The document discusses several revolutions and documents important to the development of constitutional monarchies and democracies, including the Magna Carta, Glorious Revolution, English Bill of Rights, Enlightenment thinkers like Montesquieu and Locke, and documents like the Declaration of Independence. Key events and documents established limits on monarchal power, concepts like natural rights and separation of powers, and democratic governments.

1. The Revolutions
A Revolution is a war in a country where it’s uprising when they have different
opinions they force their side of the issue.

2. Magna Carta.
What country was it written for?
Magna Carta was written for England
When was it written?
The Magna Carta was written in 1215.
What did it do to the power of Monarchies?
The monarch could only perform strictly ceremonial duties or may have reserve powers, depending on the
constitution. Under most modern constitutional monarchies there is also a prime ministry who is the head of
government and exercises effective political power.
How was this a form of “rule of law”?
Magna Carta was a form of “rule of law” because today the rule of law and its principals are apparent
throughout the Judicial process which had made documents such as Magna Carta and Bill of Rights laid on a
basis on which the rule of law and its principals were formed.

3. Glorious Revolution.
Where did it take place?
Glorious Revolution took place in England in the year 1688.
Who took over as king of this country?
King James II took over as king of this country.
What document changed the power of kings forever and was a result of this revolution?
The Magna Carter legal document changed the power of the kings forever and was a result of this revolution.

4. The English Bill of Rights.
When was it written?
The Bill of Rights was written in 1689.
In two sentences, explain what it did.
The English Bill of Rights registered in statutory form the outcome of the long 17th century struggle between
the Stuart Kings and the English Parliament, and limited the power of the Monarch.

5. The Enlightenment.
In two sentences explain what the enlightenment was.
The enlightenment was a philosophic movement of the 18th century. Enlightenment was a rejection of tradition
social, religious and political ideas and an emphasis on rationalism.
When did it take place?
The enlightenment took place in its 1600’s - 1700’s.
Why is it important?
The enlightenment was important because it based upon science and rejected the idea that we should accept
anything the church said was true because the church said it was true. Enlightenment philosophers reasoned
that knowledge had to be based on practical, scientific evidence.

6. Charles - Louis Montesquieu.
Where is he from?
Charles was from the Southwest of France.
What is he famous for?
Charles is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation powers. He was taken for granted in typical
discussions of government and implemented in many constitutions through out the world.

7. John Locke.
Where was he from?
John Locke was from Wrington, Sormerset and grew up in Belluton.
Life span?
August 29th, 1632 - October 28,1704.
What are natural rights?
John Locke natural rights were life, liberty and property.

8. Jean Jacques Rosseau.
Where was he from?
Jean Jacques Rosseau was from Geneva, Switzerland.
Life Span?
June 28, 1712 - July 2nd, 1778.
What is the social contract?
Jean Jacques social contract was an entire society agrees to be governed by it’s general will. The social contract
was between all members of society and essentially replaced “natural rights” as the basis for human claims.

9. Thomas Jefferson.
Where was he from?
Thomas Jefferson was from Shadwell, Virgina
What is he most famous for writing?
Thomas Jefferson was most famous for his writing of The Declaration of Independence.
Why did he switch the words from “property” to “the pursuit of happiness?”
Thomas Jefferson switched the words property from pursuit of happiness because people’s perspective on his
Thomas Jeffersons writing was nothing more than just the pursuit of wealth and status. Unlike The Pursuit of
Happiness which had moral and happiness to the aim of life. Which gave people key points to live on.