12. Critical phrases
12
Drawbacks Speech recognition is usually tackled in
one of two ways. The obvious way is to
simply feed all the speech through an
analogue to digital converter and use the
computer to perform all the hard work.
Unfortunately this method has a
number of drawbacks, notably the time
taken to perform the analysis. For
speech recognition to be of any real
use, however, the computer must seem
to ‘understand’ the speech as fast as
another human, the number crunching
approach rarely achieves this.
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13. Critical phrases
13
Planning advice for those responsible for
establishing partnerships of various kinds
is now widely available. Rational planning
models have several shortcomings —
there is the danger that the plan becomes
all important, the wider goals get lost.
There is the danger that the plan
becomes fossilised, static and
unresponsive to new intelligence or other
changed circumstances. The most
serious danger, however, is that the
‘people bit’ gets lost — plans often
assume that people will work and
prosecute them in logical, rational
ways, which of course they do not. The
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reality is a good deal messier and more
14. 14
Limitations
La Fontaine (1988, p.3) has also shown that
while the British surveys she reviewed all
used sample designs of the whole
population ‘they suffered from serious
limitations [and]…there is evidence that
the methods of obtaining information
influence the reporting rate’. She feels they
might underestimate the prevalence and
notes that in the American study by Russell
(1986), which was particularly careful in
choosing and training interviewers, the
prevalence rate uncovered, for intrafamilial
and extrafamilial sexual abuse was 58 per
cent when non-contact abuse was included
and 38 per cent when it was excluded.
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15. 15
Serious His Lordship concluded that the
issue company could restrain the receivers
from proceeding further when they
had sufficient assets to redeem the
receivership, and if there was a
serious issue to be tried as to
whether that point had been
reached, then an injunction could be
granted. The serious issue was the
dispute over the proper amount of
remuneration.
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16. 16
Common A common criticism of both these
criticism theories is that they simply look at the
end result of education; they are
examples of an ‘input/output’ model.
However, recent Marxist critiques of
education (e.g. Willis 1977; Apple 1982)
have concentrated more closely on the
contradictions implicit in the experience
of schooling:the process by which
inequality is created and renewed, and
the cultural resistance of pupils to the
dominant ideology.
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18. Writing critical sentences
18
• in this research area • great limitations
• the design of • comes from
experiments • one of the
• two main drawbacks • in this research area
• the problem • to conceive of serious
• It does not account for alternative
explanations of their
• this explanation data
• account for the • the inability of
relatively decreased researchers
effect of 16/11/2011
19. Example
19
There are two main drawbacks to the design of
experiments in this research area.
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21. 21
• a similar difficulty • of the study
• we examine • there was a number
• as a result of the discussion • of major criticisms
• the amount of actual change • of various aspects
in opinion accomplished
• arises • as something very abstract
• as instances of displaced • with the theories of change
aggression • is that they treat the
• the second problem subject
• can be readily explained • one drawback
• these results • this sort of theory
• particularly the problem of
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22. Example
22
A similar difficulty arises when we examine
the amount of actual change in opinion
accomplished as a result of the discussion.
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