Media IT - XML and XML Transformation (XSLT)

Media IT :: Dr Serge Linckels :: http://www.linckels.lu/ :: serge@linckels.lu ::
Faculty of Science, Technology and Communication (FSTC)
Bachelor en informatique (professionnel)
-- Media IT -–
¯_(ツ)_/¯
Unit 9
XML
Transformation

9. XML Transformation
2
9.1 XSLT overview
9.2 XSLT transformation principle
9.3 XML + XSLT References
9.4 Exercise

9.1 XSLT overview
3
Picture created by Harald Sack

9.1 XSLT overview
4
XSLT overview
Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT) is an XML-based language used to
specify rules by which one XML document is transformed into another (XML) document
The resulting document may be XML syntax or another format, such as HTML or plain text
Examples of applications of XSLT:
- convert data between different XML schemas
- convert XML data into HTML or XHTML documents for web pages (e.g., with CSS)
- creating a dynamic web page
- convert into an intermediate XML format that can be converted to PDF documents
Such a transformation is based on the following languages:
- XSLT: specifies the transformation rules
- XSL-FO: describes how to transform layout
- XPath: access to specific parts of an XML document

5
XML
documents
DTD/XML-S
XSL
document 1
XSL
document 2
PDF document
HTML
WML
XSLT
processor

6
XSL stylesheet
tree representation of XML
document
XSL works on the abstract tree representation of the XML document
A set of transformation rules are required in form a an XSLT document, e.g., template (XSL
stylesheet)
output
document
+
The structure tree is browsed and for each node the appropriate template from the XSL
stylesheet is applied

7
<data>
<row num="1">toto 1</row>
</data>
XML document
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<html xsl:version="1.0"
xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/
1999/XSL/Transform">
<body>
<h1>Demo</h1>
<xsl:for-each select="row">
<br/>Row:
<xsl:value-of select="@num"/>
- Data:
<xsl:value-of select="."/>
</xsl:for-each>
</body>
</html>
XSL stylesheet
<html><body>
<h1>Demo</h1>
<br/>Row: 1 - Data: toto 1
</body></html>
HTML document
XSLT
processor

8
Perform XSL transformation using a stylesheet
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="stylesheet.xsl" ?>
<data>
</data>

9
import java.io.FileReader;
import javax.xml.transform.Result;
import javax.xml.transform.Source;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamSource;
public class TestTransformation {
public static void main(String[] args)
throws Exception {
Source sourceXSL = new StreamSource(new FileReader("stylesheet.xsl"));
Source sourceXML = new StreamSource(new FileReader("data.xml"));
TransformerFactory trFac = TransformerFactory.newInstance();
Transformer tf;
Result resultOnScreen = new StreamResult(System.out);
tf = trFac.newTransformer(sourceXSL);
tf.transform(sourceXML, resultOnScreen);
}
}
Perform XSL transformation using a Java programme

9.3 XML + XSLT References
10
XML in a Nutshell
Elliotte R. Harold, W. Scott Means, W. Scott Means
E-Librarian Service
User-Friendly Semantic Search in Digital Libraries
Serge Linckels, Christoph Meinel

9.4 Exercise

Media IT - XML and XML Transformation (XSLT)

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