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XML simple Introduction
- 1. XML A Simple Introduction By: Neuza Arraia && Luis Guerreirinho
- 2. WHAT IS XML XML is a software- and hardware-independent tool for carrying information. XML stands for Extensible Markup Language; XML is a markup language much like HTML; XML was designed to describe data, not to display data like HTML; XML tags are not predefined. You must “invent” your own tags; XML is designed to be self-descriptive.
- 3. WHERE IT IS APPLIED? XML is used in many aspects of web development, often to simplify data storage and sharing. XML data is stored in text format. This makes it easier to expand or upgrade to new operating systems, new applications, new browsers without losing data. With XML, your data can be avaliable to all kinds of “Reading Machines” (Handheld computers, voice machines, news feeds, etc.)
- 4. XML STRUCTURE The first line in the XML declaration defines the XML version and the encoding used; The next line describes the root element of the document; Next is the child elements of the root (<to>, <from>,<heading>,<body>) The last line defines the end of the root element. <?xml version = “1,0” encoding = “UTF-8”?> <note> <to>Mary</to> <from>Lois</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Hello how are you?</body> </note>
- 5. XML SYNTAX RULES All XML elements must have a closing tag. XML tags are case-sensitive. XML documents must have a root element. XML attributes values must be quoted.
- 6. XML SYNTAX RULES Entity References: Are used to avoid errors with some charaters like “<“ and “>” < < Less than > > Greater than & & Ampersand &apos ‘ Apostrophe " “ Quoatation mark
- 7. XML SYNTAX RULES Comments in XMLm are made this way: (<!-- comment-->). White-spaces are preserved in XML. XML store new lines as LF.
- 8. XML ELEMENTS XML element is everything from the element’s start tag to the element’s end tag. Empty elements in XMLn are represented by:<example></example> or <example />. XML naming rules: Element names are case-sensitive; Element names must start with a letter or undrscore: Element names cannot start with the letters xml; Element names cannot contain spaces;
- 9. XML ATTRIBUTES XML elements ca have attributes, that provide additional information about it. XML attributes must be quoted. (e.g. <dog size= “big”>). Problems of attributes: attributes cannot contain multiple values (elements can) attributes cannot contain tree structures (elements can) attributes are not easily expandable (for future changes)
- 10. XML ENCODING Use a XML editor that supports encoding. Make sure you know what encoding the editor uses. Describe the encoding in the encoding attribute. UTF-8 is the safest encoding to use. UTF-8 is the web standard.
- 11. CONCLUSION The XML can be a great ally in developing applications for the Internet. We have seen that it does not replace HTML, but fills a great need of this language, providing a really efficient way to transmit all kind of data through the World Wide Web. I hope this slides helped, in a definitive way, to understand what is XML language.