2. The History of PHPersistence
Hugo Hamon - @hhamon
OSIDays November 2011

3. PHP/FI
Where Everything Begins…

4. 1995
PHP/FI

5. 1995
Files handling

6. $fp = fopen("/counter.txt","w+");
$counter = fgets($fp,1024);
$counter++;
fputs($fp, $counter);
fclose($fp);

7. 1995
Databases support

8. $db = mysql_connect("localhost", "root", "secret");
$name = "bob";
$result = mysql(
$db,
"select * from table where firstname='$name'"
);
$num = mysql_numrows($result);
echo "$num records found!<p>";

9. $i=0;
while ($i<$num);
echo mysql_result($result,$i,"lcase(fullname)");
echo "n";
echo mysql_result($result,$i,"address");
echo "n";
$i++;
endwhile;

10. PHP 3/4
Code Reusability

11. User Functions

12. function db_connect($database, $host, $user, $pwd);
function db_fetch_single($dbh, $query);
function db_fetch_all($dbh, $query);
function db_insert($dbh, $table, $values);
function db_update($dbh, $table, $values, $pk);
function db_delete($dbh, $table, $pk);
function db_list_fields($dbh, $table);
function db_drop_table($dbh, $table);

13. function db_connect($database, $host, $user, $pwd)
{
$dbh = mysql_connect($host, $user, $pwd);
if (!$dbh) {
die('Server unavailable: '. mysql_error());
}
if (!mysql_select_db($database, $dbh)) {
die("'$database' unavailable: ". mysql_error());
}
return $dbh;
}

14. /**
* Fetches a single record from a database
*
* @param resource $dbh The database handler
* @param string $query A SQL query
* @return array A single record as an array
*/
function db_fetch_single($dbh, $query)
{
return current(db_fetch_all($dbh, $query));
}

15. function db_fetch_all($dbh, $query)
{
$result = mysql_query($query, $dbh);
if (!$result) {
die('Invalid query: '. mysql_error());
}
$records = array();
while ($record = mysql_fetch_assoc($result)) {
$records[] = $record;
}
return $records;
}

16. function db_insert($dbh, $table, array $values)
{
$data = array();
foreach ($values as $value) {
$data[] = mysql_real_escape_string($value, $dbh);
}
$sql = sprintf("INSERT INTO `$table` (`%s`) VALUES ('%s')",
implode('`, `', array_keys($values)),
implode("', '", $data)
);
$result = mysql_query($query, $dbh);
if (!$result) {
die('Invalid data to insert: '. mysql_error());
}
return mysql_insert_id($dbh);
}

17. include 'lib/database.inc.php';
$dbh = db_connect('osidays');
$query = 'SELECT id, name FROM author';
$authors = db_fetch_all($dbh, $query);
$author = db_fetch_single(
$dbh,
'SELECT id, name FROM author WHERE id = 3'
);
$id = db_insert($dbh, 'author', array(
'name' => 'Jules Verne'
));

18. PHP 4
OOP & Reusability

19. class Database
{
function Database($database, host, $user, $pwd);
function disconnect();
function connect();
function free();
function getErrorMessage();
function getErrorCode();
function getLastInsertId();
function insert($table, array $values);
function fetchAll($query);
function fetchSingle($query);
function query($query);
function quote($string);
function hasError();
function _collectError();
function _init();
}

20. require 'lib/Database.php';
$db= &new Database('demo', 'localhost', 'root');
$q = 'SELECT id, name FROM author';
foreach ($db->fetchAll($q) as $author) {
// ...
}
$db->free();
$db->disconnect();

21. require 'lib/Database.php';
$db= &new Database('demo', 'localhost', 'root');
$q = 'SELECT id, name FROM author WHERE id = 1';
$author = $db->fetchSingle($q);
$db->free();
$db->disconnect();

22. require 'lib/Database.php';
$db= &new Database('demo', 'localhost', 'root');
$res = $db->insert('author', array(
'name' => 'Jules Vernes'
));
if ($result) {
$id = $db->getLastInsertId();
}
$db->disconnect();

23. PHP 4
Professional APIs

24. DBAL

25. • PEAR::DB • MDB
• ADOdb • MDB2
• Metabase • Creole

26. § Multiple databases support
§ Uni ed APIs
§ Prepared statements supports
§ Query caching
§ Security against SQL Injections

27. PEAR MDB2

28. $dsn = array(
'phptype' => 'mysql',
'username' => 'root',
'password' => '',
'hostspec' => 'localhost',
'database' => 'demo',
);
$db = & MDB2::connect($dsn);
$db->setFetchMode(MDB2_FETCHMODE_ASSOC);
$rs = $db->queryAll('SELECT id, name FROM author');
$db->disconnect();

29. ADOdb

30. include('adodb.inc.php');
$db = NewADOConnection('mysql');
$db->Connect('localhost', 'root', 'password', 'demo');
$result = $db->Execute('SELECT id, name FROM author');
if ($result) {
while (!$result->EOF) {
echo 'ID: ', $result->fields[0] ,"n";
echo 'Name:', $result->fields[1] ,"n";
$result->MoveNext();
}
}

31. 2004
PHP 5

32. 2005
PHP Data Object

33. • PECL extension as of PHP 5.0.0
• Core extension since PHP 5.1.0 (11/2005)
• 12 official drivers as of today
• Extensible Object Oriented API
• Prepared statements & transaction support
• Stored procedures support

35. « PDO provides a data-access abstraction
layer, which means that, regardless of
which database you're using, you use the
same functions to issue queries and fetch
data. »

36. « PDO does not provide a
database abstraction as it
doesn't rewrite SQL or emulate
missing features »

37. Transactions
/
Prepared Statements

38. try {
$pdo->beginTransaction();
$query = 'INSERT INTO author (name) VALUES (?)';
$stmt = $pdo->prepare($query);
$stmt->bindValue(1, 'Jules Verne');
$stmt->execute();
$id = $pdo->lastInsertId();
$pdo->commit();
} catch (PDOException $e) {
$pdo->rollback();
}

39. Stored Procedures

40. DELIMITER |
CREATE PROCEDURE coming_events (IN start DATE, OUT events INT)
BEGIN
SELECT COUNT(*) INTO events FROM events WHERE start_at >=
start;
END
|
$query = "CALL coming_events('2011-03-01', @events);";
$pdo->query($query);
$stmt = $pdo->query("SELECT @events;");
echo $stmt->fetchColumn() ,' events to come.';

41. PHP 5
Zend_Db

42. Table Data Gateway

43. class AuthorGateway
extends Zend_Db_Table_Abstract
{
protected $_name = 'authors';
protected $_primary = 'author_id';
}

44. $data = array(
'first_name' => 'Jules',
'last_name' => 'Vernes',
);
$table = new AuthorGateway();
$table->insert($data);

45. Row Data Gateway

46. $table = new AuthorGateway();
// New empty row
$row = $table->createRow();
// Insert a new row
$row->firstName = 'Jules';
$row->lastName = 'Verne';
$row->save();

47. Active Query

48. $isbn = '1234567890';
$rows = $db->select()
->from(array('b' => 'books'))
->where('b.isbn = ?', $isbn)
->order(array('b.title ASC'))
->query()
->fetchAll()
;

49. PHP 5
Object Relational Mapping

50. • Use objects instead of raw SQL queries
• Database abstraction layer (not always)
• Relationships support
• Behaviors support (i18n, timestampable…)
• Querying API
• Error logging

51. 2005
Propel ORM

52. $author = new Author();
$author->setFirstName("Leo");
$author->setLastName("Tolstoy");
$book = new Book();
$book->setTitle("War & Peace");
$book->setIsbn("0140444173");
$book->setAuthor($author);
$book->save();

53. $query = BookQuery::create()
->joinWith('Book.Author')
->joinWith('Book.Publisher')
->where('Author.firstName = ?', 'Leo')
->where('Author.lastName = ?', 'Tolstoï')
->orderByTitle()
->filterByPublishYear(2009)
->find()
;

54. 2009
Doctrine 1.x

55. $books = Doctrine_Query::create()
->select('b.*, a.*, p.*')
->from('Book b')
->leftJoin('b.Author a')
->leftJoin('b.Publisher p')
->where('a.firstName = ?', 'Karl')
->andWhere('a.lastName = ?', 'Marx')
->orderBy('b.title ASC')
->execute()
;

56. 2009
PHP
5.3

57. ORM Frameworks

58. Doctrine2

59. • Database Abstraction Layer
• Object Relational Mapping
• Schema management
• Migrations support
• XML & NoSQL databases support

60. /** @Entity() */
class Author
{
/**
* @Id()
* @GeneratedValue()
* @Column(type="integer")
*/
private $id;
/** @Column(type="string", length="30") */
private $name;
/** @ReferenceMany(targetDocument="BlogPost") */
private $posts = array();
}

61. $post = new BlogPost();
$post->setTitle('My First Blog Post');
$post->setBody('Some content...');
$author = new Author();
$author->setName('Hugo Hamon');
$author->addPost($post);
$em->persist($user);
$em->persist($post);
$dm->flush();

62. Toward NoSQL…

63. «
Not
Only
SQL
»

64. Key abcdef
Hugo
Hamon
Value

65. FirstName:
Hugo
Column 1
Key abcdef
LastName:
Hamon
Column 2
Role:
Speaker
Column 3

66. Document
Key
abcdef
Name:
Hugo
Hamon
0:
PHP
Skills
1:
HTML
2:
CSS
Role:
Speaker

67. 2009
MongoDB Driver

68. • Cross-platform support
• Schemaless language
• BSON type support
• Binary le storage support (GridFS)
• Master – slave replication support
• Sharding (horizontal scaling)

69. $mongo = new Mongo();
$col = $mongo->selectDb('osidays')->books;
$books = array(
array('title' => 'Da Vinci Code'),
array('title' => 'The Lost Symbol'),
array('title' => 'Digital Fortress'),
);
foreach ($books as $book) {
$collection->insert($book);
}

70. What’s next…
… for today and tomorrow?

71. 2011
PHP 5.3 ODM Frameworks

73. • ORM Layers for Mongodb
• Dealing with objects instead of arrays
• Relationships support
• Query abstraction
• GridFS support
• Query logging & caching

74. $post = new BlogPost();
$post->setTitle('My First Blog Post');
$post->setBody('Some content...');
$author = new Author();
$author->setName('Hugo Hamon');
$author->setEmail('hugo@example.com');
$dm->persist($user);
$user->addPost($post);
$dm->flush();

75. QuesAons?
92-98, boulevard Victor Hugo
92 115 Clichy Cedex
trainings@sensio.com (+33 (0)1 40 99 82 11)
sensiolabs.com - symfony.com – trainings.sensiolabs.com