'm going to get it. b)I'll get it. 2. This box is too heavy for me. a)I'm going to help you. b)I'll help you. 3. What are your plans for the Summer? a)I'm going to Ariba. b)I'll go to Ariba. 4. I need to catch up with my work. a)So I'm going to work all next weekend to catch up. b)So I'll work all next weekend to catch up. 5. Goodnight. a)I'm going to see you tomorrow. b)I'll see you tomorrow. 6. I need someone to meet a visitor at the airport. a)I'm going to go. b)I'll go. 7. I've bought myself a piano. a)I'll learn to play. b)I'm going to learn to play.

7. Used to show interest. Ex: - I’vealreadybeen to Paris three times. - Haveyou? - You’reondutytomorrow. - Am I? Echoquestions

8. This is thefirst time I’veeverbeen to Brazil. Mary’sfromtheUnited States. There are five CDs ontheshelf. Therewerefifteenstudents in theclassroom. Theclass starts at 15:45. Respondwithanechoquestion

9. This is thefirst time I’veeverbeen to Brazil. Is it? Mary’sfromtheUnited States. Is she? There are five CDs ontheshelf. Are there? Therewerefifteenstudents in theclassroom. Werethere? Theclass starts at 15:45. Does it? Respondwithanechoquestion

10. Pastsimple is used to talkaboutactionsthatstartedandfinishedat a specific time in the past. Pastcontinuous is used to talkaboutactionsthatwere in progress in thepastandwereprobablyinterrupted Ex: I wasstudyingwhenthedoorbellrang. IMPORTANT In the Simple Past, a specific time is used to show when an action began or finished. In the Past Continuous, a specific time only interrupts the action. Examples: Last night at 6 PM, I ate dinner.I started eating at 6 PM. Last night at 6 PM, I was eating dinner.I started earlier; and at 6 PM, I was in the process of eating dinner. PastSimpleandPastcontinuous

11. Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) ____________ . She said she (call) ____________ me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if she (wait) ____________ for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall while she (talk) ____________ to me. I couldn't believe she (make) ____________ a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on. She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep, actually) ____________ in class. Some of the students (talk) ____________ about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) ____________ a picture of a horse. When Angela (tell) ____________ me she was not satisfied with the class, I (mention) ____________ that my biology professor was quite good and (suggest) ____________ that she switch to my class. Complete thetextwiththepastsimpleorpastcontinuous

12. Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) called . She said she (call) was calling me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I asked her if she (wait) was waiting for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of the hall while she (talk) was talking to me. I couldn't believe she (make) was making a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on. She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep, actually) were actually sleeping in class. Some of the students (talk) were talking about their plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) was drawing a picture of a horse. When Angela (tell) told me she was not satisfied with the class, I (mention) mentioned that my biology professor was quite good and (suggest) suggested that she switch to my class. Complete thetextwiththepastsimpleorpastcontinuous

13. Present / Pastobligation

14. Present / Pastobligation

15. ThePastSimple is used to talkabouteventsthat are over. It is associatedwithspecific time. Ex: yesterday, lastyear, in 2009... ThePresentPerfect is used to talkabouteventsthat are incompleteor still relevant. There is no specific time. Ex: already, just, since, yet... Presentperfectandpastsimple

16. Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) ________ a great deal. The first computers (be) ________ simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) ________ much memory and they (be, not) ________ very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) ________ thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) ________ very little. Most computers (be) ________ separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games. Times (change) ________ . Computers (become) ________ powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) ________ a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) ________ faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) ________ on the Internet and (begin) ________ communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) ________ to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) ________ into an international World Wide Web of knowledge. Complete withthepresentperfectorsimplepast

17. Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology (change) has changed a great deal. The first computers (be) were simple machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) didn't have much memory and they (be, not) weren't very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensive and customers often (pay) paid thousands of dollars for machines which actually (do) did very little. Most computers (be) were separate, individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games. Times (change) have changed. Computers (become) have become powerful machines with very practical applications. Programmers (create) have created a large selection of useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become) have become faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users (get, also) have also gotten on the Internet and (begin) have begun communicating with other computer users around the world. We (start) have started to create international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the past (evolve) have evolved into an international World Wide Web of knowledge. Complete withthepresentperfectorsimplepast

18. "Used to" expresses the idea that something was an old habit that stopped in the past. It indicates that something was often repeated in the past, but it is not done now. Ex: I used to wear a uniform every day, but I don’t anymore. It is better not to use "used to" in questions or negative forms; however, this is sometimes done in informal spoken English. Used to

19. When I wasyoung, I _________ myroombecausemymomwould do that for me. Mygrandparents___________ theInternet. MyfriendJulie_________ chocolate becauseshethought it wasunhealthy, butnowsheeats it becauseit’ssodelicious. I _________ argumentswithmyparentsallthe time. Me and Jane ________ bestfriends, butwehad a major argumentandwe’renottalkinganymore. Complete thesentenceswiththecorrectformofused to plus a verb.