- The document discusses a security assessment of an organization that provides secure data storage for clients. It outlines the organization's key assets including proper system operation, data security, software, hardware, and employees.
- An analysis team is formed to conduct the security assessment using the OCTAVE framework. The team includes specialists in networking, IT, human resources, security, and business.
- The assessment will identify vulnerabilities and develop security strategies to mitigate risks to the organization's reputation, data protection, availability, and proper operation. Countermeasures proposed will focus on improving the organization's defensive capabilities.
Efficacy of OCTAVE Risk Assessment Methodology in Information Systems Organiz...Editor IJCATR
With the increasing use of computers in business information security has also become a key issue in organizations. Risk assessment in organizations is vital in order to identify threats and take appropriate measures. There are various risk assessment methodologies exist which organizations use for risk assessment depending the type and need of organizations. In this research OCTAVE methodology has been used following a comparative study of various methodologies due to its flexibility and simplicity. The methodology was implemented in a financial institution and results of its efficacy have been discussed.
This document discusses staffing the information security function within an organization. It covers placing the security function within the organizational structure, qualifications for security positions, and key information security roles. The main security roles discussed are the Chief Information Security Officer, Security Manager, and Security Technician. The CISO manages the overall security program, the manager oversees day-to-day operations, and the technician focuses on technical implementation and troubleshooting of security controls. Qualifications for security roles can include a technical background, understanding of business operations, and strong communication and policy development skills.
The document discusses the key participants and their responsibilities in developing an effective information security strategy. The three main participants are:
1. The board of directors/senior management who identify critical information assets and ensure strategy alignment with business objectives. Their responsibilities include approving policies and monitoring strategy implementation.
2. The executive management/steering committee who lead strategy implementation, ensure resource availability, and provide communication across stakeholders.
3. The chief information security officer/information security manager who develops security action plans, policies, and standards. They implement security programs and perform monitoring and reporting.
The information security strategy aims to securely protect information assets by aligning with business goals and moving security from its current to desired state through policies
Beyond Keystroke Logging and Trojans: How to Navigate the Changing Landscape...NetCom Learning
To Watch Video on Beyond Keystroke Logging:http://tiny.cc/45gzqz
Cybersecurity has changed drastically over the past couple of years. We have evolved from “keystroke logging and trojans” to intricate ransomware and cyber warfare. And there is one certain fact: whether you are in the public or private sector, the regularity of cyber-attacks, combined with their severity, is discomforting, to say the least.
Explore the changes in the cybersecurity landscape, which includes defenses against advanced persistent threats (APTs) and the adoption of continuous monitoring. Learn about key skills needed, such as penetration testing, security analyst and security architecture skills, and the CompTIA certifications that assess these skills: PenTest+, CySA+ and CASP+.
Earn 1 CEU by attending the webinar - Valid for A+, Network+, and Security+ CE Credits
Agenda
The Changing Cybersecurity Landscape
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) and continuous monitoring
Penetration testers / security analyst skills
The intermediate-level cybersecurity job role skills gap
Additional Cybersecurity skills needed
Cybersecurity analyst skills = CySA+
Penetration tester and vulnerability assessment / management skills = PenTest+
Cybersecurity architect skills = CASP+
Q&A session with the speaker
Personnel security involves managing the risks of employees exploiting their access to an organization's assets or premises for unauthorized purposes. It is important to maintain personnel security throughout employment through pre-employment screening, effective management, clear communication, and building a strong security culture. Personnel security also includes managing employees leaving the organization. When applied consistently, personnel security reduces vulnerabilities and helps build a beneficial security culture. It aims to employ reliable staff, minimize risks of employees becoming unreliable, and detect and address suspicious behavior. Personnel security risk assessments focus on individuals, their access, potential risks, and adequacy of countermeasures to inform security practices.
The document discusses how internet technology has revolutionized organizations. It has allowed for virtual meetings, remote work, and social media networking, improving communication and marketing. Data storage and analysis has also been improved. However, increased internet usage opens organizations to cyber threats from hackers. As a result, organizations must implement security strategies like training cybersecurity teams, restricting access to confidential data, and using software to prevent hacking and data theft. Proper security measures are needed to protect the organization while harnessing the benefits of new technologies.
The document discusses the need for organizations to implement and monitor an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) to govern employee use of company technology and infrastructure. An effective AUP balances productivity, security, compliance with regulations, and legal issues. It also discusses managing employee behavior with tools like monitoring internet use, images, USB devices, and training to ensure compliance with the AUP and address risks. The e-safe business solution helps reconcile the AUP with regulatory requirements like Lexcel and SRA, providing automated monitoring, management and reporting to address compliance issues.
This document discusses security and personnel issues related to an information technology security course. It covers positioning the security function within an organization, staffing the security team, and qualifications for security roles. It also addresses how to integrate security practices into human resources policies like hiring, contracting, and training new employees. The overall goal is to successfully implement security while gaining employee acceptance and support.
Efficacy of OCTAVE Risk Assessment Methodology in Information Systems Organiz...Editor IJCATR
With the increasing use of computers in business information security has also become a key issue in organizations. Risk assessment in organizations is vital in order to identify threats and take appropriate measures. There are various risk assessment methodologies exist which organizations use for risk assessment depending the type and need of organizations. In this research OCTAVE methodology has been used following a comparative study of various methodologies due to its flexibility and simplicity. The methodology was implemented in a financial institution and results of its efficacy have been discussed.
This document discusses staffing the information security function within an organization. It covers placing the security function within the organizational structure, qualifications for security positions, and key information security roles. The main security roles discussed are the Chief Information Security Officer, Security Manager, and Security Technician. The CISO manages the overall security program, the manager oversees day-to-day operations, and the technician focuses on technical implementation and troubleshooting of security controls. Qualifications for security roles can include a technical background, understanding of business operations, and strong communication and policy development skills.
The document discusses the key participants and their responsibilities in developing an effective information security strategy. The three main participants are:
1. The board of directors/senior management who identify critical information assets and ensure strategy alignment with business objectives. Their responsibilities include approving policies and monitoring strategy implementation.
2. The executive management/steering committee who lead strategy implementation, ensure resource availability, and provide communication across stakeholders.
3. The chief information security officer/information security manager who develops security action plans, policies, and standards. They implement security programs and perform monitoring and reporting.
The information security strategy aims to securely protect information assets by aligning with business goals and moving security from its current to desired state through policies
Beyond Keystroke Logging and Trojans: How to Navigate the Changing Landscape...NetCom Learning
To Watch Video on Beyond Keystroke Logging:http://tiny.cc/45gzqz
Cybersecurity has changed drastically over the past couple of years. We have evolved from “keystroke logging and trojans” to intricate ransomware and cyber warfare. And there is one certain fact: whether you are in the public or private sector, the regularity of cyber-attacks, combined with their severity, is discomforting, to say the least.
Explore the changes in the cybersecurity landscape, which includes defenses against advanced persistent threats (APTs) and the adoption of continuous monitoring. Learn about key skills needed, such as penetration testing, security analyst and security architecture skills, and the CompTIA certifications that assess these skills: PenTest+, CySA+ and CASP+.
Earn 1 CEU by attending the webinar - Valid for A+, Network+, and Security+ CE Credits
Agenda
The Changing Cybersecurity Landscape
Advanced persistent threats (APTs) and continuous monitoring
Penetration testers / security analyst skills
The intermediate-level cybersecurity job role skills gap
Additional Cybersecurity skills needed
Cybersecurity analyst skills = CySA+
Penetration tester and vulnerability assessment / management skills = PenTest+
Cybersecurity architect skills = CASP+
Q&A session with the speaker
Personnel security involves managing the risks of employees exploiting their access to an organization's assets or premises for unauthorized purposes. It is important to maintain personnel security throughout employment through pre-employment screening, effective management, clear communication, and building a strong security culture. Personnel security also includes managing employees leaving the organization. When applied consistently, personnel security reduces vulnerabilities and helps build a beneficial security culture. It aims to employ reliable staff, minimize risks of employees becoming unreliable, and detect and address suspicious behavior. Personnel security risk assessments focus on individuals, their access, potential risks, and adequacy of countermeasures to inform security practices.
The document discusses how internet technology has revolutionized organizations. It has allowed for virtual meetings, remote work, and social media networking, improving communication and marketing. Data storage and analysis has also been improved. However, increased internet usage opens organizations to cyber threats from hackers. As a result, organizations must implement security strategies like training cybersecurity teams, restricting access to confidential data, and using software to prevent hacking and data theft. Proper security measures are needed to protect the organization while harnessing the benefits of new technologies.
The document discusses the need for organizations to implement and monitor an Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) to govern employee use of company technology and infrastructure. An effective AUP balances productivity, security, compliance with regulations, and legal issues. It also discusses managing employee behavior with tools like monitoring internet use, images, USB devices, and training to ensure compliance with the AUP and address risks. The e-safe business solution helps reconcile the AUP with regulatory requirements like Lexcel and SRA, providing automated monitoring, management and reporting to address compliance issues.
This document discusses security and personnel issues related to an information technology security course. It covers positioning the security function within an organization, staffing the security team, and qualifications for security roles. It also addresses how to integrate security practices into human resources policies like hiring, contracting, and training new employees. The overall goal is to successfully implement security while gaining employee acceptance and support.
The document outlines a framework for developing an information security strategy and proposal for an organization. It recommends taking a top-down approach by first identifying the key sectors of people, processes, and technology and then drilling down to specific domains and technologies within each sector. It provides examples of domains such as identity and access management or network security. The framework is meant to help information security officers understand needs, prioritize investments, and develop a proposal to present to top management to obtain approval and funding for security initiatives.
This document provides information about developing effective information security policies. It discusses key components of information security policies like specifying penalties for unacceptable behavior and including an appeals process. The document also covers different types of policies, such as enterprise, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be properly developed, distributed, understood, agreed to, applied, and enforced to be effective.
CISA Domain 4 Information Systems Operation | InfosectrainInfosecTrain
Study Flashcards On CISA Domain 4 Information Systems Operations, Maintenance and Support at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Infosectrain.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!
This document provides a summary of key concepts relating to security management practices, including definitions of terms like accreditation, certification, benchmarking, baselining, recommended practices, best practices, standards of due care, and performance measurements. It also describes NIST SP 800-37 as a common risk management framework that takes a three-tiered approach focusing first on organizational aspects, then business processes, and finally information systems. The document quizzes readers with multiple choice questions to test their understanding of these security management terms and processes.
This document discusses business continuity management (BCM). BCM is a holistic management process that identifies potential threats to an organization and their impacts, and provides a framework for building resilience. It discusses key components of BCM like staff, IT systems, products, materials, and facilities. It also analyzes potential disruptive events like diseases, fires, and technology failures. Finally, it outlines the guidelines and principles for BCM from regulatory authorities like MAS, focusing on risk management, disaster recovery, and data center security.
This document outlines a risk assessment methodology for organizations. It discusses how risk assessments are often not implemented formally or do not provide practical advice. The presented method uses foundation documents, risk evaluation criteria, and a multi-round review process called the Delphic Technique to provide a standardized risk assessment. It recommends developing reusable templates, defining assessment scope and objectives, using the methodology to identify and evaluate risks, and creating formal treatment plans. Time is included as a variable to show changing risks over time. The goal is for assessments to identify practical risk reduction options.
Chapter 02 compliance_law_and_ethics test bank MANAGEMENT of INFORMATION SECU...husseinalshomali
This document contains a quiz on ethics, laws, and compliance related to information security. It covers topics such as different types of laws (e.g. civil law, criminal law), frameworks for ethics (e.g. normative ethics, applied ethics), specific laws and acts (e.g. Computer Security Act, Electronic Communications Privacy Act), and definitions of key compliance-related terms (e.g. deterrence, jurisdiction). The quiz contains 50 multiple choice questions to test understanding of these concepts.
The document discusses developing an information security program, including training methods and project planning tools. It provides examples of true/false questions about security program elements like the security education, training, and awareness program and work breakdown structure. Key aspects covered include the purpose of SETA to reduce accidental breaches, training methods like one-on-one and formal classes, and that the WBS documents minimum task attributes like work, individuals assigned, dates and expenses.
Connie Justice's curriculum vita summarizes her extensive education and experience in cybersecurity and information technology. She holds a D.Sc. in Cybersecurity as well as other degrees and certifications. Her professional experience includes roles in academia, consulting, and the military. She has received several awards for her work in cybersecurity education.
test bank MANAGEMENT of INFORMATION SECURITY, Fifth Editionhusseinalshomali
The document contains a quiz on information security concepts with multiple choice questions and answers. It covers topics like authentication, authorization, threats, attacks, and the CIA triad. Planning, organizing, leading and controlling are discussed as the four principles of management. Problem solving steps and specialized security areas are also listed. The document serves to test the reader's understanding of foundational information security terms and processes.
This document contains a chapter on governance and strategic planning for security. It includes multiple choice questions about topics like mission statements, strategic planning approaches, security life cycle models, roles and responsibilities in information security governance, and risk management standards. Key topics covered include the difference between top-down vs bottom-up strategic planning, the roles of the CISO and security manager, and frameworks for information security governance like ISO 27014.
This document provides a series of true/false questions about security management models and principles. It tests knowledge around topics like separation of duties, least privilege, need-to-know access controls, security frameworks, blueprints, and models from standards like ISO 27001, NIST, COSO, and more. The questions cover concepts around access control models, security architectures, change control principles, and guidance from standards and frameworks.
White Paper: Aligning application security and complianceSecurity Innovation
According to a study made by Microsoft Security Intelligence Report, application vulnerability are reported as much as 4 times more often than browser or operating system vulnerabilities combined. This growing danger needs to be approached from two different, yet complementary perspectives:
1. Companies should first start to acknowledge the importance of software application risk management and then implement security objectives and measures into the SDLC. The question here is how should they do this? What are the best practices and what are the general compliance requirements and regulations?
2. Handling software security in applications should be done after compliance rules. However, despite the existence of some authorities and regulations in this field, the general compliance requirements are still insufficiently detailed and are subject to change and improvement.
Since companies should follow the existent compliance requirements, but the latter seem to lack a coherent and explanatory guidance, the question of aligning application security to compliance requirements becomes a great challenge.
Why aren't companies paying enough attention to application risks and its security? Why is the latter so difficult to implement? What are the best practices than can be approached to do it, while still following the general regulations?
The following white paper extensively treats these questions and proposes to analyze the following:
1. How to align software development processes with corporate policies.
2. How to align software development activities with compliance requirements.
3. How to define an action plan to identify and remediate gaps between current and best practices.
Study master of cyber security at australia with scholarshipnewedgecs
Newedge is offering Study in Australia with Scholarship, Courses offered Master of Cyber security and Master Project Management and worlds Top University. for more details please contact 8885566102
This document provides information about the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification exam and training offered by Mercury Solutions. The CISA certification demonstrates expertise in information systems auditing and helps professionals keep their skills current. Mercury Solutions offers a 4-day training program covering the six domains tested on the CISA exam, administered biannually in June and December. The training will help candidates pass the 200-question, multiple choice exam and meet requirements for the globally recognized CISA certification.
Managed Security For A Not So Secure World Wp090991Erik Ginalick
This white paper discusses the need for managed security services given the growing threat landscape and constrained IT budgets. It notes that good security requires continual monitoring and adaptation to new threats. Compliance with regulations is also difficult given shrinking resources. Outsourcing security to an expert provider allows organizations to focus on core operations while gaining access to skilled professionals, comprehensive solutions, and expertise in managing security risks. The white paper concludes that a managed security strategy can help reduce costs and ensure compliance while allowing IT staff to focus on business needs.
This document provides information about multiple security education courses offered by ASIS International, including:
- APC I: Concepts and Methods, a foundational course covering fundamentals of assets protection held in November 2009 in Philadelphia.
- APC II: Practical Applications, a more advanced course applying security principles through case studies and strategies, held in May 2009 in San Francisco.
- APC III, focusing on leadership and management skills for senior security professionals, held in June 2009.
The document outlines the goals, benefits, schedules, locations, costs and registration details for each course. It promotes the courses as opportunities for security professionals to expand their knowledge and networks.
This document discusses information security personnel and positions. It provides examples of common qualifications for various roles like the CISO, security manager, and security technician. It also describes certifications relevant to different positions, such as the CISSP being applicable to security managers and CISOs, while the Security+ targets those with networking experience. Background checks, hiring practices, and outprocessing procedures are covered as important parts of managing information security personnel. The classifications of definers, builders, and administrators are presented as categories for information security positions.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) developed an interactive Security Risk Assessment Tool (SRA Tool) to help covered entities perform and document HIPAA security risk assessments. Although the SRA Tool was designed for health care providers, it is a helpful resource for all covered entities, including health plans and business associates. This Compliance Overview provides an summary of the SRA Tool and includes links to the tool and additional resources.
Cerita singkat mengisahkan tentang Cinta yang terjebak di pulau kecil yang akan tenggelam akibat badai. Cinta meminta pertolongan kepada Kekayaan yang sedang menaiki perahu, namun permintaan tolong Cinta ditolak karena perahu Kekayaan sudah penuh muat dengan harta bendanya. Cinta kemudian mendapat pertolongan dari Waktu yang bersedia menyelamatkannya sebelum pulau itu benar-benar tenggelam.
This document provides information about Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) and IPv4 transfers. It discusses how RPKI helps secure internet routing by preventing route hijacking and minimizing errors. Details are given on how to create and maintain ROA objects. Statistics show uptake of RPKI in various countries and economies in Southeast Asia. The document also covers who can do IPv4 transfers, the transfer process in MyAPNIC, and tips for pre-approval and listing transfers.
The document outlines a framework for developing an information security strategy and proposal for an organization. It recommends taking a top-down approach by first identifying the key sectors of people, processes, and technology and then drilling down to specific domains and technologies within each sector. It provides examples of domains such as identity and access management or network security. The framework is meant to help information security officers understand needs, prioritize investments, and develop a proposal to present to top management to obtain approval and funding for security initiatives.
This document provides information about developing effective information security policies. It discusses key components of information security policies like specifying penalties for unacceptable behavior and including an appeals process. The document also covers different types of policies, such as enterprise, issue-specific, and system-specific policies. It emphasizes that policies must be properly developed, distributed, understood, agreed to, applied, and enforced to be effective.
CISA Domain 4 Information Systems Operation | InfosectrainInfosecTrain
Study Flashcards On CISA Domain 4 Information Systems Operations, Maintenance and Support at Cram.com. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Infosectrain.com makes it easy to get the grade you want!
This document provides a summary of key concepts relating to security management practices, including definitions of terms like accreditation, certification, benchmarking, baselining, recommended practices, best practices, standards of due care, and performance measurements. It also describes NIST SP 800-37 as a common risk management framework that takes a three-tiered approach focusing first on organizational aspects, then business processes, and finally information systems. The document quizzes readers with multiple choice questions to test their understanding of these security management terms and processes.
This document discusses business continuity management (BCM). BCM is a holistic management process that identifies potential threats to an organization and their impacts, and provides a framework for building resilience. It discusses key components of BCM like staff, IT systems, products, materials, and facilities. It also analyzes potential disruptive events like diseases, fires, and technology failures. Finally, it outlines the guidelines and principles for BCM from regulatory authorities like MAS, focusing on risk management, disaster recovery, and data center security.
This document outlines a risk assessment methodology for organizations. It discusses how risk assessments are often not implemented formally or do not provide practical advice. The presented method uses foundation documents, risk evaluation criteria, and a multi-round review process called the Delphic Technique to provide a standardized risk assessment. It recommends developing reusable templates, defining assessment scope and objectives, using the methodology to identify and evaluate risks, and creating formal treatment plans. Time is included as a variable to show changing risks over time. The goal is for assessments to identify practical risk reduction options.
Chapter 02 compliance_law_and_ethics test bank MANAGEMENT of INFORMATION SECU...husseinalshomali
This document contains a quiz on ethics, laws, and compliance related to information security. It covers topics such as different types of laws (e.g. civil law, criminal law), frameworks for ethics (e.g. normative ethics, applied ethics), specific laws and acts (e.g. Computer Security Act, Electronic Communications Privacy Act), and definitions of key compliance-related terms (e.g. deterrence, jurisdiction). The quiz contains 50 multiple choice questions to test understanding of these concepts.
The document discusses developing an information security program, including training methods and project planning tools. It provides examples of true/false questions about security program elements like the security education, training, and awareness program and work breakdown structure. Key aspects covered include the purpose of SETA to reduce accidental breaches, training methods like one-on-one and formal classes, and that the WBS documents minimum task attributes like work, individuals assigned, dates and expenses.
Connie Justice's curriculum vita summarizes her extensive education and experience in cybersecurity and information technology. She holds a D.Sc. in Cybersecurity as well as other degrees and certifications. Her professional experience includes roles in academia, consulting, and the military. She has received several awards for her work in cybersecurity education.
test bank MANAGEMENT of INFORMATION SECURITY, Fifth Editionhusseinalshomali
The document contains a quiz on information security concepts with multiple choice questions and answers. It covers topics like authentication, authorization, threats, attacks, and the CIA triad. Planning, organizing, leading and controlling are discussed as the four principles of management. Problem solving steps and specialized security areas are also listed. The document serves to test the reader's understanding of foundational information security terms and processes.
This document contains a chapter on governance and strategic planning for security. It includes multiple choice questions about topics like mission statements, strategic planning approaches, security life cycle models, roles and responsibilities in information security governance, and risk management standards. Key topics covered include the difference between top-down vs bottom-up strategic planning, the roles of the CISO and security manager, and frameworks for information security governance like ISO 27014.
This document provides a series of true/false questions about security management models and principles. It tests knowledge around topics like separation of duties, least privilege, need-to-know access controls, security frameworks, blueprints, and models from standards like ISO 27001, NIST, COSO, and more. The questions cover concepts around access control models, security architectures, change control principles, and guidance from standards and frameworks.
White Paper: Aligning application security and complianceSecurity Innovation
According to a study made by Microsoft Security Intelligence Report, application vulnerability are reported as much as 4 times more often than browser or operating system vulnerabilities combined. This growing danger needs to be approached from two different, yet complementary perspectives:
1. Companies should first start to acknowledge the importance of software application risk management and then implement security objectives and measures into the SDLC. The question here is how should they do this? What are the best practices and what are the general compliance requirements and regulations?
2. Handling software security in applications should be done after compliance rules. However, despite the existence of some authorities and regulations in this field, the general compliance requirements are still insufficiently detailed and are subject to change and improvement.
Since companies should follow the existent compliance requirements, but the latter seem to lack a coherent and explanatory guidance, the question of aligning application security to compliance requirements becomes a great challenge.
Why aren't companies paying enough attention to application risks and its security? Why is the latter so difficult to implement? What are the best practices than can be approached to do it, while still following the general regulations?
The following white paper extensively treats these questions and proposes to analyze the following:
1. How to align software development processes with corporate policies.
2. How to align software development activities with compliance requirements.
3. How to define an action plan to identify and remediate gaps between current and best practices.
Study master of cyber security at australia with scholarshipnewedgecs
Newedge is offering Study in Australia with Scholarship, Courses offered Master of Cyber security and Master Project Management and worlds Top University. for more details please contact 8885566102
This document provides information about the Certified Information Systems Auditor (CISA) certification exam and training offered by Mercury Solutions. The CISA certification demonstrates expertise in information systems auditing and helps professionals keep their skills current. Mercury Solutions offers a 4-day training program covering the six domains tested on the CISA exam, administered biannually in June and December. The training will help candidates pass the 200-question, multiple choice exam and meet requirements for the globally recognized CISA certification.
Managed Security For A Not So Secure World Wp090991Erik Ginalick
This white paper discusses the need for managed security services given the growing threat landscape and constrained IT budgets. It notes that good security requires continual monitoring and adaptation to new threats. Compliance with regulations is also difficult given shrinking resources. Outsourcing security to an expert provider allows organizations to focus on core operations while gaining access to skilled professionals, comprehensive solutions, and expertise in managing security risks. The white paper concludes that a managed security strategy can help reduce costs and ensure compliance while allowing IT staff to focus on business needs.
This document provides information about multiple security education courses offered by ASIS International, including:
- APC I: Concepts and Methods, a foundational course covering fundamentals of assets protection held in November 2009 in Philadelphia.
- APC II: Practical Applications, a more advanced course applying security principles through case studies and strategies, held in May 2009 in San Francisco.
- APC III, focusing on leadership and management skills for senior security professionals, held in June 2009.
The document outlines the goals, benefits, schedules, locations, costs and registration details for each course. It promotes the courses as opportunities for security professionals to expand their knowledge and networks.
This document discusses information security personnel and positions. It provides examples of common qualifications for various roles like the CISO, security manager, and security technician. It also describes certifications relevant to different positions, such as the CISSP being applicable to security managers and CISOs, while the Security+ targets those with networking experience. Background checks, hiring practices, and outprocessing procedures are covered as important parts of managing information security personnel. The classifications of definers, builders, and administrators are presented as categories for information security positions.
The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) developed an interactive Security Risk Assessment Tool (SRA Tool) to help covered entities perform and document HIPAA security risk assessments. Although the SRA Tool was designed for health care providers, it is a helpful resource for all covered entities, including health plans and business associates. This Compliance Overview provides an summary of the SRA Tool and includes links to the tool and additional resources.
Cerita singkat mengisahkan tentang Cinta yang terjebak di pulau kecil yang akan tenggelam akibat badai. Cinta meminta pertolongan kepada Kekayaan yang sedang menaiki perahu, namun permintaan tolong Cinta ditolak karena perahu Kekayaan sudah penuh muat dengan harta bendanya. Cinta kemudian mendapat pertolongan dari Waktu yang bersedia menyelamatkannya sebelum pulau itu benar-benar tenggelam.
This document provides information about Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) and IPv4 transfers. It discusses how RPKI helps secure internet routing by preventing route hijacking and minimizing errors. Details are given on how to create and maintain ROA objects. Statistics show uptake of RPKI in various countries and economies in Southeast Asia. The document also covers who can do IPv4 transfers, the transfer process in MyAPNIC, and tips for pre-approval and listing transfers.
Lublin es una ciudad histórica en el este de Polonia. Fue fundada en el siglo X y se convirtió en una importante ciudad comercial debido a su ubicación en la ruta entre Varsovia y Kiev. Actualmente es la séptima ciudad más grande de Polonia y un importante centro académico y cultural.
This document is a student submission for a course on multimedia communications. It analyzes the Dailymotion video on demand service and assesses video quality. Specifically, it describes Dailymotion's technical requirements for uploaded videos, analyzes the H.264 video compression codec and mp4/mkv container formats used, and compares video quality when encoding videos in different bitrates and containers. It then outlines the experiment conducted to assess video quality using objective metrics like PSNR, SSIM, and VQM.
The document provides an analysis of T.S. Eliot's poem "The Wasteland" through the lens of surrealism. It notes that Eliot creates irrational juxtapositions of realistic images, like describing winter keeping people warm through forgetful snow. This challenges readers by not following logical expectations. Eliot also uses mysterious symbolism, like the title "The Wasteland," that the reader must work to interpret. Additionally, the disjointed narrative style resembles stream of consciousness writing, moving quickly between images with little connectivity, mimicking human thought processes. These surreal techniques make the poem difficult for readers to follow rationally and require assessing it on its own terms.
Dinas Kesehatan SulutTantangan dan Peluang Perdagangan Jasa Indonesia Samuel Hadjo
Dokumen tersebut membahas tantangan dan peluang bagi perdagangan jasa di Indonesia, dengan fokus pada rencana pembangunan kesehatan jangka panjang dan pencapaian target-target MDGs di bidang kesehatan. Dokumen ini juga menjelaskan program prioritas dan arah kebijakan pembangunan kesehatan di Sulawesi Utara beserta capaian targetnya.
This document discusses various ways to optimize costs when using AWS services including using elastic capacity to only pay for resources when they are turned on, choosing the appropriate EC2 instance types, leveraging reserved instances for consistent usage, taking advantage of lower priced spot instances, and using complementary services like SQS that have very low per usage costs. The strategies provided give examples of how to save 25-75% on costs through these optimization techniques.
Nosologia Clinica y Quirurgica de Musculo Esqueletico TUMORES OSEOS Dr Ruebe...Emma Díaz
El documento resume las características de cuatro tumores óseos: osteoma osteoide, condroma, condrosarcoma y tumor de células gigantes. El osteoma osteoide se presenta principalmente en niños y adolescentes y se trata quirúrgicamente mediante curetaje. El condroma es un tumor benigno que suele presentarse en manos y pies y requiere resección completa. El condrosarcoma es maligno y se diagnostica mediante radiología, tratándose quirúrgicamente con resección amplia. El tumor de células gigantes se
This short document promotes creating presentations using Haiku Deck on SlideShare. It encourages the reader to get started making their own Haiku Deck presentation by providing a button to click to begin the process. The document is advertising the creation of presentations on Haiku Deck and SlideShare.
Dokumen tersebut memberikan nasihat kepada pembaca untuk selalu bersyukur atas nikmat Allah, bekerja keras dalam menyelesaikan tugas, tidak putus asa menghadapi kesulitan, serta berserah diri kepada Allah atas segala hasil usaha manusia.
Status of modern technology implementation in college libraries of hailakandi...Kishor Satpathy
The document summarizes a study on the status of modern technology implementation in college libraries in Hailakandi District, Assam. It finds that the availability of modern technology is low, with most libraries not automated and computers mainly used for official work. It identifies lack of funds as the main barrier to technology adoption. Recommendations include increasing financial support, training library staff, automating operations, improving internet access, and developing library networks to share resources.
Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF, by Santanu Dasgupta.
A presentation given at the APNIC 40 APNIC Network Function Virtualization (NFV) BoF session on Tue, 8 Sep 2015.
The document outlines several advantages and disadvantages of using technology. The advantages include helping people communicate, gather information, improve living standards and education, provide entertainment, enable online shopping and social updates. However, the document also lists some disadvantages such as technology addiction, wasting time and money, eye strain, plagiarism, neglecting chores, lack of privacy, increased cybercrime, ruined lives, and virus spreading.
Key Concepts And Principles Of Internal Quality Assurance...Lanate Drummond
The document discusses strategies for quality improvement and innovation at Dover Saddlery, Inc., an equestrian tack and apparel retailer. It outlines concepts like total quality management, balanced scorecards, six sigma, and benchmarking that Dover Saddlery could implement. The company aims to enhance customer satisfaction and retention by applying these quality assurance methods and developing new products based on customer data and feedback.
CompTIA CySA Domain 5 Compliance and Assessment.pptxInfosectrain3
The CompTIA Cybersecurity Analyst (CySA+) certification is the industry standard for demonstrating that cybersecurity professionals can analyze data and interpret the results to detect vulnerabilities, threats, and risks to an organization.
A CIRO's-eye view of Digital Risk ManagementDaren Dunkel
The document discusses an interview with James Christiansen, VP of Information Risk Management for Optiv Security, which was formed from the merger of Accuvant and Fishnet Security. Christiansen discusses how the role of CISO is changing to focus more broadly on information risk management (CIRO). He emphasizes the importance of aligning cybersecurity spending with business objectives and risk exposure. In an ideal security program, there would be clear governance, reporting to the executive team, and balance between protective measures, visibility, and incident response capabilities. The document ends by discussing questions boards should ask executives about cybersecurity risks and oversight of the security program.
This document discusses a holistic approach to cyber risk management. It recommends conducting regular vulnerability assessments to understand risks and identify security gaps. Once vulnerabilities are found, assets should be protected according to the organization's risk tolerance by implementing security measures like access control and user training. Continuous monitoring is also important since threats change over time. The holistic approach involves people, processes, and technology, not just technology alone.
Meraj Ahmad - Information security in a borderless worldnooralmousa
The document discusses information security challenges in today's borderless world of increased mobile and cloud computing use. It notes that while organizations recognize new risks from these technologies, many are not adjusting policies or security awareness accordingly. The presentation recommends that organizations establish comprehensive risk management programs, conduct risk assessments, take an information-centric view of security, and increase security controls, awareness and outsourcing to address risks from mobile, cloud and social media use. It also provides a framework to transform security programs to better protect important data and enable business needs.
Mission Critical Global Technology Group (MCGlobalTech) provides information security and IT infrastructure management consulting services. They help organizations comply with industry standards and federal regulations to strengthen their security posture. MCGlobalTech assesses clients' security gaps and develops customized solutions involving governance, processes, and technology controls. Their full lifecycle of services includes assessment, planning, implementation, and continuous monitoring.
This document is an IT security assessment proposal from Cybersense that outlines the need for IT security assessments. It discusses why assessments are important for protecting organizations from cyber threats. The proposal describes Cybersense's approach, deliverables including a detailed report, and costs varying by project scope. Cybersense is presented as an information security consulting firm that can help organizations strengthen their security and risk management.
This document summarizes Stefan Taubenberger's PhD research on using business process security requirements for IT security risk assessment. The research aims to determine if IT security risks can be reliably evaluated solely based on assessing adherence to security requirements, without using probabilities and events. The approach involves modeling business processes, identifying critical assets and security requirements, and evaluating how well security controls and processes meet the requirements. Preliminary validation using a reinsurance company's processes supports the idea that risks can be determined this way. The research seeks to address limitations of traditional risk assessment approaches.
Information Security Analyst- Infosec trainInfosecTrain
The information has more exceptional value in today's highly competitive world. It helps organizations in many ways. From making accurate decisions to set up strategies to achieve their business goals, organizations rely extensively on the information system.
SBIC Report : Transforming Information Security: Future-Proofing ProcessesEMC
The report recommends that security teams shift their focus from technical assets to protecting critical business processes. It also suggests instituting methods for describing cybersecurity risks to businesses in financial terms and establishing automated, business-centric risk assessment processes. Additionally, the report advises developing the capability to continuously evaluate the effectiveness of security controls through evidence-based methods and informed data collection.
Mission Critical Global Technology Group (MCGlobalTech) is an information security and IT consulting firm that provides enterprise information security management services for commercial businesses. The document discusses why businesses need a formal security program to take an organized, enterprise-wide approach to managing security risks in a proactive manner. It outlines the key components of a security program and how MCGlobalTech can help clients develop a tailored program to protect their data, systems and meet their unique security needs.
NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS’ NEED TO ADDRESS SECURITY FOR EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT C...IJNSA Journal
The need for information security within small to mid-size companies is increasing. The risks of information security breach, data loss, and disaster are growing. The impact of IT outages and issues on the company are unacceptable to any size business and their clients. There are many ways to address the security for IT departments. The need to address risks of attacks as well as disasters is important to the IT security policies and procedures. The IT departments of small to medium companies have to address these security concerns within their budgets and other limited resources.Security planning, design, and employee training that is needed requires input and agreement from all levels of the company and management. This paper will discuss security needs and methods to implement them into a corporate infrastructure.
The document provides an overview of designing and developing an effective security awareness and training program. It defines security awareness training, discusses why such programs are important, and outlines best practices for doing it correctly. The presentation agenda includes defining security awareness training, discussing its importance, and presenting Mittal Technologies' security awareness training solution. The document then provides details on developing effective security awareness training, including establishing goals and success criteria, designing the program, developing training content at different levels, and tracking results.
Cyber security or information technology security are the techniques of protecting computers, networks, programs and data from unauthorized access or attacks that are aimed for exploitation.
IT Risk Management & Leadership 23 - 26 June 2013 Dubai360 BSI
WHY IS THIS IT RISK ASSESSMENT WORKSHOP IMPORTANT?
Are you effectively securing your organization’s IT systems that store, process, or transmit organizational information?
Is your IT risk management plan tailored to the specific risk profile of your business and being coordinated across all functional and business units?
With the release of IT Governance frameworks, requirements for risk management and new international standards entering the market, the pressure is mounting to ensure that all your IT risks are identified and the necessary action is taken – be this to mitigate them, accept or ignore them. So, how safe is your IT system? What are the risks that your organization is being exposed to?
The solution to this challenge is to establish an effective risk management process that protects the organization, not just its IT assets, and provides it with the ability to perform its mission.
Risk management is the process of identifying and assessing risk and taking preventive measures to reduce it to an acceptable level. It is critical that you develop an effective risk management program that assesses and mitigates risks within your IT systems and better manages these IT-related mission risks.
BENEFITS OF ATTENDING THIS WORKSHOP
Identify common IT project risks
Learn how to assess threats and vulnerabilities to create a risk response strategy
Understand what qualifies as risk with IT projects
Understand the most common IT risk sources
Qualify and quantify IT risks
Learn the difference between negative and positive IT risks
Develop an IT risk management plan
Plan risk response methods for IT risks
Create risk mitigation and contingency plans
Monitor and control project risks
Overcome resistance from stakeholders and team members
WHO SHOULD ATTEND THIS WORKSHOP
IT risk managers
IT security managers
Compliance officers
Program and project managers
IT project managers
IT operation manager
Contact Kris at kris@360bsi.com to register.
This document discusses the importance of information assurance for organizations. It notes that as businesses increasingly rely on web technology, the need for security grows as well. The document states that the company's web presence and information assurance is very important for future business growth. Protecting data and systems from cyber threats is a key responsibility. Overall, the document emphasizes that information assurance is a critical part of business success as technology usage expands.
This document discusses effective cyber security risk management through protection beyond compliance. It begins by introducing Vikas Bhatia, the founder and CEO of Kalki, who has over 18 years of experience in information security management. It then discusses how to assess risk by considering likelihood and impact, and how to determine where an organization is least prepared. It provides findings from research on how breaches have influenced board attention on cybersecurity and perceptions of effectiveness. It suggests improving board understanding of cybersecurity issues and risks. Overall, the document advocates for moving beyond compliance to properly manage cybersecurity risks.
Similar to Xevgenis_Michail_CI7130 Network and Information Security (20)
Xevgenis_Michail_CI7130 Network and Information Security
1. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
MSc IN NETWORKING AND DATA COMMUNICATIONS
COURSEWORK
MODULE:
CI7130: Network and Information Security
ID:___1465167_____
Module Coordinator:
Dr. Adamopoulos Dionisios & Dr. Katopodis Harrilaos
Date of Module:
23/5/2015
Name of Student:
Xevgenis Michail
Module:
Module Coordinator:
Kingston University London
2. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
Subject: Security Assessment of MX Security company.
Submission Date: 23/5/2015____________________________________
Grade (%):___________________________________________________
% Grade reduction because of submission delay: _____
(5% Grade reduction per every day of Cwk delay).
Final Grade (%): ________________________________________
Module:
Module Coordinator:
Kingston University London
3. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
Module:
Module Coordinator:
4. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
Executive Summary
Nowadays, every company uses computing systems in order to operate properly, it is
a fact that the part of security concerns the majority of the companies. Especially, in our
company, which offers data security to our clients, the security is a field that concerns us a
lot. Our company needs to be trustworthy in order to compete the other companies who sale
the same product. The reputation of our company should never be damaged, because our
reputation is the number one factor which affects the choice of the customers. The
customers choose us in order to store their data safely and keep them classified. Also they
should have access to their data whenever they want.
Nevertheless, if we fail to protect the data of a client this is something that will
damage our company’s reputation and that is a fact that may lead to financial loss due to
legal consequences. The damaging of company’s reputation may lead also to customer
leakage. That may lead to financial disaster. It is a fact that the level of competition is high in
the market so we should be aware of security issues in order to keep our company’s
reputation good and our company alive. The key issues of our company are the following:
• Company’s reputation.
• The data protection.
• The data availability to authorized people.
• The proper operation of our company.
During this security assessment we discover our company’s vulnerabilities and we
recommend solutions in order to face possible problems. During this procedure our goal is to
mitigate the risk of a damage of our company’s reputation and operation. The
aforementioned key issues are our guide throughout the report. The possible problems that
we aforementioned may be provoked because of problems in our computing systems that
are generated from the system itself. Also problems may occur due to a person who may
attack our computing systems through the network. That person may have several reasons
to attack, for example a competitor. In addition problems may occur accidentally for
example, an employ accidentally erases a cable.
In conclusion, finishing our report we propose countermeasures in order to mitigate
the risk of a danger. Based on our assessment, the countermeasures that we propose have
as ultimate goal the better organization of our company’s defensive line in order to be more
proactive against any possible threat. The countermeasures that we recommend are
beneficial not only for threats that may derive from attacker but also for threats that may
derived from deferent sources. The majority of our solutions are based on procedures that
our company should always follow and some solutions require the purchasing of equipment.
For the equipment that needs to be purchased our financial consult will provide us with
information about their cost. Also our recommendations are also beneficial for our
company’s operation. Finally, in matters of security it is better to be proactive than reactive.
Module:
Module Coordinator:
5. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
Preparation
During this report we will fulfill a security assessment based on OCTAVE-S
Framework. The three basic principles that the security assessment is based on are the
confidentiality, the integrity and the availability of the information. The OCTAVE method is a
qualitative method and is self-directed by enabling people to learn about security issues [1].
Also, OCTAVE consists of a set of criteria that includes principles, attributes and outputs. By
implementing the OCTAVE approach we organize workshops in our company and the
decisions ,concerning the level of importance for particular data resources, are taken by the
employees. The threats in this framework are defined by three logical structures . The first
phase is to build asset based threat profiles. In the second phase we identify infrastructure
vulnerabilities and in the third phase we develop security strategy and plans.[1],[2]
The OCTAVE method is ideal for our assessment because it is perfectly adjusted to
our company’s policies. Nowadays every company has information that needs to be
protected. By applying this method we can improve the organization’s security posture
without the involvement of outside experts and vendors , so the company’s budget will not
suffer any loss. Furthermore, by using this framework we can develop a team working spirit
and establish an open communication with the employees and also discover vulnerabilities
in our system and focus in critical issues. Nevertheless, this kind of approach should be
applied regularly because the flow of information is constant. However , the lack of
regularity may lead to data compromise or legal consequences. In addition , the OCTAVE
method is time consuming but it should not be neglected.[1]
As we aforementioned the execution of OCTAVE requires the creation of an analysis
team. During the first workshop we create the team that will cooperate with us to complete
our assessment. Our analysis team consists of the Network Administrator , the IT manager
,the HR manager , the Security officer and the Business Consult. The Network Administrator
plays a key role because he knows the architecture of the implemented network and he is
responsible for the maintenance of the network and its operation. The IT manager is
responsible for the operation of our company by testing our software equipment and by
evaluating our software problems mostly for the applications and operation systems that our
company uses. The HR manager also plays a key role because he is responsible for the
evaluation of the employees and the creation of profiles for every employee according to
their character. The Security officer is responsible for collecting information about new
cyberattacks and new hacking techniques. The Business Consult is responsible for the
financial part of our company that includes the distribution of the budget for the company’s
needs and also for the financial analysis of a possible failure of our company’s properly
operation.
The members of this analysis team have been chosen carefully in order to complete
the security assessment for our company. They have key roles in the company and each of
them is a part of the big puzzle that reflects our company’s security. The Network
Administrator and the IT manager have proven their knowledge in the field of
telecommunications and in the field of information and they will contribute in the matters of
technology .The HR manager has proven his knowledge in the field of psychology and
evaluation of an employee’s behavior that is a very important tool to fight back the social
Module:
Module Coordinator:
6. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
engineering. The Security officer has knowledge about new malicious techniques that have
been implemented by attackers and their frequency which are implemented. Also the
Business Consult has knowledge about the financial parts of the company and he can
indicate us which of the solutions that we propose are realistic and furthermore the financial
impact that the company can suffer in case of a failure.
Organization Overview
Our organization is responsible for the secure storage of classified records of our
clients. These records consist of critical information about the security of our clients. The
hardware that our clients use for their protection, as also the codes of the access cards and
the security alarms that they use, are very important information that needs to be classified.
Our ultimate goal is to avoid the violation of confidentiality, integrity and availability of our
information. The important assets of our company are the proper operation of our systems
and our data security. Furthermore, our software and our hardware are key components of
our organization's proper operation and are also critical assets. Nevertheless, it is a fact that
nowadays social engineering is a growing method that may lead to harmful consequences
for our company, so the people are also a key asset. Our goal is to improve our safety and
mitigate the risk of a danger. In addition, we should provide with information only people who
have the authorization and only after the procedure of their identification. Every employee,
according to the job role who has, has also the right privilege and the access in the system’s
operation.
The company is geographically distributed and consists of three branch offices and
one headquarter. The headquarter is located in Athens which is the capital of Greece and
the largest city in terms of population. Also in Athens the one of our three branches is
located in order to service the majority of our clients. The second branch is located in
Thessaloniki that is the second large city in Greece in terms of population and covers the
north region of the country. Our third branch is located in Chania in order to service our
customers in the south region of the country.
Furthermore, the headquarter and the branches communicate via VPN (Virtual
Private Network) connections. Each branch office consists of servers, switches, routers, pcs
and firewalls that are important for the company’s operation and their operation system is
Windows. At the application layer our company uses the web application Siebel that creates
the customers profile with all the necessary information. The headquarter is the center of
that enterprise network and consists of all the aforementioned machines too. At the
headquarter the most critical information is stored and secured the most critical information,
therefore it must be heavily secured. Nevertheless, it is important to provide internet access
when a customer visits the branch, therefore we provide a Wi-Fi connection. In addition,
clients who are away from our branch should be able to communicate with us via a WAN
(Wide Area Network) connection (Internet).
However, our employees who have access to critical information should use their pcs
wisely in order to keep the information secure and to service the clients. The operation of the
pc’s system is also Windows and is the version 7-64 bits. Also there are implemented
mechanisms for those pcs to avoid critical mistakes and to mitigate the risk of danger. For
the proper operation of our company we use the hardware that covers our needs. To
establish a secure communication between the headquarters and the branch offices we use
the Cisco RV320 Dual Gigabit WAN VPN Router [3]. Moreover, the company uses the Cisco
Module:
Module Coordinator:
7. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
SRP546W for the wireless internet connection of the customers who visit our branches [4].
The switches that we use in our company are Cisco 220 Series Smart Plus Switches [5].
DMZ
Interne t Fire wall
Wi-Fi
Inne r Firewall
Web Serve r/V M
Exchang e Server
A pplication
Se rver/VM
Database Serve r
Web Serve r
Customer
Interne t Firewa ll
Interne t
End Use r
E nd User
WAN Connection
VPN Connection
DMZ
Internet Fire wall
W i-Fi
Inne r Firewall
Web Serve r/VM
Exchang e Se rver
Applica tion Server/
VM Databa se
Se rver
Web Serve r
Custome r
Interne t
E nd User
End User
WAN Connection
VPN Connection
DMZ
Interne t Fire wall
Wi-Fi
Web Serve r/VM
E xchange Server
Applica tion Serve r/
V M Da tabase
Se rve r
W eb Serve r
Customer
Interne t
E nd Use r
E nd Use r
WAN Connection
VPN Connection
Internet Firewa ll
Interne t Firewall
DMZ
Internet Firewa ll
W i-Fi
Inne r Firew all
Web Serve r/V M
Exchange Se rver
Applica tion S erver/VM
Da tabase Serve r
Web Server
Customer
Interne t Fire wall
Internet
End Use r
End Use r
WAN Connection
VPN Connection
Backup Application
Server/V M Da tabase
Serve r
Backup W eb Server/VM
Exchang e Se rver
Internet Fire wall
Figure1. Network Map
Security Assessment
Important assets and areas of concern
During our security assessment we focus on company’s important assets that are
critical for our organization’s proper operation and for our data security. The important assets
for our company are the proper operation of our system and the confidentiality integrity and
availability of our information. Also, the functionality of our software and the proper operation
of our hardware are important assets and they influence the proper operation of the
company and the data security. However, the trustworthiness of our company is based on
the employees that we have selected, so the human factor is also an important asset.
Nevertheless, the important assets that we highlighted above should be protected
from possible threats. Threats that may damage our systems functionality and our data
security may occur by humans who use physical access to our machines either accidentally
either deliberately, for example a thief brakes into and steals the server. Another type of
threat is the human that uses network access and causes a system problem that may occur
accidentally or deliberately. Also, a software bug or a software malfunction should be
consider as a threat as well as a malfunction of the hardware that may lead also to the crash
of our system. However, threats may occur due to other reasons such us power supply
problems, telecommunications problems or unavailability and natural disasters.
Security Requirements
In order to face the possible threats that may lead to the organization’s malfunction
we should consider our security requirements. The following steps indicate our security
requirements:
• Our hardware equipment should be protected from unauthorized access by placing it
in rooms in which only authorized employees can enter by using their access cards.
Module:
Module Coordinator:
8. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
• Our software should operate properly, therefore we should regularly test it in order to
discover bugs or updates that are skipped.
• Our branches and our headquarters should have a secure communication by the
usage of VPN.
• The firewalls that we use should be placed properly in the network and we should
check regularly their configuration and their functionality.
• The logs from the IDS should be checked on a regular basis
• The routers that we use should be configured properly and should be tested
frequently.
• Our network machines should always be protected by an antivirus software.
• We should check and test the DMZ's proper operation
• Our company should use back up power generators and UPS in order to increase
our redundancy.
• Our company should use more than one ISP for redundancy.
Current protection strategy practices
During our workshops we have detected the key points of company’s current
protection strategy. The servers, the routers and other key components of our company are
located into rooms that are locked and secured from possible violation that may come from
outsiders and insiders. In those rooms only employees, who have the authorization, can
enter by using their access cards and the correct password. Also, the company has
configure the pc’s of the employees so they can have access only to information about
customer’s identification and not to critical information. In addition, these pc’s can have
access to the inner network of our company only if the end user enters the correct password
that has acquire from the Network Administrator. Also these pcs have the ability of rollback
in case of a mistake and they have access to the internet only to selected URL’s and web
applications. The employees are responsible people with basic knowledge about computer
security and they have been selected by the HR manager who has trained them.
Furthermore, the clients who communicate with the company via internet, use their
password to have access to chat applications and they cannot accidentally enter to our
system’s information. However, we have detected that the firewalls and the routers are not
patched regularly and the logs from the IDS are not checked every month. Also, at the
branches we have detect absence of the firewalls in key positions such us DMZ or server
domain. In addition the branch offices communicate with the headquarter via VPN
connections with L2TP and IPSec. Also, we have notice that software bugs and errors have
not been check and in some cases software updates are skipped. Additionally, we have
detect that our branches do not have UPS or an extra power generator in case of a power
supply problem and also they are not supported by a second ISP in case of a
telecommunication problem. Furthermore, our branches do not have backup servers and
their information is stored in the headquarter that has backup servers. The company uses
virtual machines so our system can be efficient and restorable.
Module:
Module Coordinator:
9. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
Organizational vulnerabilities
Finishing our workshops we were able to detect the organizational vulnerabilities.
One of those vulnerabilities is that the Network Administrator does not patch the routers and
the firewalls regularly and that may lead to harmful situations. Also in some cases firewalls
are not present or they are misplaced in critical points of the network. In addition, the logs
that the IDS provides us are not often observed so we cannot have a clear picture of the
traffic that the IDS captures. Also the IT manager does not check the software operation
regularly so bugs and errors are often skipped and the employees most of the time they do
not run the updates. Furthermore the fact that the branches do not have UPS or a power
generator and they do not use a second ISP and they do not have backup servers may lead
also to harmful situations.
Selection of critical assets and creation of threat profiles
Considering the current strategy of our company and the company’s vulnerabilities
we proceed to threat analysis. The properties of threat consist of the asset, the access, the
actor, the motive and the outcome. Building our threat profiles around the properties of
threat, we select the most critical assets for our company. The critical assets that we select
are the data protection, the software’s proper operation and the hardware’s proper operation.
Based on those critical assets we proceed to the creation of threat profiles. [2]
Table 1. Threat profiles
Asset Access Actor Motive Outcome
Data confidentiality Network access Outside Deliberate A hacker gains access to the
data of our clients so can cause
disclosure of data.
Data integrity Network access Outside Deliberate A hacker gains access to the
data of our clients and can
cause modification of data.
Data availability Network access Outside Deliberate A hacker may enter to our
system by exploiting our
vulnerabilities and may delete
our data and cause loss or
destruction of data.
Data availability Network access Outside Deliberate A hacker may enter our system
and may apply a DOS attack. As
a result the clients cannot have
access to their data until the
system has recovered. That is
an interruption to the company’s
operation and the data are not
available.
Software operation - Software defects - The lack of the regular updates
and the fact that the bugs are
not checked may cause
malfunction of our software and
as a result we may have data
modification.
Software operation - Software defects - The lack of the regular testing of
our software for bugs and
updates that are skipped can
cause malfunction and probably
loss or destruction of our data.
Module:
Module Coordinator:
10. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
Software operation - Software defects - A malfunction of our software
may cause interruption to the
operation of our company and
data availability due to bugs and
updates that are skipped in our
software.
Hardware operation - Hardware defects - The absence of backup
machines such us servers and
disks may cause loss or
destruction of our data in case of
a hardware problem.
Hardware operation - Hardware defects - The absence of backup
machines such as servers in
warm state and disks may cause
interruption of our company’s
operation and data
unavailability.
Data integrity - Power supply
problems
- The absence of a backup power
generator and UPS can cause
data modification in case of a
power supply problem.
Data availability - Power supply
problems
- The lack of UPS and the lack of
a backup power generator may
lead to data loss or destruction
in case of a power supply
problem.
Data availability - Power supply
problems
- The absence of UPS and the
lack of a backup power
generator may lead to
interruption of company’s
operation and data unavailability
in case of a power supply
problem.
Data availability - Telecommunication
problems
- The fact that our company uses
one ISP may lead to interruption
of our company’s operation and
data unavailability in case of a
telecommunication problem that
our ISP faces.
Finishing the creation of the threat profiles, we perform gap analysis. A hacker who
uses network access and obviously has deliberate motive, he may cause danger for the
safety of our data. If the hacker gets access to our client’s data he might cause disclosure of
data and also modification. Also, it is in hacker’s will to cause loss or destruction of the data
and of course, because he is in our system, to apply a DOS attack or other kinds of attack in
order to interrupt our company’s operation. Furthermore, a software defect that occurs from
our software’s vulnerabilities due to bugs or skipped updates may harm our software
operation and as a result may cause modification, loss or destruction of our data and also
may interrupt the organization’s operation. In addition, a hardware defect that occurs from
our physical components may harm our hardware and lead to loss or destruction of our data
and interruption of our company’s procedures. Also, a power supply problem may cause
modification, loss or destruction of our data and also interruption of our system’s operation.
Additionally, a telecommunication problem may lead to interruption of our company’s
operation.
Key operational components of IT infrastructure and security risks
Focusing on the IT infrastructure of our company, we select the key components that
are part of it. Those components are the firewalls that are placed to guard our network and
Module:
Module Coordinator:
11. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
our data, the routers that control the traffic of our network, the IDS that informs us about any
malicious attempt that outsiders may present, the software that is implemented on our
system, and the hardware that we use in order to operate our company. The firewalls that
our company uses are able to control the network layer and the application layer. However
the absence of a firewall at important parts of the network and the lack of regular patching
may lead to unauthorized access by a hacker. The routers that are used by our company are
important also for our security and they are able to control the network traffic by the
implementation of their applied access lists. Nevertheless, the lack of regular patching may
lead to malfunctions that can be exploited by a hacker. The IDS is able to record with the
usage of logs the attempts of an unknown malicious person to enter in our system. However,
the lack of regular observation of IDS’s logs may lead to an unauthorized action and
eventually to an attack in our system. The software needs to be updated and the bugs that
the software produces should be checked. The insufficient software testing might lead to
software malfunction or to an unauthorized use of the equipment. The hardware that our
company uses to store the data of our clients and to operate our organization should operate
properly. The insufficient maintenance, the lack of periodic replacement of our hardware and
the susceptibility to voltage variations may lead to an undesired action such us the loss or
destruction of data or the interruption of company’s operation. The aforementioned
vulnerabilities may lead to unauthorized action against our critical assets.
The risk derives from the coexistence of threat and vulnerability. As we mentioned
before the vulnerabilities of our system may be exploited by the threats which are described
by the threat profiles. In that case the risk is high. The likelihood of this event is also high
and the critical assets may suffer damage such as disclosure, modification, loss or
destruction and interruption to the company’s operation. As a result the threat impact is
major and may lead to harmful consequences for our company such as a financial problem
or damaging of reputation and the brand name. In conclusion we characterize the risk as
critical. The fact that somebody with deliberate motive gets access to our company and may
damage our critical asset that is the data may lead to bad reputation of our company and to
financial loss. The fact that our company faces software defects may lead to software
problems that is a critical asset. Also the fact that our organization faces hardware defects
that may lead to hardware problems that is a critical asset and can cause damage to our
operation and to our data. Finally, other problems that might occur such as a power supply
problem or a telecommunication problem may lead to an interruption of our operation and
may damage our data. All the above situations are characterized by a high risk.
Countermeasures
In order to mitigate the risk we should take countermeasures. The countermeasures
should be relevant to the vulnerabilities of our system. In order to defend against the
unauthorized access of an outsider who has deliberate motive we should place firewalls to
the vulnerable domains of our network and regularly patch them and test them. Also our
routers should be tested and patched regularly. It is important to test our Firewalls regularly
and patched in a monthly basis .The configuration of the firewalls should be changed only by
the permission of the IT manager. The routers that we use should be implemented with
access lists and their information should be encrypted. Also they should disallow the IP
directed broadcasts, the incoming packets at the device sourced with invalid address, the
TCP small services, UDP small services, all source routing and all web services running on
the device. The routers should be patched and maintained every 3 months, if they providing
Module:
Module Coordinator:
12. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
connectivity to external networks, or every 6 months if they are not connected to external
networks. In addition the logs from the IDS should be checked in a regular basis in order to
have a clear picture of the malicious attempts of an outsider. Also the software that we use
should be tested frequently and every anomalous behavior should be analyzed in order to
face bugs or other vulnerabilities. The employees should not skip the updates. [6]
Furthermore, our software needs to be maintained and we should purchase devices
for backup in case of a failure. Also our company should use honeypots. By the usage of
honeypots we can buy some time by tricking the intruder and as a result we can save our
data and we can organize better our defensive line. Also by the implementation of honeypots
we may gain some information about the attacker [8]. In addition, the internet connection
and the wireless connections should be segregated by the use of DMZ (De-Militarized
Zone), which should contain application layer firewalls and strong authentication.
Furthermore, in order to face power supply problems, natural disasters or telecommunication
problems, we should use power generators and UPS in case of a power supply problem, our
data should be saved in a place that is located at another geographical domain in case of
natural disaster and we should use more than one ISP in case of a telecommunication
problem. [6]
REFERENCES
1. The OCTAVE methodology as a risk analysis tool for business resources, Pyka Marek, Januszkiewicz
Paulina ,Academy of Business in Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland.
2. OCTAVESM* Threat Profiles, Christopher Alberts and Audrey Dorofee, Software Engineering Institute
Carnegie Mellon University.
3. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/routers/small-business-srp500-series-services-ready-
platforms/data_sheet_c78-550705.html
4. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/routers/rv320-dual-gigabit-wan-vpn-
router/data_sheet_c78-726132.html
5. http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/collateral/switches/small-business-220-series-smart-plus-
switches/datasheet-c78-731284.html
6. CGIAR Network Infrastructure, Security Good Practice Guide ,August 2009
7. Security Assessments, Eckhard Pfluegel
8. Honeypots Revealed ,Mohamed Noordin Yusuff, IT Security Officer , Specialist Dip. Info Security, MA.
Internet Security Mgmt (Ongoing)
Module:
Module Coordinator:
13. FACULTY OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENTS OF ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING
TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE OF PIRAEUS
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