¿A QUIÉN PERTENECEN LOS RECURSOS DE LOS FONDOS?
Las figuras jurídicas y el destino de los recursos que administran en el Régimen Especial de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de las Universidades Nacionales.
Standards, rating tools and regulationsChris Hamans
Assigning standards and building rating tools in regulations.
The presentation aims to explain how environmental performance requirements to works (buildings), that most likely will result into new additional product information, can be linked to building rating tools and to Environmental Product Declarations.
The interpretation of the Construction Products Regulation (CPR , 305/2011) is not that easy to understand to everyone, but the Regulation contains all the procedural elements that provide maximum freedom to Member States to set their own performance requirements to works (buildings) that might however require new and different declarations on a construction product's environmental performance when giving national interpretations to the Basic Requirement nr. 7 : "the sustainable use of natural resources". However the assignment of the appropriate European Standards, designed to assure a uniform and harmonised measurement and declaration of performances, are the ready to use "key".
The presentation shows how to use regulations, building rating tools, standards for quantifying building performances and standards for measuring product performances that provide the necessary input to the quantification of the (environmental) building performance.
Comunicado conjunto de FAPUV y FONDUNIVE como producto de la reunión en Mérida los días 16 y 17 de julio de 2014, titulado: "En Defensa del Régimen Especial de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de las Universidades Nacionales y el Futuro de las Nuevas Generaciones", fue publicado en el Diario El Nacional en fecha 20/07/2014, pág. 5
¿A QUIÉN PERTENECEN LOS RECURSOS DE LOS FONDOS?
Las figuras jurídicas y el destino de los recursos que administran en el Régimen Especial de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de las Universidades Nacionales.
Standards, rating tools and regulationsChris Hamans
Assigning standards and building rating tools in regulations.
The presentation aims to explain how environmental performance requirements to works (buildings), that most likely will result into new additional product information, can be linked to building rating tools and to Environmental Product Declarations.
The interpretation of the Construction Products Regulation (CPR , 305/2011) is not that easy to understand to everyone, but the Regulation contains all the procedural elements that provide maximum freedom to Member States to set their own performance requirements to works (buildings) that might however require new and different declarations on a construction product's environmental performance when giving national interpretations to the Basic Requirement nr. 7 : "the sustainable use of natural resources". However the assignment of the appropriate European Standards, designed to assure a uniform and harmonised measurement and declaration of performances, are the ready to use "key".
The presentation shows how to use regulations, building rating tools, standards for quantifying building performances and standards for measuring product performances that provide the necessary input to the quantification of the (environmental) building performance.
Comunicado conjunto de FAPUV y FONDUNIVE como producto de la reunión en Mérida los días 16 y 17 de julio de 2014, titulado: "En Defensa del Régimen Especial de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de las Universidades Nacionales y el Futuro de las Nuevas Generaciones", fue publicado en el Diario El Nacional en fecha 20/07/2014, pág. 5
Resumen Mesas de Trabajo realizadas en la gestión de la Ministro de Educación Universitaria, Marlene Yadira Córdoba, entre el MPPEU y representación de los Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de las Universidades Nacionales.
Conceptualización de régimen especial preexistente de pensiones y jubilaciones por parte de la Superintendencia de Seguridad Social, julio 2013. Venezuela
Resumen de los informes presentados en la Asamblea Extraordinaria del 29/11/2014 sobre la gestión administrativa financiera y el futuro del régimen especial de jubilaciones y pensiones
Carta pública con sus respectivos anexos que dan cuenta de una batalla larga, pero coherente de los universitarios venezolanos para preservar su Régimen Especial contributivo, universal y solidario de Jubilaciones y Pensiones
Informe de Subcomisión designada por el Director de la OPSU para cumplir el mandato del CNU en su sesión ordinaria del 31 de julio de 2008, consignado en diciembre 2009
Etude AFNOR-GENERALI-CSA PME et management des risquesGroupe AFNOR
Etude publiée en juin par le groupe AFNOR, Generali et l’institut CSA sur la réalité des chocs que vivent les PME qui démontre la pertinence des approches managériales de la gestion des risques, telles que proposées dans les normes volontaires comme l’ISO 9001.
Plus d'infos : http://www.afnor.org/profils/centre-d-interet/gestion-des-risques-et-sst/focus-sur-le-management-des-risques/le-management-des-risques
Sustainability - standards, laws and regulationsChris Hamans
The presentation illustrates the basic principles for declaring (construction-) product characteristics within the European system of regulations and standards. Within the near future we may expect that also environmental product characteristics will become mandatory to be declared by the manufacturer of a construction product. The presentation explains how mandated product characteristics are linked to product standards and methodology standards for measuring (environmental) indicators.
ESC explains.
OBIS, a global biodiversity data-sharing platform for ABNJwardappeltans
OBIS as a potential contribution to a new implementing agreement to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Presentation from the BBNJ side event at the IOC Assembly XXVIII, June 2015
OBIS as a potential contribution to a new implementing agreement to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Presentation from the BBNJ side event at the IOC Assembly XXVIII, June 2015
Resumen Mesas de Trabajo realizadas en la gestión de la Ministro de Educación Universitaria, Marlene Yadira Córdoba, entre el MPPEU y representación de los Fondos de Jubilaciones y Pensiones de las Universidades Nacionales.
Conceptualización de régimen especial preexistente de pensiones y jubilaciones por parte de la Superintendencia de Seguridad Social, julio 2013. Venezuela
Resumen de los informes presentados en la Asamblea Extraordinaria del 29/11/2014 sobre la gestión administrativa financiera y el futuro del régimen especial de jubilaciones y pensiones
Carta pública con sus respectivos anexos que dan cuenta de una batalla larga, pero coherente de los universitarios venezolanos para preservar su Régimen Especial contributivo, universal y solidario de Jubilaciones y Pensiones
Informe de Subcomisión designada por el Director de la OPSU para cumplir el mandato del CNU en su sesión ordinaria del 31 de julio de 2008, consignado en diciembre 2009
Etude AFNOR-GENERALI-CSA PME et management des risquesGroupe AFNOR
Etude publiée en juin par le groupe AFNOR, Generali et l’institut CSA sur la réalité des chocs que vivent les PME qui démontre la pertinence des approches managériales de la gestion des risques, telles que proposées dans les normes volontaires comme l’ISO 9001.
Plus d'infos : http://www.afnor.org/profils/centre-d-interet/gestion-des-risques-et-sst/focus-sur-le-management-des-risques/le-management-des-risques
Sustainability - standards, laws and regulationsChris Hamans
The presentation illustrates the basic principles for declaring (construction-) product characteristics within the European system of regulations and standards. Within the near future we may expect that also environmental product characteristics will become mandatory to be declared by the manufacturer of a construction product. The presentation explains how mandated product characteristics are linked to product standards and methodology standards for measuring (environmental) indicators.
ESC explains.
OBIS, a global biodiversity data-sharing platform for ABNJwardappeltans
OBIS as a potential contribution to a new implementing agreement to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Presentation from the BBNJ side event at the IOC Assembly XXVIII, June 2015
OBIS as a potential contribution to a new implementing agreement to conserve and sustainably use biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ). Presentation from the BBNJ side event at the IOC Assembly XXVIII, June 2015
El WWDR es un informe anual y temático que se centra en temas de agua estratégicas de cada año y tiene como objetivo brindar a los responsables con las herramientas para implementar el uso sostenible de nuestros recursos hídricos.También incluye aspectos regionales, puntos de acceso, los ejemplos y las historias, por lo que el informe correspondiente a una amplia gama de lectores, en diferentes niveles y en diferentes áreas geográficas. El desarrollo del WWDR, coordinado por el Programa Mundial de Evaluación de Recursos Hídricos (WWAP) , es un esfuerzo conjunto de las agencias de la ONU y las entidades que integran ONU-Agua, en colaboración con los gobiernos, organizaciones internacionales, organizaciones no gubernamentales y otras partes interesadas.
This research is spearheading the integration of Free & Open Source Software (FOSS) with Open Source Hardware (OSHW) in the field of agri-meteorology applications to disaster risk reduction, flood and droughts. A Do-It-Yourself weather station based on OSHW standards has been developed from local sources in Sri Lanka, reporting by SMS to tank/reservoir managers when rainfall is higher than 10mm/h. These weather stations are soon going to be reprogrammed to report to istSOS, a FOSS web-based Sensor-Observation-Service compliant system, which will collate live reporting of rainfall every hour and before if intensities are dimmed worrying for flood risks. This is both a scientific, technological, and practical challenge to arrive at a very low cost real time disaster risk notification system in places where climate, economy and maintenance supports are themselves other challenges.
This final report of the Rapid Impact and Vulnerability Analysis Fund (RIVAF) aggregates the summary findings from a series of studies and research projects, which were undertaken by eleven UN agencies, between 2010 and 2011. The topics represented in these eight research projects, which involve the work of eleven United Nations Agencies, present a unique view of how the global economic crisis has affected a variety of different sectors across the globe. More infO: http://www.unglobalpulse.org/projects/rapid-impact-and-vulnerability-analysis-fund-rivaf
Klingbeil, R., 2014. Coping with Water Scarcity in Lebanon? Some Suggestions and Approaches Based on Experiences from the Region. Presentation at the 37th Water Sector Coordination Group Meeting, Ministry of Energy and Water (MEW), Beirut, Lebanon, 20 Mar 2014.
Conservation tools
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species assesses risk of species extinction.
The IUCN Red List of Ecosystems assesses risk of ecosystem collapse.
The IUCN World Heritage Outlook assesses World Heritage sites over time.
The World Database of Key Biodiversity Areas assesses sites important for biodiversity.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
2. The
real
extension
of
Venezuelan
protected
areas:
recommenda7ons
to
assess
Aichi
Target
11
VI
World
Parks
Congress
-‐
Sydney
–
Australia
-‐
November
2014.
Stream
1
-‐
Reaching
Conserva7on
Goals.
Session:
Protected
Planet:
status
and
trends
of
protected
area
coverage
across
countries
*
Edgard
Yerena
(Universidad
Simón
Bolívar,
Caracas,
Venezuela)**
Jorge
Naveda
(Ins7tuto
Nacional
de
Parques,
Caracas,
Venezuela)
**eyerena@usb.ve
● According
to
the
Aichi
Target
Nº
11
seventeen
percent
of
terrestrial
and
inland
water,
and
ten
percent
of
coastal
and
marine
areas
of
the
world
should
be
under
effective
and
well-‐
managed
protected
areas
(PA).
Although
that
is
not
a
country-‐by-‐country
target,
it
is
obvious
that
such
limit
may
provide
a
criterion
to
assess
the
compliance
of
any
country
with
such
a
global
goal.
On
the
other
hand,
politically
it
is
a
good
thing
for
a
country
to
show
itself
as
if
it
has
reached
or
is
about
to
reach
such
goal.
The
attention
of
the
global
community
obviously
focuses
on
those
countries
that
are
either
low
below
or
high
above
the
17-‐10%
threshold.
For
more
than
twenty
years
Venezuela
has
stated
that
somewhere
between
40
and
50
%
of
its
terrestrial
ecosystems
are
under
PA.
This
is
also
reflected
in
the
World
Data
Base
on
Protected
Areas.
(WDPA)
At
the
beginning
that
was
a
reason
for
aw
and
congratulations.
But
as
time
passes
that
belief
has
solidified
and
attention
is
no
more
focused
on
Venezuela:
it
is
considered
it
has
already
reached
a
very
challenging
limit,
and
it
is
logical
that
no
special
attention
should
be
put
on
it
at
least
regarding
PA
coverage.
But
the
reality
is
very
different.
A
thorough
exam
on
the
self-‐called
“Venezuelan
PA
system”
or
ABRAE
(Spanish
acronym
for
“areas
under
special
administration”)
reveals
that
only
5
among
15
categories
of
ABRAE
are
real
PA
sensu
IUCN.
According
to
this
we
calculate
that
no
more
than
17-‐19%
of
Venezuela´s
terrestrial
ecosystems
are
under
real
PA.
This
case
highlights
the
importance
of
the
IUCN
PA
categories
system.
It
is
a
powerful
tool
to
assess
to
what
extent
any
country
is
really
taking
actions
to
conserve
Nature,
and
therefore
matching
the
Aichi
target
or
any
other
international
criteria.
It
also
highlights
the
importance
of
updating
WDPA,
since
many
wrong
conclusions
can
be
reached
using
wrong
data
contained
in
it.
It
is
not
simply
a
matter
of
accepting
“official”
data
supplied
by
Government
agencies.
Such
data
should
be
double-‐checked
with
the
help
and
participation
of
national
WCPA
members
and
other
independent
sources.
No
official
data
should
be
taken
for
granted.
This
may
lead
to
over
estimations
and
sub
estimations,
making
the
focus
of
international
agencies,
or
NGOs
be
placed
in
the
wrong
direction.
● *
Protected
Planet:
status
and
trends
of
protected
area
coverage
across
countries
● Launch
and
explanation
of
the
second
Protected
Planet
Report.
Where
are
we
as
a
planet
as
we
move
to
meet
all
elements
of
Aichi
Target
11
by
2020?
What
is
the
progress
of
the
elements
of
Target
11
on
land
and
sea?
● Key
Speakers
● Assessing
progress
towards
Aichi
Target
11:
where
are
we
now?
-‐-‐
Brian
MacSharry
(UNEP-‐WCMC)
● Mapping
Aichi
Target
11:
Progress
towards
meeting
global
MPA
targets
-‐-‐
Hannah
Thomas
(UNEP-‐WCMC)
Protected
Areas
and
Biodiversity:
Managing
our
Impacts
and
Risks
-‐-‐
Mark
Johnston
● The
real
extension
of
Venezuelan
protected
areas:
lessons
to
assess
Aichi
Target
11
-‐-‐
Edgard
Yerena
● The
Digital
Observatory
for
Protected
Areas:
Providing
the
right
information
to
the
right
people
with
the
right
tools
-‐-‐
Gregoire
Dubois
(JRC,
European
Union)
● Dynamics
of
the
Conservation
Estate
-‐-‐
Nyeema
Harris
● Session
/
Event
Manager:
Brian
MacSharry
Hannah
Thomas
Mark
Johnston
Edgard
Yerena
Gregoire
Dubois
Nyeema
Harris
● Sessions
/
Events:
Stream
1
-‐
Reaching
Conservation
Goals
● Language:
English.
Location:
Hall
3A1.
Friday,
November
14th,
1:30
pm
-‐
3:00
pm.
●
● Source:
http://wpc2014.eventranet.com.au/program/
6. What
is
our
message?
● The
real
achievement
of
Aichi
Target
11
may
be
masked
by
the
wrong
information
supplied
by
official
sources,
country
by
country.
● Some
sources
of
error:
● A
wrong
assessment
of
the
IUCN/CBD
concept
of
Protected
Area
● Physical
(spatial)
overlaps
among
PAs
● Incoherence
between
official
boundaries
description
and
reported
PA
area
(km2)
7. Nuestro
mensaje…
● El
verdadero
cumplimiento
de
la
Meta
11
de
Aichi
puede
estar
oscurecido
por
la
información
errada
suministrada
por
fuentes
oficiales,
país
por
país.
● Algunas
fuentes
de
error:
● Equivocada
aplicación
del
concepto
de
Área
Protegida
según
UICN/CBD
● Solapamiento
espacial
entre
AP
● Incoherencia
entre
los
linderos
oficiales
y
la
superficie
(km2)
reportada
para
cada
AP
8. What
do
we
propose
?
● The
official
information
should
be
double
checked
by
local
experts:
i.e.
NGOs
,
WCPA
members,
Universities,
etc,
through
some
efficient
mechanism.
9. ¿Qué
proponemos
?
● La
data
oficial
debería
ser
corroborada
por
expertos
locales
independientes:
ej.
ONG,
miembros
de
la
CMAP,
Universidades,
etc,
mediante
algún
mecanismo
eficiente.
10. Venezuela:
case
study
● According
to
official
sources:
● Every
“protected”
area
under
Venezuelan
law
is
reported
as
a
“Protected
Area”
(mimicking
IUCN/CBD
definition)
● called
“areas
under
special
management
regime”
(acronym
“ABRAE”)
● Therefore,
“protected”
cover
is
reported
to
be
between
40%
and
74%
of
country
area
● Country’s
marine
int’l
boundaries
are
not
100%
set:
”protected”
cover
is
always
reported
on
emerged
(land)
area
● 400
“protected”
units
● 21
categories
of
“protected”
areas
-‐
ABRAE.
11. El
caso
de
Venezuela:
● De
acuerdo
a
fuentes
oficiales:
● Toda
área
“protegida”
de
acuerdo
a
la
legislación
nacional
es
reportada
como
Área
Protegida
(asimilándose
a
la
definición
UICN/CBD)
● denominadas
“áreas
bajo
régimen
de
administración
especial”
(acrónimo:
ABRAE)
● Por
tanto
la
cobertura
“protegida”
oficialmente
reportada
se
ubica
entre
40
y
74%
del
país
● Los
límites
internacionales
marinos
del
país
no
están
establecidos
en
un
100%:
la
cobertura
“protegida”
siempre
se
reporta
en
relación
a
la
superficie
terrestre
(emergida)
● 400
unidades
“protegidas”
● 21
categorías
de
áreas
“protegidas”
-‐
ABRAE.
12. Venezuela:
case
study
● We
systematically
analyzed
the
ABRAE
concept
and
all
of
its
categories.
● Findings:
● Only
7
out
of
21
categories
(ABRAE)
are
true
“Protected
Areas”
sensu
IUCN/CBD:
● National
Park
(II)
● Wildlife
Sanctuary
(II)
● Natural
Monument
(III)
● Wildlife
Refuge
(IV)
● Wildlife
Reserve
(VI)
● Forest
Reserve
(VI)
● Biosphere
Reserve
(variable)
13. El
caso
de
Venezuela:
● Sistemáticamente
analizamos
el
concepto
de
ABRAE
y
todas
sus
categorías.
● Hallazgos:
● Sólo
7
de
las
21
categorías
(ABRAE)
son
verdaderas
“Áreas
Protegidas”
según
UICN/CBD:
● Parque
Nacional
(II)
● Santuario
de
Fauna
(II)
● Monumento
Natural
(III)
● Refugio
de
Fauna
Silvestre
(IV)
● Reserva
de
Fauna
Silvestre
(VI)
● Reserva
Forestal
(VI)
● Reserva
de
Biósfera
(variable)
14. Venezuela:
case
study
● Findings…
● Correspondingly
only
111
designated
units
are
true
PAs
● There
is
substantial
cover
overlapping
among
some
of
the
PA
units
● The
national
PA
cover
%
is
calculated
over
emerged
land
(continental
+
islands)
not
considering
the
marine
area.
● Some
“decrees”
are
arbitrarily
interpreted
in
relation
to
their
boundaries
leading
to
wrong
area
calculations.
15. El
caso
de
Venezuela:
● Hallazgos…
● Correspondientemente,
sólo
111
unidades
decretadas
son
verdaderas
AP
● Existe
un
considerable
solape
entre
algunas
de
estas
unidades
de
AP
● La
cobertura
(%)
de
AP
se
calcula
sobre
su
área
terrestre
sin
considerar
las
áreas
marinas.
● Algunos
decretos
son
interpretados
arbitrariamente
en
relación
a
sus
linderos
conllevando
a
cálculos
de
superficie
erróneos.
16. Venezuela:
case
study
● Correcting
above
findings
(mistakes),
the
final
result
is:
● The
real
PA
extent,
no
overlapping,
is
309,930
km2
● Within
them
4,220
km2
is
strictly
marine
area
● Emerged
land:
305,710
km2
● Therefore
the
%
PA
cover
of
Venezuela
in
relation
to
emerged
land
is
33.36
%
● A
whole
country
(marine+emerged)
figure
can’t
be
provided
until
all
marine
int’l
boundaries
are
set.
17. El
caso
de
Venezuela:
● Corrigiendo
los
errores
encontrados,
el
resultado
final
es:
● La
extensión
real
de
las
AP,
sin
solape,
es
309.930
km2
● De
ella
4.220
km2
son
estrictamente
marinos
● Superficie
terrestre
(emergida):
305.710
km2
● Por
tanto
el
%
de
cobertura
de
AP
en
relación
a
la
superficie
emergida
del
país
es
33,36%
● Una
cifra
para
todo
el
país
(marino+terrestre)
no
se
puede
suministrar
hasta
que
todos
los
límites
marinos
internacionales
sean
establecidos.
19. Venezuela:
case
study
● …not
considering
“management
effectiveness”…that’s
another
matter
…
● Most
of
Category
VI
is
“Paper
PAs”
and/or
subject
to
conventional
natural
resources
exploitation
(some
of
them
completely
wiped
out)
● Not
considering
them:
PA
is
18.85%
of
Venezuela’s
emerged
land
20. El
caso
de
Venezuela:
● …
eso
sin
considerar
la
“efectividad
de
manejo”…ese
es
otro
tema
….
● Casi
todas
las
categorías
VI
son
“AP
de
papel”
y/0
están
actualmente
sometidas
a
extractivismo
convencional
(algunas
totalmente
arrasadas):
Reservas
Forestales.
● Al
no
tomarlas
en
cuenta:
El
18,85%
de
Venezuela
(emergida)
es
AP.
21. Conclusion
● If
a
real
estimation
of
how
far/close
the
World
is
with
respect
to
Aichi
Target
11
is
needed,
then
it
should
be
wise
to
conduct
an
independent
double
checking
of
the
official
statistics
and
numbers
supplied
by
Governments,
country
by
country,
and
with
a
strict
compliance
with
the
conceptual
definition
of
Protected
Area
according
to
IUCN/CBD.
22. Conclusión
● Si
se
quiere
tener
una
estimación
realista
de
cuán
cerca
o
lejos
está
el
mundo
de
alcanzar
la
Meta
11
de
Aichi,
entonces
es
necesario
efectuar
una
corroboración
independiente
de
la
data
oficial
suministrada
por
los
gobiernos,
país
por
país,
y
con
un
apego
estricto
a
la
definición
de
Área
Protegida
de
UICN/CBD.
23. Epílogo…
km2
AP
s/ReFor
terrestre-‐
marino
178.591,80
%
total
Vzla
mar+terr
es
AP
s/ReFor
12,61
km2
terrestre
AP
s/ReFor
172.792,19
%
terrestre
AP
s/ReFor
18,85
km2
marinos
AP
5.799,61
%
marino
AP
1,16
km2
pais
terrestre
916445
km2
país
marino
500000