This document discusses the World Bank, IMF, WTO, and farm subsidies. It argues that these institutions were created to benefit wealthy nations like those in Europe and America, rather than to help developing countries. It claims they operate with little transparency and are controlled by powerful special interests from Europe and America. The institutions are said to push policies that primarily aid creditors from wealthy nations rather than focus on eradicating poverty in weaker economies.
WORLD BANK, IMF, WTO, AND FARM SUBSIDIESguestc48e0c
The document discusses the World Bank, IMF, WTO and their role in international trade and subsidies. It argues that these institutions primarily serve the interests of wealthy G7 nations like the US and Europe, and allow them to exploit developing countries through practices like dumping agricultural goods. It claims they lack transparency and democratic oversight, and that their policies often harm the economies of poorer Asian and African nations. The document is highly critical of free trade policies promoted by these organizations.
Special report emerging markets (the economist)ARTOTEL Academy
This document provides a summary of emerging markets and some of the risks they face. It discusses that emerging markets have historically provided both risks and profits for investors. While emerging markets have shown recent improvements in exports, GDP growth, and financial markets, there are still risks from factors like higher US interest rates, commodity price swings, protectionism, and political populism. However, the document argues that emerging economies have become more resilient in recent years, though perhaps less dynamic, and this improved resilience should allow their recovery to continue despite the threats they face.
While the BRICS experienced rapid growth in the 2000s that narrowed the gap with developed economies, their growth has slowed significantly since 2010 due to supply-side constraints. The study identifies criteria for the countries most likely to take over from the BRICS as the next emerging market growth leaders. It first looks at countries with accelerating growth potential based on factors like investment, human capital, and productivity. It then considers the development of financial systems and quality of business climate to support production capacity expansion. Applying these criteria identifies 10 countries - Colombia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Peru, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Bangladesh and Ethiopia - that have strong growth potential but may need to improve business environments to fully realize
The document provides perspectives from experts on the economic and financial challenges that may be faced in 2016, including disappointing global growth, risks from China's economy, the European refugee crisis, and potential financial instability reminiscent of 2008. It also discusses how wealthy families are preparing by enhancing home security amid concerns about rising social unrest during economic downturns. Additionally, it outlines the differences between bank bailouts and bail-ins, and suggests families consider their exposure under bail-in regimes.
OFIP Q4 2011 - The Year Of Living Dangerouslybwoyat
- The document provides a quarterly commentary from OceanForest Investment Partners on market performance in Q4 2011 and their outlook.
- Key events from 2011 included political upheaval in North Africa/Middle East, natural disasters, and economic turmoil. The US stock market gained 1.99% while other markets declined.
- The portfolio managers expect more volatility globally in 2012. Their portfolios are positioned defensively with cash levels from 12-19% depending on the mandate. They remain focused on high-quality dividend-paying stocks.
PERU’S RESILIENCE THROUGH THE 2008-09 CRISIS: LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTR...neiracar
This document provides an analysis of Peru's resilience during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. It identifies 12 factors that contributed to Peru's strength during this period of global weakness:
1) Large international reserves held by the Central Bank that exceeded the size of the banking system.
2) The public sector was a net international creditor.
3) The financial system was well-capitalized and solvent with limited exposure to risky assets.
4) The banking system had limited exposure to mortgages.
The document then discusses Peru's monetary policy response which focused on maintaining exchange rate stability through interest rates higher than the US to limit capital outflows.
This document summarizes Gabriel Farfán-Mares' article "Mexico's Curse" which argues that although Mexico has recovered economically from downturns by leveraging trade with the US, its long reliance on oil revenues to fund the government has created a "rentier state" with weak taxation and poor public policy outcomes. While oil booms can support growth, Mexico's oil dependency has undermined development by reducing the tax base, bloating public spending, and detaching the state from the needs of the private sector and economy. To transition to a more productive model, Mexico must reduce its dependence on oil funds as revenues decline.
WORLD BANK, IMF, WTO, AND FARM SUBSIDIESguestc48e0c
The document discusses the World Bank, IMF, WTO and their role in international trade and subsidies. It argues that these institutions primarily serve the interests of wealthy G7 nations like the US and Europe, and allow them to exploit developing countries through practices like dumping agricultural goods. It claims they lack transparency and democratic oversight, and that their policies often harm the economies of poorer Asian and African nations. The document is highly critical of free trade policies promoted by these organizations.
Special report emerging markets (the economist)ARTOTEL Academy
This document provides a summary of emerging markets and some of the risks they face. It discusses that emerging markets have historically provided both risks and profits for investors. While emerging markets have shown recent improvements in exports, GDP growth, and financial markets, there are still risks from factors like higher US interest rates, commodity price swings, protectionism, and political populism. However, the document argues that emerging economies have become more resilient in recent years, though perhaps less dynamic, and this improved resilience should allow their recovery to continue despite the threats they face.
While the BRICS experienced rapid growth in the 2000s that narrowed the gap with developed economies, their growth has slowed significantly since 2010 due to supply-side constraints. The study identifies criteria for the countries most likely to take over from the BRICS as the next emerging market growth leaders. It first looks at countries with accelerating growth potential based on factors like investment, human capital, and productivity. It then considers the development of financial systems and quality of business climate to support production capacity expansion. Applying these criteria identifies 10 countries - Colombia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Peru, Sri Lanka, Kenya, Tanzania, Zambia, Bangladesh and Ethiopia - that have strong growth potential but may need to improve business environments to fully realize
The document provides perspectives from experts on the economic and financial challenges that may be faced in 2016, including disappointing global growth, risks from China's economy, the European refugee crisis, and potential financial instability reminiscent of 2008. It also discusses how wealthy families are preparing by enhancing home security amid concerns about rising social unrest during economic downturns. Additionally, it outlines the differences between bank bailouts and bail-ins, and suggests families consider their exposure under bail-in regimes.
OFIP Q4 2011 - The Year Of Living Dangerouslybwoyat
- The document provides a quarterly commentary from OceanForest Investment Partners on market performance in Q4 2011 and their outlook.
- Key events from 2011 included political upheaval in North Africa/Middle East, natural disasters, and economic turmoil. The US stock market gained 1.99% while other markets declined.
- The portfolio managers expect more volatility globally in 2012. Their portfolios are positioned defensively with cash levels from 12-19% depending on the mandate. They remain focused on high-quality dividend-paying stocks.
PERU’S RESILIENCE THROUGH THE 2008-09 CRISIS: LESSONS FOR DEVELOPING COUNTR...neiracar
This document provides an analysis of Peru's resilience during the 2008-2009 global financial crisis. It identifies 12 factors that contributed to Peru's strength during this period of global weakness:
1) Large international reserves held by the Central Bank that exceeded the size of the banking system.
2) The public sector was a net international creditor.
3) The financial system was well-capitalized and solvent with limited exposure to risky assets.
4) The banking system had limited exposure to mortgages.
The document then discusses Peru's monetary policy response which focused on maintaining exchange rate stability through interest rates higher than the US to limit capital outflows.
This document summarizes Gabriel Farfán-Mares' article "Mexico's Curse" which argues that although Mexico has recovered economically from downturns by leveraging trade with the US, its long reliance on oil revenues to fund the government has created a "rentier state" with weak taxation and poor public policy outcomes. While oil booms can support growth, Mexico's oil dependency has undermined development by reducing the tax base, bloating public spending, and detaching the state from the needs of the private sector and economy. To transition to a more productive model, Mexico must reduce its dependence on oil funds as revenues decline.
This document provides an overview of emerging markets, including their history, characteristics, and impact on the global economy. It discusses how emerging markets are transitioning economies experiencing rapid growth. Some key points:
- Emerging markets account for 85% of the world's population and 60% of the land area, with vast natural resources, but currently only 25% of global output.
- Characteristics include large, young labor forces, government involvement in economies, and high economic growth rates.
- Projections show emerging markets' combined GDP will overtake developed economies by 2030-2035, and the top emerging markets will surpass the G7 by 2040. This signals a realignment of the global
Understanding the coming domination of chinese yuanmnathani
This document discusses the growing prominence of the Chinese Yuan as an alternative international reserve currency to the US Dollar. It notes that China's GDP and foreign exchange reserves have grown rapidly in recent decades, while its currency has steadily appreciated. It predicts that by 2020, the Yuan will be more widely used in international trade and financial markets. The document advocates for reforms to international financial institutions to give emerging economies more influence, and the introduction of a new reserve currency to replace the dominant US Dollar.
This document discusses two companies, Unilever and GlaxoSmithKline, that have significant exposure to emerging markets like India through their operations and investments. It warns that this exposure leaves the companies vulnerable as geopolitical tensions rise globally in what the document calls "The Great Game". For Unilever, 57% of its sales come from emerging markets like India, making it highly susceptible to volatility. For GlaxoSmithKline, 26% of its profits come from emerging markets, including a planned 50% increase in investment in India, but the Indian pharmaceutical market has low margins, price caps, and heavy regulation. The document advises investors to avoid these two companies due to the risks posed by their emerging market exposure as
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the trend towards de-globalization and may increase countries' impulse towards protectionism. It has highlighted vulnerabilities in heavily globalized supply chains that rely on few suppliers like China. Countries are now looking to diversify suppliers or bring production home. It has also damaged trust between countries as some acted opportunistically in their responses. Going forward, countries may boost local production of essential goods and focus on food and energy security, leading to a less globalized economy unless leaders resist protectionist urges.
The document discusses economic development versus dependency in developing nations. It analyzes how neoliberal policies promoted by organizations like the IMF and World Bank have contributed to increased dependency rather than sustainable development through mechanisms like structural adjustment programs. While investment, trade, and aid were intended to spur growth, they have often resulted in unsustainable dependency on external assistance. The document recommends reforming economic development policies to phase out foreign aid over time, enforce accountability, and modify structural adjustment programs to avoid cuts to social spending that hinder long-term development.
The document discusses how the health of Latin American economies impacts the U.S. and rest of world. It analyzes the economies of Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Peru. For Brazil, it outlines the current strong market and global impact, and suggests simplifying taxes and improving infrastructure to sustain growth. For Mexico, it describes recent economic blows from recession and H1N1, the current strong market focused on trade, and reliance on agreements like NAFTA. The document provides an overview of the key Latin American economies and their significance on a global scale.
The recent decision of the US President to adopt a protectionist policy vs. imported goods could
trigger a domino effect in the global context. The conquest by the Chinese economy of new markets such as the
African countries is part of a strategy that includes a network of alliances in order to mitigate the effects of the
policy of protectionism
Economic development and the americas 9 chapterssuserfa5723
This document discusses economic development and marketing opportunities in the Americas. It begins by outlining the importance of time zones for trade relationships and how the world is divided into three main trading blocs based on time zones: the Americas, Europe/Africa/Middle East, and Asia-Pacific. It then discusses how political and economic changes are affecting global marketing, and how the level of economic development in a country impacts marketing approaches. The document outlines the various stages of economic development and growth factors. It focuses on opportunities in the Americas, covering trade agreements and variations in development levels among countries in the region.
Fasanara Capital | Investment Outlook
1. The Future Is Wide Open: Avoid The ‘Illusion Of Knowledge’ Trap
The single most dangerous thinking trap / optical illusion for investors today is to look at Trump, Brexit and Italy Referendum as non-events, buried in the past. We believe that 2017 may likely be driven by the same factors that failed to shape 2016. The non-events of 2016 are likely to be the drivers of 2017. Finally, we will get to find out if Brexit means Brexit, if Trump means Trump, if a failed Italian referendum means early elections and a membership of the EMU in jeopardy down the line.
2. Structural Shift: These Are Transformational Times
The macro outlook of the next years will be influenced the most by these structural trends:
› Protectionism, De-Globalization & De-Dollarization. In Pursuit of Inclusive Growth
› End of ‘Pax Americana’. The ascent of China. Geopolitical risks on the rise
› End of ‘Pax QE’. Markets without steroids, but still delusional.
› 4th Industrial Revolution: labor participation rate falling from 63% to 40% in 10 years?
3. Our Baseline Scenario: Bubble Unwind, Equities and Bonds Down
Starting this 2017, our major macro convictions are as follows:
› Global Tapering to progress
› US Dollar to keep grinding higher
› European Political Instability to worsen
› US Equities to weaken
Is trade really an engine for growth and development ar nabArnab Ghosh
Trade has generally been an engine for growth, with global trade increasing 145-fold between 1950-2004. However, developed countries have disproportionately benefited, occupying over 65% of world trade in 2002. While developing countries have opened their economies and increased trade as a percentage of GDP, they obtained fewer benefits due to factors like limited market access and subsidies in developed countries. Now, large developing countries like the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) are growing rapidly and may eclipse developed economies by 2050, reflecting a shift toward a multipolar world with more balanced global power.
Oxfam report – Wealth: Having it all and wanting more – jan – 2015, 12p.Conversa Afiada
The document discusses how global wealth is increasingly concentrated among a small wealthy elite, particularly those with interests in finance and pharmaceuticals. These sectors spend millions on lobbying annually to influence policies that protect and enhance their interests. The most common lobbying activities in the US are on budget and tax issues that direct public resources toward powerful lobbyists rather than benefit the overall population.
This document discusses the benefits of international investing through diversification and exposure to higher growth rates abroad. It notes that international markets can experience different returns than the US market, potentially lowering overall portfolio risk. While international investing brings additional risks, these can be reduced through a diversified portfolio that includes both developed and emerging markets. The document advocates for a globally diversified portfolio for most investors.
The document discusses several economic and political issues:
1) European authorities have struggled to effectively address the escalating sovereign debt crisis, providing only temporary solutions while the problems get worse.
2) The US debt level has risen significantly due to tax cuts, spending increases, and the financial crisis, reaching nearly 100% of GDP.
3) Emerging markets saw large declines as investors fled to safe havens like US treasuries, though some emerging countries remain attractive long-term investments due to growth and demographics.
4) South Africa faces economic challenges including slowing growth compared to other emerging markets, while political risks also loom over policy and foreign investment.
Reimposing imperial domination in the global south through the mechanism of p...Alexander Decker
This document discusses how imperial domination is reimposed in the global south through public policy mechanisms. It uses Nigeria as an example, arguing that Nigeria succumbed to IMF imposed structural adjustment programs that led to increased poverty and debt rather than development. The document outlines how the new globalized international system operates through market forces rather than direct political control, allowing northern countries to indirectly control policy in the south through organizations like the IMF and World Bank. It asserts that these organizations promote northern economic interests through policies that negatively impact growth in the global south.
Boston consulting group’s 2014 global wealth reportngocjos
- Global private wealth grew 14.6% in 2013 to $152 trillion, driven by strong equity market performance and new wealth in emerging markets.
- North America and Western Europe remained the wealthiest regions but Asia-Pacific grew the fastest, closing the wealth gap.
- The number of global millionaires reached 16.3 million in 2013, up from 13.7 million in 2012, with the most located in the US.
- Private wealth is projected to grow at a 5.4% annual rate through 2018 to $198 trillion, with Asia-Pacific accounting for half of new wealth.
According to a Pew Research Center survey of 44 nations:
- Most people see international trade and investment as beneficial, especially in developing countries, but skepticism exists as well, particularly in advanced economies like France, Italy, Japan, and the US.
- Developing countries express the strongest support for trade and foreign investment and their benefits. Emerging markets also generally support trade but enthusiasm has declined slightly in recent years.
- Advanced economies tend to be more skeptical that trade creates jobs or increases wages, which may be due to issues like slow economic growth and high unemployment in those nations. Public opinion could complicate trade deal negotiations.
The document discusses how international businesses are increasingly engaged in competition and conflicts over finite natural resources as consumption rises globally. It notes that China in particular has aggressively acquired resources in places like the Middle East and Africa. This resource grab has geopolitical implications and risks escalating into conflicts if not addressed through cooperation between nations. International businesses are now actively partnering with their home governments in the global pursuit of resources.
The document provides keywords to be used when writing articles about various Bollywood celebrities. For each celebrity, it identifies the most used keyword and secondary keywords that should be included 2-3 times. It also notes some intentional misspellings of names that should be used sparingly. Keywords are provided for Aishwarya Rai, Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, Hrithik Roshan, Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Bollywood actresses, Bollywood movies, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan, Abhishek Bachchan, Kareena Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Saif Ali Khan, Bipasha Basu, John Abraham,
Este documento lista las autoridades electas regionales y municipales de la región de Piura, Perú para el periodo 2015-2018. Proporciona la organización política, provincia o distrito, y los nombres de las autoridades electas para cada cargo regional y municipal en Piura.
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) is the U.S. Department of Defense's premier foreign language training institution. Located in Monterey, California, DLIFLC provides intensive language instruction for military service members, federal employees, and government contractors. This photo album highlights some of the school's facilities, classrooms, and students as they learn critical foreign languages.
This document outlines a website created to help and guide trickers by providing fundamentals and sample pictures from a picture gallery, as demonstrated through an overview and usability test results for the site located at http://16561319.synthasite.com.
This document provides an overview of emerging markets, including their history, characteristics, and impact on the global economy. It discusses how emerging markets are transitioning economies experiencing rapid growth. Some key points:
- Emerging markets account for 85% of the world's population and 60% of the land area, with vast natural resources, but currently only 25% of global output.
- Characteristics include large, young labor forces, government involvement in economies, and high economic growth rates.
- Projections show emerging markets' combined GDP will overtake developed economies by 2030-2035, and the top emerging markets will surpass the G7 by 2040. This signals a realignment of the global
Understanding the coming domination of chinese yuanmnathani
This document discusses the growing prominence of the Chinese Yuan as an alternative international reserve currency to the US Dollar. It notes that China's GDP and foreign exchange reserves have grown rapidly in recent decades, while its currency has steadily appreciated. It predicts that by 2020, the Yuan will be more widely used in international trade and financial markets. The document advocates for reforms to international financial institutions to give emerging economies more influence, and the introduction of a new reserve currency to replace the dominant US Dollar.
This document discusses two companies, Unilever and GlaxoSmithKline, that have significant exposure to emerging markets like India through their operations and investments. It warns that this exposure leaves the companies vulnerable as geopolitical tensions rise globally in what the document calls "The Great Game". For Unilever, 57% of its sales come from emerging markets like India, making it highly susceptible to volatility. For GlaxoSmithKline, 26% of its profits come from emerging markets, including a planned 50% increase in investment in India, but the Indian pharmaceutical market has low margins, price caps, and heavy regulation. The document advises investors to avoid these two companies due to the risks posed by their emerging market exposure as
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the trend towards de-globalization and may increase countries' impulse towards protectionism. It has highlighted vulnerabilities in heavily globalized supply chains that rely on few suppliers like China. Countries are now looking to diversify suppliers or bring production home. It has also damaged trust between countries as some acted opportunistically in their responses. Going forward, countries may boost local production of essential goods and focus on food and energy security, leading to a less globalized economy unless leaders resist protectionist urges.
The document discusses economic development versus dependency in developing nations. It analyzes how neoliberal policies promoted by organizations like the IMF and World Bank have contributed to increased dependency rather than sustainable development through mechanisms like structural adjustment programs. While investment, trade, and aid were intended to spur growth, they have often resulted in unsustainable dependency on external assistance. The document recommends reforming economic development policies to phase out foreign aid over time, enforce accountability, and modify structural adjustment programs to avoid cuts to social spending that hinder long-term development.
The document discusses how the health of Latin American economies impacts the U.S. and rest of world. It analyzes the economies of Brazil, Mexico, Chile and Peru. For Brazil, it outlines the current strong market and global impact, and suggests simplifying taxes and improving infrastructure to sustain growth. For Mexico, it describes recent economic blows from recession and H1N1, the current strong market focused on trade, and reliance on agreements like NAFTA. The document provides an overview of the key Latin American economies and their significance on a global scale.
The recent decision of the US President to adopt a protectionist policy vs. imported goods could
trigger a domino effect in the global context. The conquest by the Chinese economy of new markets such as the
African countries is part of a strategy that includes a network of alliances in order to mitigate the effects of the
policy of protectionism
Economic development and the americas 9 chapterssuserfa5723
This document discusses economic development and marketing opportunities in the Americas. It begins by outlining the importance of time zones for trade relationships and how the world is divided into three main trading blocs based on time zones: the Americas, Europe/Africa/Middle East, and Asia-Pacific. It then discusses how political and economic changes are affecting global marketing, and how the level of economic development in a country impacts marketing approaches. The document outlines the various stages of economic development and growth factors. It focuses on opportunities in the Americas, covering trade agreements and variations in development levels among countries in the region.
Fasanara Capital | Investment Outlook
1. The Future Is Wide Open: Avoid The ‘Illusion Of Knowledge’ Trap
The single most dangerous thinking trap / optical illusion for investors today is to look at Trump, Brexit and Italy Referendum as non-events, buried in the past. We believe that 2017 may likely be driven by the same factors that failed to shape 2016. The non-events of 2016 are likely to be the drivers of 2017. Finally, we will get to find out if Brexit means Brexit, if Trump means Trump, if a failed Italian referendum means early elections and a membership of the EMU in jeopardy down the line.
2. Structural Shift: These Are Transformational Times
The macro outlook of the next years will be influenced the most by these structural trends:
› Protectionism, De-Globalization & De-Dollarization. In Pursuit of Inclusive Growth
› End of ‘Pax Americana’. The ascent of China. Geopolitical risks on the rise
› End of ‘Pax QE’. Markets without steroids, but still delusional.
› 4th Industrial Revolution: labor participation rate falling from 63% to 40% in 10 years?
3. Our Baseline Scenario: Bubble Unwind, Equities and Bonds Down
Starting this 2017, our major macro convictions are as follows:
› Global Tapering to progress
› US Dollar to keep grinding higher
› European Political Instability to worsen
› US Equities to weaken
Is trade really an engine for growth and development ar nabArnab Ghosh
Trade has generally been an engine for growth, with global trade increasing 145-fold between 1950-2004. However, developed countries have disproportionately benefited, occupying over 65% of world trade in 2002. While developing countries have opened their economies and increased trade as a percentage of GDP, they obtained fewer benefits due to factors like limited market access and subsidies in developed countries. Now, large developing countries like the BRIC nations (Brazil, Russia, India, China) are growing rapidly and may eclipse developed economies by 2050, reflecting a shift toward a multipolar world with more balanced global power.
Oxfam report – Wealth: Having it all and wanting more – jan – 2015, 12p.Conversa Afiada
The document discusses how global wealth is increasingly concentrated among a small wealthy elite, particularly those with interests in finance and pharmaceuticals. These sectors spend millions on lobbying annually to influence policies that protect and enhance their interests. The most common lobbying activities in the US are on budget and tax issues that direct public resources toward powerful lobbyists rather than benefit the overall population.
This document discusses the benefits of international investing through diversification and exposure to higher growth rates abroad. It notes that international markets can experience different returns than the US market, potentially lowering overall portfolio risk. While international investing brings additional risks, these can be reduced through a diversified portfolio that includes both developed and emerging markets. The document advocates for a globally diversified portfolio for most investors.
The document discusses several economic and political issues:
1) European authorities have struggled to effectively address the escalating sovereign debt crisis, providing only temporary solutions while the problems get worse.
2) The US debt level has risen significantly due to tax cuts, spending increases, and the financial crisis, reaching nearly 100% of GDP.
3) Emerging markets saw large declines as investors fled to safe havens like US treasuries, though some emerging countries remain attractive long-term investments due to growth and demographics.
4) South Africa faces economic challenges including slowing growth compared to other emerging markets, while political risks also loom over policy and foreign investment.
Reimposing imperial domination in the global south through the mechanism of p...Alexander Decker
This document discusses how imperial domination is reimposed in the global south through public policy mechanisms. It uses Nigeria as an example, arguing that Nigeria succumbed to IMF imposed structural adjustment programs that led to increased poverty and debt rather than development. The document outlines how the new globalized international system operates through market forces rather than direct political control, allowing northern countries to indirectly control policy in the south through organizations like the IMF and World Bank. It asserts that these organizations promote northern economic interests through policies that negatively impact growth in the global south.
Boston consulting group’s 2014 global wealth reportngocjos
- Global private wealth grew 14.6% in 2013 to $152 trillion, driven by strong equity market performance and new wealth in emerging markets.
- North America and Western Europe remained the wealthiest regions but Asia-Pacific grew the fastest, closing the wealth gap.
- The number of global millionaires reached 16.3 million in 2013, up from 13.7 million in 2012, with the most located in the US.
- Private wealth is projected to grow at a 5.4% annual rate through 2018 to $198 trillion, with Asia-Pacific accounting for half of new wealth.
According to a Pew Research Center survey of 44 nations:
- Most people see international trade and investment as beneficial, especially in developing countries, but skepticism exists as well, particularly in advanced economies like France, Italy, Japan, and the US.
- Developing countries express the strongest support for trade and foreign investment and their benefits. Emerging markets also generally support trade but enthusiasm has declined slightly in recent years.
- Advanced economies tend to be more skeptical that trade creates jobs or increases wages, which may be due to issues like slow economic growth and high unemployment in those nations. Public opinion could complicate trade deal negotiations.
The document discusses how international businesses are increasingly engaged in competition and conflicts over finite natural resources as consumption rises globally. It notes that China in particular has aggressively acquired resources in places like the Middle East and Africa. This resource grab has geopolitical implications and risks escalating into conflicts if not addressed through cooperation between nations. International businesses are now actively partnering with their home governments in the global pursuit of resources.
The document provides keywords to be used when writing articles about various Bollywood celebrities. For each celebrity, it identifies the most used keyword and secondary keywords that should be included 2-3 times. It also notes some intentional misspellings of names that should be used sparingly. Keywords are provided for Aishwarya Rai, Amitabh Bachchan, Shahrukh Khan, Hrithik Roshan, Akshay Kumar, Shahid Kapoor, Bollywood actresses, Bollywood movies, Salman Khan, Aamir Khan, Abhishek Bachchan, Kareena Kapoor, Katrina Kaif, Saif Ali Khan, Bipasha Basu, John Abraham,
Este documento lista las autoridades electas regionales y municipales de la región de Piura, Perú para el periodo 2015-2018. Proporciona la organización política, provincia o distrito, y los nombres de las autoridades electas para cada cargo regional y municipal en Piura.
The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) is the U.S. Department of Defense's premier foreign language training institution. Located in Monterey, California, DLIFLC provides intensive language instruction for military service members, federal employees, and government contractors. This photo album highlights some of the school's facilities, classrooms, and students as they learn critical foreign languages.
This document outlines a website created to help and guide trickers by providing fundamentals and sample pictures from a picture gallery, as demonstrated through an overview and usability test results for the site located at http://16561319.synthasite.com.
The document summarizes the key differences between the World Bank and IMF:
- The World Bank focuses on development and financing projects through loans, while the IMF focuses on maintaining monetary stability and a code of conduct around exchange rates between nations.
- The World Bank gets most of its funding through bond sales and borrowing, while the IMF's resources come from membership fees paid by its member countries.
- The World Bank employs over 7,000 staff with expertise in development fields, while the IMF has about 2,300 staff focused on economics and finance working primarily out of its Washington D.C. headquarters.
Global Banking Reset : Deutsche Bank CollapseThe Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available for download at this link
Global Financial Reset
The sentiment that underlies this book theorizes that the global economy is undergoing a massive
transformation. This flux, coordinated by so-called ‘elites’, behind-the-scenes, parallels and may
dwarf the futile reorganization of the global political economy in the aftermath of WW11.
Global financial markets are corrupt beyond repair. Fiat money magic systems are the root of this
financial evil. They further enrich multi-billionaires and decimate every nations’ middle class.
Fiat money systems, that dominate global finance, allow banks and other licensed financial
institutions to ‘financially engineer’ money and wealth out of thin air. Virtually all investment
assets that exist on the balance sheets of corporations and other collectives are ultimately backed
by nothing. How can this be so? Because every single unit of real investment wealth, such as a
single gold bar, has multiple owners. The diagram overleaf shows fiat currency flows visually.
The imminent collapse of the corrupt Deutsche Bank is a barometer and metaphor for the stateof-affairs of global finance. According to its balance sheet, Deutsche Bank holds about four Euros
in equity for each 100 euros that it owes its creditors, including depositors (IMTrading, 2019).
If you or I continued trading under these circumstances, we would be prosecuted and imprisoned
for trading whilst insolvent. And insolvent Deutsche Bank is. As are virtually all other banks.
Global financial reset, financial collapse, economic reset, banking reset, digital currency
Deutsche Bank Collapse : Global Banking Reset (Free Book)The Free School
https://journalistethics.com/
Free book available for download at this link
Global Financial Reset
The sentiment that underlies this book theorizes that the global economy is undergoing a massive
transformation. This flux, coordinated by so-called ‘elites’, behind-the-scenes, parallels and may
dwarf the futile reorganization of the global political economy in the aftermath of WW11.
Global financial markets are corrupt beyond repair. Fiat money magic systems are the root of this
financial evil. They further enrich multi-billionaires and decimate every nations’ middle class.
Fiat money systems, that dominate global finance, allow banks and other licensed financial
institutions to ‘financially engineer’ money and wealth out of thin air. Virtually all investment
assets that exist on the balance sheets of corporations and other collectives are ultimately backed
by nothing. How can this be so? Because every single unit of real investment wealth, such as a
single gold bar, has multiple owners. The diagram overleaf shows fiat currency flows visually.
The imminent collapse of the corrupt Deutsche Bank is a barometer and metaphor for the stateof-affairs of global finance. According to its balance sheet, Deutsche Bank holds about four Euros
in equity for each 100 euros that it owes its creditors, including depositors (IMTrading, 2019).
If you or I continued trading under these circumstances, we would be prosecuted and imprisoned
for trading whilst insolvent. And insolvent Deutsche Bank is. As are virtually all other banks.
Key term global financial reset economic collapse Deutsche Bank
Cleo Bonny reading ambassador killer presentation skills international financ...Cleo Bonny
Cleo Bonny reading ambassador killer presentation skills international financial system
world first agenda presentation for international financial system
The document provides an overview of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank. It discusses their origins, governance structures, purposes, operations, and criticisms. The IMF was established in 1944 at the Bretton Woods conference to promote international monetary cooperation and financial stability. The World Bank was also founded at Bretton Woods and includes the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and other organizations that provide development financing. Both institutions have faced criticism for promoting neoliberal economic policies and ignoring social and environmental impacts of their projects.
Full article: http://ged-project.de/2014/06/03/study-pacific-pumas/
As the world grapples with stimulating employment, growth and innovation, a new club of countries is emerging as an engine of regional growth. Through improved governance, liberalized trade and stable macroeconomics, the economies of Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Chile have rallied in recent years. Rather than following the lead of increasingly protectionist and interventionalist Mercosur countries, these Pacific economies have taken their cues from the Asian tigers of the 1980s [1]. Characterized by strong growth and pragmatic governance, these four countries appear to be blazing a new trail for Latin American development.
Assess the role of international financial institutions in the growing inequa...Siraj Maryan
ASSESS THE ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN THE GROWING INEQUALITIES BETWEEN THE GLOBAL NORTH (RICH) AND THE GLOBAL SOUTH (POOR) COUNTRIES IN GLOBAL POLITICS
The document summarizes the history and roles of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. It discusses how they were created at Bretton Woods in 1944 to establish a new international monetary system and support global economic stability. While they have similar goals, the IMF seeks to maintain a stable system of currency exchange between nations and provide temporary loans, while the World Bank focuses on development and provides longer term loans. Both institutions face criticisms around the harsh policy conditions attached to their loans and lack of accountability.
This document discusses how globalization has enabled a new wave of corporate imperialism by Western nations over third world countries. It argues that international trade laws and organizations like the WTO and IMF have been crafted by Western powers to benefit their multinational corporations through policies like prohibiting protectionist tariffs in developing nations. This allows Western corporations to outcompete local businesses. It also suggests that Western nations have used military force covertly and overtly to gain access to third world resources and markets when faced with resistance from local populations and governments.
This document provides an introduction and analysis of the 2008 global financial crisis from an Islamic economic perspective. It summarizes that the crisis marked the beginning of the end of global capitalism due to the failure of its key principles around interest-based banking, fiat currency, and unregulated financial markets. The author argues that Islam provides a viable alternative economic model with principles like gold/silver-backed currency, interest-free lending, and clear rules around trade and public/private ownership that could bring greater stability and fairness. The crisis is seen as an opportunity for the Muslim world to establish this Islamic system as an alternative to the inevitable boom-bust cycles of capitalism.
This document provides an introduction and analysis of the 2008 global financial crisis from an Islamic economic perspective. It summarizes that the crisis marked the beginning of the end of global capitalism due to the failure of its key principles around interest-based banking, fiat currency, and unregulated financial markets. The author argues that Islam provides a viable alternative economic model with principles like gold/silver-backed currency, interest-free lending, and clear rules around trade and public/private ownership that could bring greater stability and fairness. The crisis is seen as an opportunity for the Muslim world to establish an Islamic economic system as an alternative to the inevitable boom-bust cycles of capitalism.
Ifm features ron nechemia as cover storyEurOrientF
Ron Nechemia, founder and chairman of EurOrient Financial Group, is featured on the cover of China's International Finance Magazine. The article discusses Nechemia's accurate predictions of the 2008 financial crisis and his views on the current global economic crisis. Nechemia believes China will be impacted by slowing growth but domestic consumption can offset this. He recommends reforms to avoid future crises and calls for stimulus to help developing countries. The magazine also profiles Nechemia's career in international development banking.
China ifm features ron nechemia as cover storyEurOrientF
Ron Nechemia, founder and chairman of EurOrient Financial Group, is featured on the cover of China's International Finance Magazine. The article discusses Nechemia's accurate predictions of the 2008 financial crisis and his views on the current global economic crisis. Nechemia believes China will be impacted by slowing growth but domestic consumption can offset declines in external demand. The magazine also profiles Nechemia's career in international development banking.
This document summarizes research comparing United States finance and Islamic finance. It is broken into three main topics: the financial history of each system, their banking and reporting systems, and how they invest in financial markets. The US system is compared to Islamic finance which is governed by Sharia law from the Quran and Hadith. The research found that during the 2008 financial crisis, Islamic finance was able to shield itself from the effects, while the US took longer to recover, showing the potential resilience of Islamic finance. Future research ideas are proposed to further analyze the relationship between Islamic countries' GDP and the EU's GDP, as well as examining risks of speculation bubbles within Islamic finance.
The document provides an overview of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. It discusses how they were established at the 1944 Bretton Woods conference to promote global economic cooperation and stability after World War 2. The IMF aims to oversee the international monetary system, provide loans to countries experiencing economic crises, and offer policy advice. The World Bank focuses on financing projects that promote development. However, both institutions have faced significant controversy over their influence on other nations.
The IMF was created to address financial problems and promote monetary stability. However, its policies have marginalized less developed countries (LDCs) by imposing loan conditions that are unsuitable and increase dependence. Nigeria initially had little debt but accumulated large debts under successive governments. While leaders criticized IMF conditions, they ultimately accepted its prescriptions. Structural adjustment programs had negative impacts like contraction of incomes and costs borne by the poor. The debt crisis can be understood through dependency theory which views LDCs as peripheries exploited to benefit wealthy center states. However, liberalization was meant to reduce resource gaps but paradoxically increased indebtedness and poverty. Corruption by leaders and exploitation in trade relations between Nigeria and Western nations worsened the debt situation.
Chapter 8 The global financial system (1).pdfimamaliazizov1
The document discusses the origins and structure of the post-World War II international monetary system established at Bretton Woods in 1944. The system centered around the US dollar being fixed to gold at $35 per ounce, and other currencies being fixed to the US dollar. It created the International Monetary Fund and World Bank to help manage the system and provide loans to countries. However, the system was undermined over time as more US dollars flooded out internationally than the US had in gold reserves, threatening the dollar-gold peg.
This document discusses preparations individuals can make as the U.S. dollar faces risks of devaluation or hyperinflation due to unsustainable government debt and deficits. It recommends getting out of Treasury bonds, investing some cash in currencies of U.S. creditor nations like China, opening an offshore bank account in Switzerland, keeping stashes of foreign currencies, silver coins, and gold coins to preserve purchasing power outside of dollars. The overall message is the dollar's value and status as the world's reserve currency are at risk so diversifying out of dollars into tangible and foreign assets is prudent.
The current global economic crisis, its consequences, impact and the road to ...Warwick Business School
This document discusses the state of Latin America's economy from 2009-2010. It notes that while Latin America accounts for a significant portion of the world's population and GDP, it lags in areas like physical and human capital. The region has experienced high levels of financial crises and volatility. However, recent years saw improvements like stronger macroeconomic policies and more resilient financial systems that helped Latin American countries better withstand the global financial crisis. If external conditions improve, the region may see renewed economic growth, led by countries like Brazil, Mexico, and Chile. The biggest risk is frustrating the hopes of a growing Latin American middle class.
This document discusses several international organizations and issues related to globalization:
1) It discusses the IMF, its mission to oversee the global financial system, and its current director Dominique Strauss-Kahn. It criticizes the IMF for having an undemocratic structure that prioritizes the interests of big business.
2) It discusses the World Bank, its mission to promote development, and its current president Robert Zoellick. It criticizes the World Bank for having an undemocratic appointment process and for previously issuing loans with excessive conditionalities.
3) It discusses the WTO, its mission to establish law for international business, and its current Director-General Pascal Lamy.
Similar to WORLD BANK, IMF, WTO AND FARM SUBSIDIES (20)
Best Competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai - ☎ 9928909666Stone Art Hub
Stone Art Hub offers the best competitive Marble Pricing in Dubai, ensuring affordability without compromising quality. With a wide range of exquisite marble options to choose from, you can enhance your spaces with elegance and sophistication. For inquiries or orders, contact us at ☎ 9928909666. Experience luxury at unbeatable prices.
Top mailing list providers in the USA.pptxJeremyPeirce1
Discover the top mailing list providers in the USA, offering targeted lists, segmentation, and analytics to optimize your marketing campaigns and drive engagement.
Industrial Tech SW: Category Renewal and CreationChristian Dahlen
Every industrial revolution has created a new set of categories and a new set of players.
Multiple new technologies have emerged, but Samsara and C3.ai are only two companies which have gone public so far.
Manufacturing startups constitute the largest pipeline share of unicorns and IPO candidates in the SF Bay Area, and software startups dominate in Germany.
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb PlatformSabaaSudozai
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024.pdfthesiliconleaders
In the recent edition, The 10 Most Influential Leaders Guiding Corporate Evolution, 2024, The Silicon Leaders magazine gladly features Dejan Štancer, President of the Global Chamber of Business Leaders (GCBL), along with other leaders.
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSS
❼❷⓿❺❻❷❽❷❼❽ Dpboss Matka Result Satta Matka Guessing Satta Fix jodi Kalyan Final ank Satta Matka Dpbos Final ank Satta Matta Matka 143 Kalyan Matka Guessing Final Matka Final ank Today Matka 420 Satta Batta Satta 143 Kalyan Chart Main Bazar Chart vip Matka Guessing Dpboss 143 Guessing Kalyan night
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This presentation is a curated compilation of PowerPoint diagrams and templates designed to illustrate 20 different digital transformation frameworks and models. These frameworks are based on recent industry trends and best practices, ensuring that the content remains relevant and up-to-date.
Key highlights include Microsoft's Digital Transformation Framework, which focuses on driving innovation and efficiency, and McKinsey's Ten Guiding Principles, which provide strategic insights for successful digital transformation. Additionally, Forrester's framework emphasizes enhancing customer experiences and modernizing IT infrastructure, while IDC's MaturityScape helps assess and develop organizational digital maturity. MIT's framework explores cutting-edge strategies for achieving digital success.
These materials are perfect for enhancing your business or classroom presentations, offering visual aids to supplement your insights. Please note that while comprehensive, these slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be complete for standalone instructional purposes.
Frameworks/Models included:
Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
McKinsey’s Ten Guiding Principles of Digital Transformation
Forrester’s Digital Transformation Framework
IDC’s Digital Transformation MaturityScape
MIT’s Digital Transformation Framework
Gartner’s Digital Transformation Framework
Accenture’s Digital Strategy & Enterprise Frameworks
Deloitte’s Digital Industrial Transformation Framework
Capgemini’s Digital Transformation Framework
PwC’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cisco’s Digital Transformation Framework
Cognizant’s Digital Transformation Framework
DXC Technology’s Digital Transformation Framework
The BCG Strategy Palette
McKinsey’s Digital Transformation Framework
Digital Transformation Compass
Four Levels of Digital Maturity
Design Thinking Framework
Business Model Canvas
Customer Journey Map
Storytelling is an incredibly valuable tool to share data and information. To get the most impact from stories there are a number of key ingredients. These are based on science and human nature. Using these elements in a story you can deliver information impactfully, ensure action and drive change.
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
1. MBALectures
www.slideshare.net/mbalectures
Free lecture notes and essays for International MBA Graduates, Corporate Executives, Stock
Market Investors, Bankers, Bureaucrats, Business Policy Makers, and World Trade Diplomats
LECTURE TRANSCRIPTS BASED ON THE
BOOK THAT COULD HAVE ALERTED YOU
OF THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS THAT
WALL STREET, ALAN GREENSPAN,
AND THE FEDERAL RESERVE
FAILED TO SEE COMING !
Book recommended by :
www. opednews.com
International paperback edition
currently available through
www.amazon.com
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
For the first time in American History and in the Age of
Turbulence, find out what Alan Greenspan failed to see !
3. It is known that America’s military power and economic clout can be leveraged over Asian nations,
and countries in the Middle East. Perhaps, many Western capitalists feel that for the good of the
American and European economies, the World Bank, IMF, WTO need to be run in a manner that will
allow special interests groups and big businesses in America and Europe to frame critical policies.
This suggests that the IMF must ensure that the United States Treasury is able to exert force on other
Asian nations and be able to protect American or European banks operating in Asian nations. Nobel
Laureate Joseph Stiglitz, a professor of economics at Columbia University, has been examining issues
connected with the World Bank, IMF, and WTO.
The IMF also offers a mechanism for quickly bailing out creditors from the G-7 nations. During the
financial crisis that gripped Asian nations, most of the creditors from European nations were safely
bailed out by the IMF. Many economists argue that the IMF was primarily created to keep the
communists off the poorer nations. Perhaps, the IMF was never seriously interested in helping nations
which had no visible communistic threat lurking in the corner. We note that IMF guidance has often
caused serious shortages in the supply of food and lead to starvation in developing nations that were
not exposed to communist threats. It would be wise to infer that the IMF will be willing to make huge
sums of money to bail out European creditors, but will be unwilling to make money available to
arrange food subsidies in poor countries facing a financial crisis.
The World Bank, IMF, and WTO do not strictly observe the rules of democracy in international
governance. At present, the G-7 member nations can exercise almost 50 percent of the power in
voting. Furthermore, America has a special veto status. In addition, America gets to choose the head
of the World Bank. The unwritten rule is that the American President has the freedom to select the
chief of the World Bank. However, as a formality, the selection of the chief is done by a secret voting
procedure involving 24 members. For instance, the George Bush administration ignored mild protests
from European members, and had Paul Wolfowitz installed as the chief of the World Bank. Surely,
these were not democratic initiatives. Under ordinary circumstances, at least the European countries
could have raised objection. However, the banking, trading, and financial systems in Europe are
managed by a complex web of bankers and capitalists having a cordial link of brotherhood with
bankers and capitalists in America. Most of the member nations that seek money from the World Bank
are developing countries without sufficient political clout. In total, the World Bank and the IMF have
enlisted 185 member nations.
Many economists and experts feel that individuals working for the IMF and World Bank are
inadequately qualified to the point of being grossly ill prepared to handle the responsibilities in a
competent manner. In the elite economic circles, it is believed that economists making policies at the
World Bank do not have the intellectual finesse to be able to understand the nuances of financial
markets in the third world. They appear to be puppet economists hired to carry out the hidden agendas
of special interest groups within the G-7 nations. It is also believed, that these pawn economists work
with economic models that are too simplistic to reflect the real world situation in third world
countries. At times of economic crisis, third world countries that have declined the guidance of the
IMF have done very well in recovering from a serious downturn. Those that have followed the
guidance of IMF have landed themselves in deeper trouble.
European and American economists of the current generation do not seem to understand the aberrant
economic problems of the developing nations in Africa, Asia, and South America. Incidentally, many
eminent economists and scholars have noticed that the Federal government in America is reluctant
to follow the advise from the IMF. However, officials of the World Bank insist on developing nations
seeking approval from the experts at IMF. When nations in Asia face an economic downturn, the IMF
advises them to practice austerity and establish higher interest rates. However, when the American
economy faces a downturn IMF recommends lowering interest rates and increased government
spending to stimulate the American economy. Though camouflaged as a benevolent organization, the
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
3
4. IMF has all the characteristics of an organization with ambitious political agendas.
Not only have the policy makers at the IMF managed to make callous errors of judgement, they have
also shown an unwillingness to learn from their mistakes. Countries such as China, India, and South
Korea have lost confidence in the IMF. Political leaders in China and South Korea probably see the
IMF as an organization with dishonorable agendas. The current belief in Asian bureaucratic circles
is that the new wave of regulations created by the WTO, IMF, and World Bank are in place to help
the G-7 nations tackle the emerging economic and political clout of Asian nations. At present,
America is becoming overly dependent on Asian nations to manage trade deficits. In fact, a
prestigious American bank recently sought financial help from wealthy banks in the Middle East and
the Far East. The total bailout package ran into several billion dollars. Emerging economic powers
in Asia have now become wiser. They are now declining assistance from the World Bank and the
IMF.
Currently, the G-7 nations are threatened by lower labor costs in Asia. Labor saving technologies
installed by G-7 capitalists have resulted in high unemployment levels. About 20 percent of
manufactured goods have to be imported from emerging economies into the G-7 nations.
If American policy makers encourage simpler service jobs, manufacturing industries in America might
have to close down. Soon after the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) was executed,
nearly half a million manufacturing jobs in America vanished. In addition, the trade deficits with
Canada and Mexico tripled. Typically, trade deficits seem to originate from products not generally
manufactured in America. For instance, the American appetite for clothing merchandise and toys
generate considerable trade deficits with China. Large quantities of toys and clothing are imported
into America from China where the average wage hovers around $ 3 per hour. In America, the wages
for the same category of jobs hover around $ 15 per hour. While factory workers in China are
underpaid, factory workers in America are overpaid. However, the most interesting fact is that the
Chinese people are being underpaid by American companies engaging in trade with Chinese
companies.
Capitalists, politicians, and bureaucrats who aggressively endorse free trade are also likely to endorse
warfare and military posturing when trade barriers are put in place by developing nations. Many poor
nations in Asia practice protectionism to encourage local industry. Developing nations that are trying
hard to become self sufficient in industrial capability have to erect trade barriers. At one time in
industrial history, even America had erected trade barriers. However, many capitalists in America and
Europe do not want developing nations in Asia and Africa to obstruct free trade with barriers and high
tariffs.
Free trade, as desired by American and European capitalists might threaten world peace. For an
American politician, it is very hard to fight multinational corporations or special interest groups.
Therefore, most American politicians quickly come to realize that the best thing to do is tow the line
of special interest groups and global corporations. In other words, politicians who wish to remain in
office would have to abandon their social responsibilities and join the special interest groups.
America needs a new breed of politicians who can maintain high ethical standards, challenge
capitalistic avarice, and allow some elbow room for third world nations to reorganize themselves and
attain self sufficiency. While capitalists are not overly concerned about the plight of poor nations,
responsible politicians in America and Europe must show concern. Politicians must learn to see
themselves as citizens of the world and discourage the plunder of third world economies through free
trade.
Japan had the opportunity to form important trade connections with her neighboring nations and help
South East Asia build a strong economy. Instead, Japanese politicians aligned the nation with America
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
4
5. and exhibited a self centered approach to trade and commerce. Japan began fostering a rival business
relationship with her poor trade neighbors. The Japanese also destroyed their own social fabric when
they began embracing Americanism. Many Asian and African cultures fail to instill social
consciousness in their citizens. Therefore, wealthy Asians and Africans are unwilling to invest in civil
projects required to build a nation.
The European nations decided to come together and form an European Union to gently counterbalance
the influence of America and Asia in global politics and trade. This put Great Britain in a tight spot.
She did not want to give up her allegiance to America and join a group of nations with many of whom
she had a history of military and cultural hostilities. Therefore, Tony Blain wanted to build new
alliances with America. Middle East politics provided a window of opportunity to Tony Blair.
Rice is not an important part of American diet. However, American farmers with mechanized
harvesters grow rice for export. Farmers and agro businesses have their government assist them in
exporting grains to Asia and Africa. The poor farmers in Asia and Africa face grinding poverty when
American and European agro products are dumped in their local markets. The political leaders of the
third world nations representing the famished farmers are unable to stand up and effectively confront
the stubborn political club of the G-7 nations.
In America’s industrial economy during the first half of the twentieth century, American business
executives were culturally insular. They did not attempt to aggressively explore markets in Asia and
Africa. Though America was an industrialized nation, it was not exporting industrial goods in
sufficient quantities. Instead, America began exporting large quantities of agricultural products for
balancing trade. This has caused great hardship to developing countries in Africa and Asia whose
forte is agricultural produce.
The powerful supermarket chains in America were able to bargain aggressively with the American
farmers and push them to the brink of bankruptcy. Also, the American farmers were not practicing
crop rotation like their counterparts in Europe and Asia. The government had to intervene and
establish a practice of providing subsidies to farmers. Therefore, the American subsidies to farmers
were indirectly subsidizing the wealthy supermarket capitalists. These capitalists could also devise
ways to dump agro-products in third world nations. Incidentally, supermarket chains often hired
citizens at nearly minimum wage. Over a period of three decades, the supermarkets have wiped out
the corner grocery stores and small retail businesses in the neighborhood.
American agro-businesses want developing nations to remove trade barriers to facilitate export of
genetically modified (GM) agricultural products. As European laws do not allow the introduction of
GM agro-products, many American companies want to dump these products in the poor Asian nations.
American agro-business companies are lobbying hard to have laws in Asian nations changed. Big
businesses often resort to high pressure tactics and intimidation to make Asian governments change
policies. These new policies will squash the rights of Asian farmers. Hundreds of Asian farmers who
have been denied fair trade and driven to bankruptcy have committed suicide. Incidentally, this
explains why the Soviets and Chinese had developed a dislike for Western capitalists.
The G-7 once represented the seven most industrialized nations of the world. The G-7 included
America, Canada, Germany, Italy, France, United Kingdom, and Japan. In the twenty first century,
these nations may not accurately represent the greatest economies in the world, but their historical
status has granted them high status in international commerce. Governments of G-7 nations are often
compelled by big businesses and capitalists to allow the skillful exploitation of poor nations. When
developing nations disagree on terms relating to imports from the Western nations, they are slapped
with economic sanctions. Therefore, the cycle of exploitation of the developing economies by the
industrialized nations continue. Sometimes, incompetent political leaders in third world nations allow
such exploitation to continue.
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
5
6. Most citizens of the G-7 nations are not aware of the designs of their capitalists and big businesses.
A particularly disheartening problem in modern times is that the voters and citizens in industrial
nations are ignorant of the unfair trade practices encouraged by their politicians and capitalists. The
newspapers and the TV media do not report news in this category. When the British were colonizing
India, the British capitalists forcibly bought raw cotton from Indian farmers, while the British
government prevented Indian factories from weaving cloth. Instead, cloth from Indian cotton was
produced in Manchester and shipped back to India. The ordinary citizens of Britain were probably
unaware of the unethical conduct of their capitalists.
Franklin Delano Roosevelt believed that free trade between countries would eventually lead to peace.
He was of the view that trade barriers erected during and after the industrial revolution had resulted
in wars which had endangered the lives of millions of innocent people. According to Roosevelt, trade
barriers could eventually lead to hostilities and warfare. Roosevelt conveniently disregarded the
popular economic hypothesis that free trade could only function well between equally developed or
equally under-developed nations.
American and European trade diplomats also managed to create an impression that free trade is
defined as transfer of goods under the rules conceived by capitalists from America and Europe. In
recent decades, European nations have been plagued with high unemployment and under-employment.
We must further acknowledge that most of the industrially advanced nations of the world seem to be
facing a new generation of social and economic problems. These industrialized nations are exhibiting
an inadequate growth rate of about 2 percent. Germany and France have been coping with the
problems of unemployed youth engaging in systematic rioting. Under such circumstances, it would
be outlandish for industrial nations to be willing to allow liberal imports of textiles, electronic goods,
hardware, automobiles, and agro-products from the developing countries. Without serious
consequences, America and Europe can no longer welcome unlimited imports from Asian countries.
For hundreds of years, racketeering, swindling, and deception have been a part of international trade.
Incidentally, in earlier decades, colonist governments had engaged in state sponsored swindling. In
the twentieth century, swindling had to be legitimized. It seems as if modern institutions such as the
World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF), U.S. Treasury, and the World Trade Organization
have borrowed many ingenious ideas and ideologies from traders of the nineteenth century. In those
days, trade occurred between less civilized societies. In the nineteenth century, there were no systems
in place to ensure ethical business practices. History repeats itself. The murky methods of trade of the
nineteenth century have now been refined, perfected, and put in practice for controlling international
money markets, regional politics, trade, and commerce.
The IMF, WTO, and World Bank are multi-layered organizations where the top layer has a vital
hidden agenda which the bottom layer is completely unaware of. Many economists working in the
second layer for the IMF might naively believe that the organization has been set up to offer assistance
to stabilize economies of developing nations. On the other hand, the top layer bureaucrats at IMF
know that their primary goal is to assist the financial communities in America, Canada, France,
Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom in maintaining supremacy.
The World Bank appears to be an organization with sophisticated political agendas. The World Bank
was also interested in encouraging the developed countries to move their toxic waste producing
industries to the least developed economies. Any organization claiming to be for the benefit of the
world community would not be suggesting that pollution be moved to third world countries.
Incidentally, the World Bank wants water distribution in developing countries to be privatized. This
is another odd agenda, as there is big money to be made in the water distribution business. Many
European countries want the water distribution in developing countries to be privatized. The Western
companies want to bid for the water distribution projects in third world nations.
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
6
7. The integrative role of the WTO, World Bank, and the IMF maybe to protect American and European
economies by putting them on a new path of growth by stimulating exports. We notice that the IMF
prefers to give the top executive power to European citizens. The World Bank prefers to give top
executive powers to American citizens. Perhaps, as an organization largely controlled by Western
interests, even the WTO could covertly provide a legitimate facade to carefully mislead the
developing nations into believing that a level playing field for free trade can be created. Then, the
objective of the WTO could be to rope in the poor nations into a net and force them to cut tariffs,
remove trade barriers, and increase their imports from the G-7 nations. This would help the G-7
nations temporarily combat unemployment and poor growth rates until better economic structures are
put in place. In the meantime, the free trade might end up generating enormous inequalities and
disparities between the developed and developing economies. The developing nations could get
locked in a downward spiral. Mexico and Argentina experimented with free trade and ran into serious
economic problems.
Most usually, the concept of free trade works well between nations whose industrial development is
at the same level. Therefore, when the concept of free trade is applied across nations with different
levels of industrial development, the less developed nations could get pushed further into
impoverishment. It is conceivable that artful economists at the WTO or World Bank are in a position
to easily concoct new theories and steer their economic analysis to suit the economic agenda of the
G-7 nations. Using the faulty analysis they could even try to produce a document that looks credible
enough to direct a new policy. In other words, economists in these organizations run the risk of being
bought by European and American special interest groups. Furthermore, the skillful economists could
try to make their analysis complex enough to be beyond the comprehending ability of political leaders
of the developing nations. Many nations in Africa and Asia are run by political leaders who have close
connections with opportunists.
Quite often, free trade has been observed to result in job losses in nations that participate. However,
the rich capitalists are never overly concerned about jobless growth and wage less growth. Industrial
nations are generally satisfied at keeping the unemployment rate at about 4 percent. This scheme
ensures that the pathetically indolent and incompetent citizens of a nation, who fall in the bottom 4
percent, are eliminated from the industrial workforce. However, in mature industrial economies,
under-employment hovers around 25 percent. As a classic case of under-employment, a college degree
is now required to earn a high school graduate's salary. In industrialized economies, when women
entered the nations workforce in large numbers, the wage levels fell significantly.
At a great economic and social cost, the American nation has stationed battle ready aircraft carriers,
submarines, and aircrafts at strategic locations on the globe. To defend weak nations from communist
threats, the American policing scheme with dependable European alliances has a fairly extensive
footprint. The Soviet Union might have been dismantled, but there are many nations in Latin America
and Asia which continue to have faith in communism. While China is experimenting with free market
economics and communism, Cuba is experimenting with socialism.
As private policing does not come for free, many nations in the world have chosen to ignore the issue
of America’s economic and political agendas. American policing brings enormous benefits to poor
countries with untapped mineral resources. Impoverished nations that sign up for American policing
services need not invest heavily in military infrastructure. In the event of a sudden crisis, just a ten
dollar phone call to the White House administration will bring American aircraft carriers and
submarines into attack position. Like an insurance policy with a modest premium, this certainly is a
great military luxury for impoverished nations whose political leaders have faith in American
capitalism.
While eagerly volunteering to organize policing activities, American politicians and capitalists are
willing to sacrifice the lives of able bodied men and women in uniform. They are also willing to take
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
7
8. flak for their decisions. This in itself is very honorable. Incidentally, it may be hard to place an exact
economic value on human lives of the soldiers in the front lines, and incorporate this value into the
social cost of protection. As America has a relatively small contingent of infantrymen, the world
policing job might drive America into a situation of conscription if wars have to be fought
simultaneously in several theaters.
It costs a lot of money to maintain space satellites, aircraft carriers, missile defense systems, and
nuclear submarines for worldwide policing. Perhaps, the nations in the world have an obligation to
foot the bill required for the policing infrastructure. Within an international monetary system, the cost
of global policing could have been recovered elegantly through a global police protection tax.
However, the brazen unconventionality of collecting protection money for American world policing
might have invited harsh criticism from nations in Europe. In fact, the French intelligentsia would
have equated this practice to the Sicilian Mafia’s scheme of extorting protection money.
America is in a position to recover a modest amount of protection money in a camouflaged way
through unfair trade practices. For instance, unfair trade through farm subsidies is a good way of
covertly recovering the costs of policing. Unfair trade with wealthier European nations could help
fund the policing costs incurred on poorer Asian nations. To America, it would not matter where the
money came from, as long as policing expenses were covered. Incidentally, the European nations
might feel morally justified in establishing unfair trade practices with Asian nations. Later, concealed
profits through unfair trade can be diverted into the American treasury for police expenditure.
The WTO is an organization that can legitimize unfair trade to help Europe and America raise money
for protecting Asian nations from communistic threats. Perhaps, the secret agenda of the WTO
extends beyond dealing with simple trade issues and commerce. At the WTO, the leaders of the G-7
nations probably have to work out the financing methods that support international policing. These
plans might constitute classified information, that cannot be made public. For instance, these plans
might require the close scrutiny of geopolitical objectives of Chinese communists.
A culture of compulsive consumerism makes America the biggest consumer of merchandise. America
buys cars from Japan and toys from China. Consumer spending in America drives the Asian economy.
At present, emerging economies of the world account for nearly 40 percent of world business in terms
of exports. The leaders of Asian nations feel that emerging economies should have a greater level of
participation in official domains of the WTO, IMF, and the World Bank.
India, China, and Brazil are seeking organizational changes to attract greater attention. Perhaps, the
changes are not forthcoming because of a second agenda involving international policing. Because
of the potential role of the WTO in indirectly funding policing operations of the future, the top
executive positions in these organizations have to be held by Americans and Europeans. It would be
imprudent to allow executives from South America and Asia into the planning domain. It is a well
known fact that several socialist and communist groups are active in South America and Asia.
4CROYDON BOOKS
PROGRESSIVE LITERATURE TO PROVOKE
YOUR INTELLIGENCE AND UPLIFT YOUR GENIUS
8