Public
Jason Cao/SAP Digital Experience Marketing – Las Vegas
Elizabeth Imm/SAP Market Introduction Services – Berlin
EA104 – Wrangling Messy Data
A True Story
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2Public
Disclaimer
This presentation outlines our general product direction and should not be relied on in making a
purchase decision. This presentation is not subject to your license agreement or any other agreement
with SAP. SAP has no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this presentation or to
develop or release any functionality mentioned in this presentation. This presentation and SAP's
strategy and possible future developments are subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any
time for any reason without notice. This document is provided without a warranty of any kind, either
express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a
particular purpose, or non-infringement. SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this
document, except if such damages were caused by SAP intentionally or grossly negligent.
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3Public
Agenda
The Setting – The SAP Community Network (SCN)
The Players – Understanding Roles in Data Analysis
The Plot – Introducing Gamification on SCN
The goals for gamifying SCN
The Conflict – Messy data & other data problems
The Resolution – Approaching the problem
3 SAP Lumira Use-Cases with SCN Gamification Data
The End – “And they lived happily ever after”…or do they?
What’s next for SCN’s Gamification team?
The SAP Community Network
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 5Public
About SAP Community Network (SCN)
A High-Tech, Professional Community
A 11-year old, mature community: Open to all
Need to encourage quality contributions
A place to grow reputation: Contributions showcase expertise
Serious game
Gamification on SCN
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7Public
What is Gamification: Definition
Gamification is the use of game-
thinking and game mechanics in a
non-game context in order to
engage users and solve problems.
Gamification is used in
applications and processes to
improve user engagement, ROI,
data quality, timeliness, and
learning.
Source: Wikipedia
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 8Public
Why Introduce Advanced Game Mechanics?
Boost
Participation
Build
Reputation
Inject Fun
Drive
Behaviors
Address
Challenges
with Old
System
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 9Public
The SCN Experience
Goal: Boost Participation
Registration:
Missions and badges for
first-time login and
onboarding
Contributions:
Missions and badges
for first contributions
and more
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 10Public
The SCN Experience
Goal: Drive Behaviors
Ethics:
Requirements in
missions to read the
rules of engagement and
how to search
Feedback:
Pay It Forward
mission to reward
positive engagement
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11Public
The SCN Experience
Goal: Build Reputation
Quality:
Missions that require not
only content creation but
receiving good feedback
on the content
Quality:
Prerequisite of a certain
level before you can
earn some missions
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 12Public
The SCN Experience
Goal: Inject Fun
Hidden missions,
unexpected
recognition
SCN 10-year
anniversary
Data Geek Challenge
Messy Data & Other Data
Problems
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 14Public
Mission Completion (Badges Awarded)
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 15Public
Member Activity Comparison (Total Action Count)
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 16Public
Increase in Active Users (Those who logged an action)
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
APR-28-2013 MAY-5-2013 MAY-12-2013 MAY-19-2013 MAY-26-2013
Active Users
(Logged an Action)
Active Users
WK 1 19,445
WK 2 21,728
WK 3 22,623
WK 4 36,084
143%
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 17Public
The Plot Thickens…
Duplicate data
Senseless data
Disparate data
Corrupted data
Roles in Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 19Public
People of Many Hats
DECISION MAKERS ANALYSTS DESIGNERS
Leverage Knowledge Activate Data Build Data
Assets
Approaching the Problem
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 21Public
Whiteboarding for our Proof of Concept
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 22Public
Result of Initial Data Cleansing
Total
100M
Rows
3M Clean Rows
Sensible data…
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 23Public
Data
Acquisition Prepare Room (and Object Picker)
Visualize/
Compose
Room
Predict
Room
Share
Room
Seven Common Data Analysis Tasks
Data analyst workflows often consists of seven high-level activity groups:
• Iterative activities, not linear
• Not all equal weight/time
Find
Wrangle
Profile
Enhance
Visualize
Predict
Share
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 24Public
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Find – Examples:
• Data Connectivity / Opening Files
• Knowing who to ask
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 25Public
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Wrangle – Examples:
• Merge datasets
• Clean data
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26Public
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Profile:
• Comparing data (e.g. spelling)
• Leading spaces or zero's
• Structured and unstructured data
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 27Public
Enhance:
• Add/Remove columns
• Hierarchies and calculations
• Geography and time
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 28Public
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Visualize:
• Creating charts and visualizations
• (Note: a table is considered a visualization as well)
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 29Public
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 30Public
Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks
Share:
• Cloud
• Server
• Email (visualization and dataset)
Data Analysis
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 31Public
Sharing with Lumira Cloud and Lumira Server
Desktop
IT
SAP Lumira
Server
MobileWeb
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 32Public
3 Data Workflows for SAP Lumira Server
Lumira Datasets
(real-time or static)
Lumira Stories
SAP
Lumira
SAP HANA
Studio
Use Case 1
How are missions influencing community adoption?
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34Public
Playing Around With Visualizations
Too many segments to be useful! Interesting visualization, but irrelevant!
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35Public
Data Preparation Basics
Replace Filter
Rank
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 36Public
Insight to Help Us Focus on What Matters
Email reminders
add limited value
to onboarding.
Stop mass emails,
& focus on closing
onboarding gap.
Better use of
resources to focus
on activating
members.
Mass email
campaign
Use Case 2
What’s the best day to launch missions on SCN?
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 38Public
Data Preparation Basics
Group Replace
39© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
40© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 41Public
Increasing Mission Design Maturity
Design + planning
can influence
mission success.
Revise launch
practice to include
timing and
promotion.
More mature
launch plan, with
greater community
awareness.
Use Case 3
Can we reduce bad behavior?
~ quoted from SCN discussion thread
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 43Public
Observations | 9 Months After Launch
Current Challenges Opportunities
Increased point cheating and plagiarism
(perceived as disproportionate to activity
increase).
Dissatisfaction of loyal, well-established
members and newer members alike.
High operational effort needed to address these
issues.
Strengthen quality requirements in badged
mission.
Further de-emphasize quantity and points in
favor of increased quality and meaningful
engagement.
Think of a transforming approach in 2 steps.
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 44Public
Data Preparation Basics
Group Hierarchy and Filter
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 45Public
Turning Data Into Insight
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 46Public
Feedback from Moderators
“Wow! These features really did wonders.
Most of the people we reported from SD
space are gone, that itself indicates the
impact.” (Jyoti Prakash)
“I especially think the removal of points
from Likes has eliminated about 2/3 of the
point games.” (Michael Appleby)
78%
of Moderators who responded
to our poll report that changes
had a positive impact
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 47Public
Creating Awareness for Community Challenges
We can influence
specific member
behaviors.
Create missions
that harness
gaming energy to
desired behaviors.
Greater awareness
of community
topics. Good
behaviors.
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 48Public
Conclusion
Focus on your goal
- cut out the rest.
The more we
know, the more
questions we have.
Start with the end
in mind.
Epilogue
50© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
Get into
the
Game!
while (true)
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 50Public
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 51Public
SAP d-code Virtual Hands-on Workshops and SAP d-code Online
Continue your SAP d-code education after the event!
SAP d-code Online
Access replays of keynotes, Demo Jam, SAP d-code
live interviews, select lecture sessions, and more!
Hands-on replays
http://sapdcode.com/online
SAP d-code Virtual Hands-on Workshops
Access hands-on workshops post-event
Starting January 2015
Complementary with your SAP d-code registration
http://sapdcodehandson.sap.com
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 52Public
Further Information
SAP Education and Certification Opportunities
www.sap.com/education
Watch SAP d-code Online
www.sapcode.com/online
SAP Public Web
scn.sap.com/community/lumira
www.saplumira.com
www.sap.com/LearnBI
53© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
Feedback
Please complete your session evaluation for
<session EA104>.
Jason Cao {jason.cao@sap.com}
Follow me on Twitter {@JayChaos}
Thanks for attending this SAP TechEd && d-code session.
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 53Public
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 54Public
© 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an
SAP affiliate company.
SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP SE
(or an SAP affiliate company) in Germany and other countries. Please see http://global12.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark
information and notices.
Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors.
National product specifications may vary.
These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP SE or its
affiliated companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP SE or
SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing
herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty.
In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this document or any related presentation, or to develop or
release any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SE’s or its affiliated companies’ strategy and possible future
developments, products, and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for
any reason without notice. The information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward-
looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place
undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates, and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.

Wrangling Messy Data - A True Story

  • 1.
    Public Jason Cao/SAP DigitalExperience Marketing – Las Vegas Elizabeth Imm/SAP Market Introduction Services – Berlin EA104 – Wrangling Messy Data A True Story
  • 2.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 2Public Disclaimer This presentation outlines our general product direction and should not be relied on in making a purchase decision. This presentation is not subject to your license agreement or any other agreement with SAP. SAP has no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this presentation or to develop or release any functionality mentioned in this presentation. This presentation and SAP's strategy and possible future developments are subject to change and may be changed by SAP at any time for any reason without notice. This document is provided without a warranty of any kind, either express or implied, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, or non-infringement. SAP assumes no responsibility for errors or omissions in this document, except if such damages were caused by SAP intentionally or grossly negligent.
  • 3.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 3Public Agenda The Setting – The SAP Community Network (SCN) The Players – Understanding Roles in Data Analysis The Plot – Introducing Gamification on SCN The goals for gamifying SCN The Conflict – Messy data & other data problems The Resolution – Approaching the problem 3 SAP Lumira Use-Cases with SCN Gamification Data The End – “And they lived happily ever after”…or do they? What’s next for SCN’s Gamification team?
  • 4.
  • 5.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 5Public About SAP Community Network (SCN) A High-Tech, Professional Community A 11-year old, mature community: Open to all Need to encourage quality contributions A place to grow reputation: Contributions showcase expertise Serious game
  • 6.
  • 7.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 7Public What is Gamification: Definition Gamification is the use of game- thinking and game mechanics in a non-game context in order to engage users and solve problems. Gamification is used in applications and processes to improve user engagement, ROI, data quality, timeliness, and learning. Source: Wikipedia
  • 8.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 8Public Why Introduce Advanced Game Mechanics? Boost Participation Build Reputation Inject Fun Drive Behaviors Address Challenges with Old System
  • 9.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 9Public The SCN Experience Goal: Boost Participation Registration: Missions and badges for first-time login and onboarding Contributions: Missions and badges for first contributions and more
  • 10.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 10Public The SCN Experience Goal: Drive Behaviors Ethics: Requirements in missions to read the rules of engagement and how to search Feedback: Pay It Forward mission to reward positive engagement
  • 11.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 11Public The SCN Experience Goal: Build Reputation Quality: Missions that require not only content creation but receiving good feedback on the content Quality: Prerequisite of a certain level before you can earn some missions
  • 12.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 12Public The SCN Experience Goal: Inject Fun Hidden missions, unexpected recognition SCN 10-year anniversary Data Geek Challenge
  • 13.
    Messy Data &Other Data Problems
  • 14.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 14Public Mission Completion (Badges Awarded)
  • 15.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 15Public Member Activity Comparison (Total Action Count)
  • 16.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 16Public Increase in Active Users (Those who logged an action) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 APR-28-2013 MAY-5-2013 MAY-12-2013 MAY-19-2013 MAY-26-2013 Active Users (Logged an Action) Active Users WK 1 19,445 WK 2 21,728 WK 3 22,623 WK 4 36,084 143%
  • 17.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 17Public The Plot Thickens… Duplicate data Senseless data Disparate data Corrupted data
  • 18.
    Roles in DataAnalysis
  • 19.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 19Public People of Many Hats DECISION MAKERS ANALYSTS DESIGNERS Leverage Knowledge Activate Data Build Data Assets
  • 20.
  • 21.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 21Public Whiteboarding for our Proof of Concept
  • 22.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 22Public Result of Initial Data Cleansing Total 100M Rows 3M Clean Rows Sensible data…
  • 23.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 23Public Data Acquisition Prepare Room (and Object Picker) Visualize/ Compose Room Predict Room Share Room Seven Common Data Analysis Tasks Data analyst workflows often consists of seven high-level activity groups: • Iterative activities, not linear • Not all equal weight/time Find Wrangle Profile Enhance Visualize Predict Share
  • 24.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 24Public Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Find – Examples: • Data Connectivity / Opening Files • Knowing who to ask Data Analysis
  • 25.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 25Public Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Wrangle – Examples: • Merge datasets • Clean data Data Analysis
  • 26.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 26Public Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Profile: • Comparing data (e.g. spelling) • Leading spaces or zero's • Structured and unstructured data Data Analysis
  • 27.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 27Public Enhance: • Add/Remove columns • Hierarchies and calculations • Geography and time Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Data Analysis
  • 28.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 28Public Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Visualize: • Creating charts and visualizations • (Note: a table is considered a visualization as well) Data Analysis
  • 29.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 29Public Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Data Analysis
  • 30.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 30Public Seven High-level Data Analysis Tasks Share: • Cloud • Server • Email (visualization and dataset) Data Analysis
  • 31.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 31Public Sharing with Lumira Cloud and Lumira Server Desktop IT SAP Lumira Server MobileWeb
  • 32.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 32Public 3 Data Workflows for SAP Lumira Server Lumira Datasets (real-time or static) Lumira Stories SAP Lumira SAP HANA Studio
  • 33.
    Use Case 1 Howare missions influencing community adoption?
  • 34.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 34Public Playing Around With Visualizations Too many segments to be useful! Interesting visualization, but irrelevant!
  • 35.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 35Public Data Preparation Basics Replace Filter Rank
  • 36.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 36Public Insight to Help Us Focus on What Matters Email reminders add limited value to onboarding. Stop mass emails, & focus on closing onboarding gap. Better use of resources to focus on activating members. Mass email campaign
  • 37.
    Use Case 2 What’sthe best day to launch missions on SCN?
  • 38.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 38Public Data Preparation Basics Group Replace
  • 39.
    39© 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
  • 40.
    40© 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved.
  • 41.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 41Public Increasing Mission Design Maturity Design + planning can influence mission success. Revise launch practice to include timing and promotion. More mature launch plan, with greater community awareness.
  • 42.
    Use Case 3 Canwe reduce bad behavior? ~ quoted from SCN discussion thread
  • 43.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 43Public Observations | 9 Months After Launch Current Challenges Opportunities Increased point cheating and plagiarism (perceived as disproportionate to activity increase). Dissatisfaction of loyal, well-established members and newer members alike. High operational effort needed to address these issues. Strengthen quality requirements in badged mission. Further de-emphasize quantity and points in favor of increased quality and meaningful engagement. Think of a transforming approach in 2 steps.
  • 44.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 44Public Data Preparation Basics Group Hierarchy and Filter
  • 45.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 45Public Turning Data Into Insight
  • 46.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 46Public Feedback from Moderators “Wow! These features really did wonders. Most of the people we reported from SD space are gone, that itself indicates the impact.” (Jyoti Prakash) “I especially think the removal of points from Likes has eliminated about 2/3 of the point games.” (Michael Appleby) 78% of Moderators who responded to our poll report that changes had a positive impact
  • 47.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 47Public Creating Awareness for Community Challenges We can influence specific member behaviors. Create missions that harness gaming energy to desired behaviors. Greater awareness of community topics. Good behaviors.
  • 48.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 48Public Conclusion Focus on your goal - cut out the rest. The more we know, the more questions we have. Start with the end in mind.
  • 49.
  • 50.
    50© 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Get into the Game! while (true) © 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 50Public
  • 51.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 51Public SAP d-code Virtual Hands-on Workshops and SAP d-code Online Continue your SAP d-code education after the event! SAP d-code Online Access replays of keynotes, Demo Jam, SAP d-code live interviews, select lecture sessions, and more! Hands-on replays http://sapdcode.com/online SAP d-code Virtual Hands-on Workshops Access hands-on workshops post-event Starting January 2015 Complementary with your SAP d-code registration http://sapdcodehandson.sap.com
  • 52.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 52Public Further Information SAP Education and Certification Opportunities www.sap.com/education Watch SAP d-code Online www.sapcode.com/online SAP Public Web scn.sap.com/community/lumira www.saplumira.com www.sap.com/LearnBI
  • 53.
    53© 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. Feedback Please complete your session evaluation for <session EA104>. Jason Cao {jason.cao@sap.com} Follow me on Twitter {@JayChaos} Thanks for attending this SAP TechEd && d-code session. © 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 53Public
  • 54.
    © 2014 SAPSE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. 54Public © 2014 SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or for any purpose without the express permission of SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. SAP and other SAP products and services mentioned herein as well as their respective logos are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP SE (or an SAP affiliate company) in Germany and other countries. Please see http://global12.sap.com/corporate-en/legal/copyright/index.epx for additional trademark information and notices. Some software products marketed by SAP SE and its distributors contain proprietary software components of other software vendors. National product specifications may vary. These materials are provided by SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company for informational purposes only, without representation or warranty of any kind, and SAP SE or its affiliated companies shall not be liable for errors or omissions with respect to the materials. The only warranties for SAP SE or SAP affiliate company products and services are those that are set forth in the express warranty statements accompanying such products and services, if any. Nothing herein should be construed as constituting an additional warranty. In particular, SAP SE or its affiliated companies have no obligation to pursue any course of business outlined in this document or any related presentation, or to develop or release any functionality mentioned therein. This document, or any related presentation, and SAP SE’s or its affiliated companies’ strategy and possible future developments, products, and/or platform directions and functionality are all subject to change and may be changed by SAP SE or its affiliated companies at any time for any reason without notice. The information in this document is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code, or functionality. All forward- looking statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of their dates, and they should not be relied upon in making purchasing decisions.