World Bank Guidelines and International Investment Law
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
2 likes•650 views
This document discusses foreign direct investment and guidelines on foreign investment. It outlines the different kinds of foreign investment like private direct investment and portfolio investment. It also discusses the role, limitations, and need to control foreign investment. The main guidelines on foreign investment aim to promote investment by addressing issues like entry of investment, treatment of investment, protection from expropriation, and dispute settlement processes. The guidelines are significant in establishing the scope and standards for admitting, treating, and protecting foreign investment.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
OECD project on institutional investors and long term investment - Raffaele D...
This presentation was made by Raffaele Della Croce, OECD, at the 8th meeting of Senior Public-Private Partnerships and Infrastructure Officials held in Paris on 23-24 March 2015.
PPP Fiscal Risk Assessment Model, P_FRAM - Isabel Rial, IMF
This presentation was made by Isabel Rial, IMF, at the 8th meeting of Senior Public-Private Partnerships and Infrastructure Officials held in Paris on 23-24 March 2015.
After Paris - How do we meet the infrastructure targets that the COP21 Paris ...
Presentation made by Simon Buckle, Environment Directorate, OECD, at the 9th annual network meeting of Senior Infrastructure & PPP Officials held at the OECD, Paris, on 1 March 2016
6
institutional investment in infrastructure development in developing countries
This document discusses the potential for institutional investors to help fill the infrastructure financing gap in developing countries. It finds that while infrastructure projects could deliver long-term returns for institutional investors, investments in emerging markets require careful structuring. The document analyzes the types of institutional investors and their current limited allocations to emerging market infrastructure. It also examines challenges to increasing such allocations, like sovereign risk and a lack of investable projects. Finally, it considers models for institutional investor involvement in infrastructure in developing countries.
איל הורוביץ דנו שלבים שונים של התאגידים הפיננסיים
This document discusses Israel's national balance sheet accounts from 2011. It provides information on the sources and methods used to compile the balance sheets since 2002. The main findings from 2011 show that Israel's total national wealth was NIS 2,091 billion, or 2.4 times GDP. Total assets were NIS 7,250 billion, or 8.3 times GDP. Total credit in Israel was NIS 1,763 billion, with the majority (44%) in the form of loans from banks to non-financial corporations and households.
Emerging economies and financial markets110914a
The potential growth of Emerging Markets are quite and going forward there will be a long term trend of continuous flow of funds from AMs to EMs. The strategies for sustaining this momentum are covered.
Infrastructure finance, MOOC Digital Artificat
The document discusses various sources of infrastructure financing for developing countries, including different types of public and private domestic and international finance. It addresses challenges in attracting infrastructure financing, particularly for low-income countries, and their substantial infrastructure investment needs. The document also covers topics like foreign direct investment, foreign aid, public-private partnerships, the role of multilateral development banks, and strategies for mobilizing long-term public-private infrastructure projects.
Introduction to international finance and International economy
International economics is a field of study that assesses the implications of international trade, international investment, and international borrowing and lending.
There are two broad sub-fields within the discipline: international trade and international finance
Recommended
OECD project on institutional investors and long term investment - Raffaele D...
This presentation was made by Raffaele Della Croce, OECD, at the 8th meeting of Senior Public-Private Partnerships and Infrastructure Officials held in Paris on 23-24 March 2015.
PPP Fiscal Risk Assessment Model, P_FRAM - Isabel Rial, IMF
This presentation was made by Isabel Rial, IMF, at the 8th meeting of Senior Public-Private Partnerships and Infrastructure Officials held in Paris on 23-24 March 2015.
After Paris - How do we meet the infrastructure targets that the COP21 Paris ...
Presentation made by Simon Buckle, Environment Directorate, OECD, at the 9th annual network meeting of Senior Infrastructure & PPP Officials held at the OECD, Paris, on 1 March 2016
6
institutional investment in infrastructure development in developing countries
This document discusses the potential for institutional investors to help fill the infrastructure financing gap in developing countries. It finds that while infrastructure projects could deliver long-term returns for institutional investors, investments in emerging markets require careful structuring. The document analyzes the types of institutional investors and their current limited allocations to emerging market infrastructure. It also examines challenges to increasing such allocations, like sovereign risk and a lack of investable projects. Finally, it considers models for institutional investor involvement in infrastructure in developing countries.
איל הורוביץ דנו שלבים שונים של התאגידים הפיננסיים
This document discusses Israel's national balance sheet accounts from 2011. It provides information on the sources and methods used to compile the balance sheets since 2002. The main findings from 2011 show that Israel's total national wealth was NIS 2,091 billion, or 2.4 times GDP. Total assets were NIS 7,250 billion, or 8.3 times GDP. Total credit in Israel was NIS 1,763 billion, with the majority (44%) in the form of loans from banks to non-financial corporations and households.
Emerging economies and financial markets110914a
The potential growth of Emerging Markets are quite and going forward there will be a long term trend of continuous flow of funds from AMs to EMs. The strategies for sustaining this momentum are covered.
Infrastructure finance, MOOC Digital Artificat
The document discusses various sources of infrastructure financing for developing countries, including different types of public and private domestic and international finance. It addresses challenges in attracting infrastructure financing, particularly for low-income countries, and their substantial infrastructure investment needs. The document also covers topics like foreign direct investment, foreign aid, public-private partnerships, the role of multilateral development banks, and strategies for mobilizing long-term public-private infrastructure projects.
Introduction to international finance and International economy
International economics is a field of study that assesses the implications of international trade, international investment, and international borrowing and lending.
There are two broad sub-fields within the discipline: international trade and international finance
The future of development finance
The document discusses modernizing measures and instruments for development finance in the post-2015 era. It outlines that development finance is becoming more complex with many sources beyond traditional ODA. The OECD aims to promote transparency, accountability and mobilization of resources through modernizing its statistical framework. Key aspects of modernization agreed at the 2014 OECD DAC High Level Meeting include: measuring ODA loans at grant equivalents, better targeting of ODA to those most in need, and capturing mobilized private finance through Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) statistics.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTInternational flow of goods & services & coping with curren...
The document discusses balance of payments categories and the international flow of goods, services, and capital. It describes how the current account, capital account, and official reserves account relate through double-entry bookkeeping. It also explains the linkages between domestic savings and investment, and the current and capital accounts. The document considers possible solutions for coping with a current account deficit, finding that currency depreciation and protectionism are generally ineffective, while stimulating national saving may help address imbalances.
Foreign direct investment
FDI involves a foreign investor owning physical assets abroad. It brings capital, technical know-how, and business experience to support economic growth and development when domestic resources are inadequate. FDI can take various forms, including direct investment of cash and equipment, portfolio investments in shares and securities, and intergovernmental loans. While FDI promotes technology transfer, job training, and access to foreign markets, it can also distort domestic development, increase dependence on foreign sources, and adversely impact the balance of payments through profit repatriation. Both opportunities and risks must be weighed when pursuing FDI.
EIB's External Lending Activity
Presentation by Maria Shaw-Barragan, EIB Deputy Director of Global Partners Department, on the European Investment Bank's activities outside the EU made on 17/01/2017.
9 financial-sector-development-and-poverty-reduction
This document discusses the relationship between financial sector development and poverty reduction. It argues that financial sector development is an effective way to reduce poverty through four main avenues: improving efficiency, increasing access and range of services, improving regulation, and increasing access for more of the population. The financial sector is divided into four parts for analysis: banking, insurance, stock markets, and bond markets. Variables are identified to measure development in each sector. The study aims to analyze the relationship between financial sector development and poverty across different countries. Financial sector development leads to growth, which then reduces poverty, demonstrating a negative relationship between financial sector development and poverty.
Budget, deficit and deficit financing
The document discusses government budgets, deficits, and deficit financing. It defines different types of budgets - revenue and capital - and budget receipts and expenditures. It then defines and explains different types of deficits a government can run, including revenue, capital, fiscal, primary, effective revenue, and monetary deficits. It concludes by outlining the typical priority sources for deficit financing: external aid, grants, borrowings, internal borrowings, and printing currency as a last resort.
Bop
The document discusses key aspects of a country's balance of payments (BOP), including:
1) The BOP measures all international economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign residents over a period, usually a year. It provides important information for policymakers and multinational enterprises.
2) The BOP has several components, including the current account, capital/financial account, and official reserves account. The current account covers trade in goods, services, income, and transfers, while the capital/financial account covers trade in financial assets.
3) A country's BOP interacts significantly with macroeconomic variables like GDP, exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation rates. Surpluses and deficits provide
Financiang Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe
There are 88,100 km of classified roads in Zimbabwe, 17,400 km of which are paved .About 5 percent of the network is classified as primary roads and has some of the most trafficked arterials that link Zimbabwe with its neighbors. A portion of the Pan-Africa Highway passes through Zimbabwe. This part of the road network plays a major role in the movement of the country’s imports and exports as well as transit freight.
However lately due to fiscal constraints and budgetary ills, the road network has rapidly deteriorated and can be described as in intensive care. There is need for rehabilitation, maintenance and construction of new roads especially the Beitbridge- Chirundu highway ( a transit corridor) linking South Africa and the upper parts of Africa. Road carnage have been prevalent and the busy road is narrow and can not contain the level of traffic flow operating there.
A developmental Imperative therefore presents itself on how to finance the road construction against compiling government developmental initiatives. A financing mechanism is therefore proposed in this presentation. This Innovative finance model ensure private capital investments funding development against government financing. This provides a breather to the government as they focus on other initiatives and the private sector wins through greater financial and social returns inherent in these financing structures.
International finance
This document provides an overview of international finance from a legal and regulatory perspective. It discusses four main topics: 1) what constitutes international finance, 2) the degree of integration of national financial markets, 3) the sources of international financial law and regulation including both national governments and multilateral institutions, and 4) the costs and benefits of increasing globalization of international finance. The document concludes that harmonized rules created and supervised by supranational authorities will help minimize financial instability and maximize efficiency.
Recent changes in ifm
The document discusses recent changes in international financial markets over the past few decades. It notes the liberalization and deregulation of cross-border financial transactions, leading to integration and globalization of previously separate markets. New financial instruments and the rise of derivatives markets have increased complexity and speculation. While greater access to capital has benefits, it has also increased risks and volatility in markets.
Development finance in the post 2015 context
Development finance in the post 2015 contextEuropean Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
Geert Laporte
The Next Chapter of Development Cooperation: Challenges and Choices, EDCF Development Finance Seminar, Seoul 6 May 2013
Innovations in blended finance for infrastructure
This document discusses the importance of infrastructure for achieving development goals and the significant shortfall in infrastructure financing. It notes that an estimated $3-6 trillion per year is needed for infrastructure but there is currently a $3 trillion shortfall. Blended finance, which combines public and private sector funds, is proposed as a way to attract more private capital from capital markets. However, incorporating official development assistance directly into financial structures poses challenges due to its concessional nature and development objectives conflicting with private sector return expectations. The performance of blended finance innovations should be evaluated based on the amount of additional capital they attract from markets per public dollar spent.
Capital movement theory
Capital movement theory describes international capital movement as any transfer of capital between countries, in the form of physical capital or financial capital, with the goal of obtaining extra profit through interest, dividends, shares, or rental profits from corporations abroad. International capital movement plays an important role in the economic development of many countries by providing outlets for savings, helping to finance underdeveloped countries, easing balance of payments problems, and contributing to more stable economic growth patterns through smoothing of business cycles. One of the most significant economic developments of the 1990s was the surge in international capital flows resulting from greater financial liberalization and technological improvements.
Infrastructure Financing
The document discusses India's smart cities initiative which aims to develop 100 smart cities through public-private partnerships. A sum of Rs. 7060 crore has been allocated for this project in the 2014-15 budget. Smart cities are defined as ecologically friendly and technologically integrated urban spaces that use information technology to improve efficiency. They aim to create livable, workable and sustainable cities. However, challenges include ensuring projects are self-sustaining without controversial land acquisition and that resources also go towards improving existing cities' basic infrastructure through urban renewal.
International Capital Movement
This document is a project report submitted by a student to the University of Mumbai on international capital movement. It includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements, a table of contents, and sections covering objectives, research methodology, and various topics related to international capital movement such as meaning, types, factors affecting, role, importance, trends, and policies. The report provides an overview of concepts and issues related to the flow of capital across international borders.
Economic Development Financing 101
The basics of development financing for real estate development and businesses, from how banks make loan decisions to how SBA and other programs work to help create and retain jobs. Presented at the 2016 Ohio Basic Economic Development Course.
Accounting principles in bop
This document discusses accounting principles for balance of payments (BOP) accounting. It outlines that BOP accounting follows double-entry bookkeeping, with debits equal to credits. Transactions are recorded based on whether they represent payments from or receipts to a country. Exports are credited on the current account and debited on the capital account. Imports are debited on the current account and credited on the capital account. The BOP consists of the current account balance, capital and financial account balance, and official settlements account balance. Valuation and timing of recording transactions can pose challenges to uniform BOP accounting practices.
Session 10 Timothy Bishop
This document discusses governance standards for institutional investments and integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It finds that few institutional investors currently consider ESG impacts in their investment processes. Governance standards are not seen as barriers to ESG integration, but regulatory frameworks provide limited explicit recognition of ESG issues. The document also outlines various infrastructure financing instruments, transaction enablers, risks, policy tools, and barriers to infrastructure investment. It concludes with the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on long-term investment by institutional investors.
2.2. Balance Of Payment Capital Account To Finance Ca Deficit
International Finance related issues.
The Capital Account of the balance of payments measures all international economic transactions of financial assets. It is divided into two components:
+ The Capital Account
+ The Financial Account.
Capital Accounts consist of:
- Direct Investment – in which the investor exerts some explicit degree of control over the assets.
- Portfolio Investment – in which the investor has no control over the assets nor any participation in the management.
- Other Investment – consists of various short-term and long-term trade credits, cross-border loans, currency deposits, bank deposits and other capital flows related to cross-border trade.
DSR - Debt Service Ratio:
The Debt Service Ratio - DSR is the percentage of a borrower's income that will be used to pay off a loan. It is one of the factors a lender will use to assess your application. Most lenders set the maximum DSR from 30% to 30%, which means that the loan repayments should not take up more than that part of your salary. This ensures that you will be able to pay off your loan comfortably, with little to no risk of defaulting or going bankrupt. The DSR may be calculated based on your monthly, weekly or fortnightly earnings.
2013 cambridge eib support to innovation in the mena region,joyce liyan,head...
The document discusses the European Investment Bank's (EIB) support for innovation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It notes that the EIB has provided over €14.2 billion in funding since 2002 for projects in infrastructure, SME credit lines, equity, risk capital, and microfinance. It also supports innovation through loans for technology parks and education infrastructure in countries like Tunisia, Morocco, and Jordan. The EIB provides funding for innovative SMEs through various investment funds. It is exploring new areas like partnerships with the European Space Agency and maturation funds to support technology transfer projects across a large region.
Omaxe commercial hub 79 faridabad Neharpar Plot Residential
This document summarizes a proposed commercial and residential development project including: the location and project details; demographics and density of the area; a commercial need forecast; a comparison of residential and commercial plot prices; a list of businesses that may require showrooms; and advice that investing in commercial plots could be more profitable than residential. It provides population figures, income levels, and outlines zones planned for commercial, residential, industrial and institutional use.
International Chamber of Commerce
The document summarizes information about the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan (NCE) and its subsidiary, the Chamber of International Commerce of Kazakhstan (KAZCIC).
The NCE aims to further develop entrepreneurship and strengthen business representation in dialogue with the government. It represents legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, and farming businesses. KAZCIC was established in 2014 to assist entrepreneurs with foreign economic activities and contributes to Kazakhstan's development.
KAZCIC's goals are to help local businesses grow internationally through trade promotion, technology transfer, and export promotion of Kazakh products with international partners. It provides legal support, informational assistance, and business education to members.
More Related Content
What's hot
The future of development finance
The document discusses modernizing measures and instruments for development finance in the post-2015 era. It outlines that development finance is becoming more complex with many sources beyond traditional ODA. The OECD aims to promote transparency, accountability and mobilization of resources through modernizing its statistical framework. Key aspects of modernization agreed at the 2014 OECD DAC High Level Meeting include: measuring ODA loans at grant equivalents, better targeting of ODA to those most in need, and capturing mobilized private finance through Total Official Support for Sustainable Development (TOSSD) statistics.
BALANCE OF PAYMENTInternational flow of goods & services & coping with curren...
The document discusses balance of payments categories and the international flow of goods, services, and capital. It describes how the current account, capital account, and official reserves account relate through double-entry bookkeeping. It also explains the linkages between domestic savings and investment, and the current and capital accounts. The document considers possible solutions for coping with a current account deficit, finding that currency depreciation and protectionism are generally ineffective, while stimulating national saving may help address imbalances.
Foreign direct investment
FDI involves a foreign investor owning physical assets abroad. It brings capital, technical know-how, and business experience to support economic growth and development when domestic resources are inadequate. FDI can take various forms, including direct investment of cash and equipment, portfolio investments in shares and securities, and intergovernmental loans. While FDI promotes technology transfer, job training, and access to foreign markets, it can also distort domestic development, increase dependence on foreign sources, and adversely impact the balance of payments through profit repatriation. Both opportunities and risks must be weighed when pursuing FDI.
EIB's External Lending Activity
Presentation by Maria Shaw-Barragan, EIB Deputy Director of Global Partners Department, on the European Investment Bank's activities outside the EU made on 17/01/2017.
9 financial-sector-development-and-poverty-reduction
This document discusses the relationship between financial sector development and poverty reduction. It argues that financial sector development is an effective way to reduce poverty through four main avenues: improving efficiency, increasing access and range of services, improving regulation, and increasing access for more of the population. The financial sector is divided into four parts for analysis: banking, insurance, stock markets, and bond markets. Variables are identified to measure development in each sector. The study aims to analyze the relationship between financial sector development and poverty across different countries. Financial sector development leads to growth, which then reduces poverty, demonstrating a negative relationship between financial sector development and poverty.
Budget, deficit and deficit financing
The document discusses government budgets, deficits, and deficit financing. It defines different types of budgets - revenue and capital - and budget receipts and expenditures. It then defines and explains different types of deficits a government can run, including revenue, capital, fiscal, primary, effective revenue, and monetary deficits. It concludes by outlining the typical priority sources for deficit financing: external aid, grants, borrowings, internal borrowings, and printing currency as a last resort.
Bop
The document discusses key aspects of a country's balance of payments (BOP), including:
1) The BOP measures all international economic transactions between residents of a country and foreign residents over a period, usually a year. It provides important information for policymakers and multinational enterprises.
2) The BOP has several components, including the current account, capital/financial account, and official reserves account. The current account covers trade in goods, services, income, and transfers, while the capital/financial account covers trade in financial assets.
3) A country's BOP interacts significantly with macroeconomic variables like GDP, exchange rates, interest rates, and inflation rates. Surpluses and deficits provide
Financiang Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe
There are 88,100 km of classified roads in Zimbabwe, 17,400 km of which are paved .About 5 percent of the network is classified as primary roads and has some of the most trafficked arterials that link Zimbabwe with its neighbors. A portion of the Pan-Africa Highway passes through Zimbabwe. This part of the road network plays a major role in the movement of the country’s imports and exports as well as transit freight.
However lately due to fiscal constraints and budgetary ills, the road network has rapidly deteriorated and can be described as in intensive care. There is need for rehabilitation, maintenance and construction of new roads especially the Beitbridge- Chirundu highway ( a transit corridor) linking South Africa and the upper parts of Africa. Road carnage have been prevalent and the busy road is narrow and can not contain the level of traffic flow operating there.
A developmental Imperative therefore presents itself on how to finance the road construction against compiling government developmental initiatives. A financing mechanism is therefore proposed in this presentation. This Innovative finance model ensure private capital investments funding development against government financing. This provides a breather to the government as they focus on other initiatives and the private sector wins through greater financial and social returns inherent in these financing structures.
International finance
This document provides an overview of international finance from a legal and regulatory perspective. It discusses four main topics: 1) what constitutes international finance, 2) the degree of integration of national financial markets, 3) the sources of international financial law and regulation including both national governments and multilateral institutions, and 4) the costs and benefits of increasing globalization of international finance. The document concludes that harmonized rules created and supervised by supranational authorities will help minimize financial instability and maximize efficiency.
Recent changes in ifm
The document discusses recent changes in international financial markets over the past few decades. It notes the liberalization and deregulation of cross-border financial transactions, leading to integration and globalization of previously separate markets. New financial instruments and the rise of derivatives markets have increased complexity and speculation. While greater access to capital has benefits, it has also increased risks and volatility in markets.
Development finance in the post 2015 context
Development finance in the post 2015 contextEuropean Centre for Development Policy Management (ECDPM)
Geert Laporte
The Next Chapter of Development Cooperation: Challenges and Choices, EDCF Development Finance Seminar, Seoul 6 May 2013
Innovations in blended finance for infrastructure
This document discusses the importance of infrastructure for achieving development goals and the significant shortfall in infrastructure financing. It notes that an estimated $3-6 trillion per year is needed for infrastructure but there is currently a $3 trillion shortfall. Blended finance, which combines public and private sector funds, is proposed as a way to attract more private capital from capital markets. However, incorporating official development assistance directly into financial structures poses challenges due to its concessional nature and development objectives conflicting with private sector return expectations. The performance of blended finance innovations should be evaluated based on the amount of additional capital they attract from markets per public dollar spent.
Capital movement theory
Capital movement theory describes international capital movement as any transfer of capital between countries, in the form of physical capital or financial capital, with the goal of obtaining extra profit through interest, dividends, shares, or rental profits from corporations abroad. International capital movement plays an important role in the economic development of many countries by providing outlets for savings, helping to finance underdeveloped countries, easing balance of payments problems, and contributing to more stable economic growth patterns through smoothing of business cycles. One of the most significant economic developments of the 1990s was the surge in international capital flows resulting from greater financial liberalization and technological improvements.
Infrastructure Financing
The document discusses India's smart cities initiative which aims to develop 100 smart cities through public-private partnerships. A sum of Rs. 7060 crore has been allocated for this project in the 2014-15 budget. Smart cities are defined as ecologically friendly and technologically integrated urban spaces that use information technology to improve efficiency. They aim to create livable, workable and sustainable cities. However, challenges include ensuring projects are self-sustaining without controversial land acquisition and that resources also go towards improving existing cities' basic infrastructure through urban renewal.
International Capital Movement
This document is a project report submitted by a student to the University of Mumbai on international capital movement. It includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements, a table of contents, and sections covering objectives, research methodology, and various topics related to international capital movement such as meaning, types, factors affecting, role, importance, trends, and policies. The report provides an overview of concepts and issues related to the flow of capital across international borders.
Economic Development Financing 101
The basics of development financing for real estate development and businesses, from how banks make loan decisions to how SBA and other programs work to help create and retain jobs. Presented at the 2016 Ohio Basic Economic Development Course.
Accounting principles in bop
This document discusses accounting principles for balance of payments (BOP) accounting. It outlines that BOP accounting follows double-entry bookkeeping, with debits equal to credits. Transactions are recorded based on whether they represent payments from or receipts to a country. Exports are credited on the current account and debited on the capital account. Imports are debited on the current account and credited on the capital account. The BOP consists of the current account balance, capital and financial account balance, and official settlements account balance. Valuation and timing of recording transactions can pose challenges to uniform BOP accounting practices.
Session 10 Timothy Bishop
This document discusses governance standards for institutional investments and integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors. It finds that few institutional investors currently consider ESG impacts in their investment processes. Governance standards are not seen as barriers to ESG integration, but regulatory frameworks provide limited explicit recognition of ESG issues. The document also outlines various infrastructure financing instruments, transaction enablers, risks, policy tools, and barriers to infrastructure investment. It concludes with the G20/OECD High-Level Principles on long-term investment by institutional investors.
2.2. Balance Of Payment Capital Account To Finance Ca Deficit
International Finance related issues.
The Capital Account of the balance of payments measures all international economic transactions of financial assets. It is divided into two components:
+ The Capital Account
+ The Financial Account.
Capital Accounts consist of:
- Direct Investment – in which the investor exerts some explicit degree of control over the assets.
- Portfolio Investment – in which the investor has no control over the assets nor any participation in the management.
- Other Investment – consists of various short-term and long-term trade credits, cross-border loans, currency deposits, bank deposits and other capital flows related to cross-border trade.
DSR - Debt Service Ratio:
The Debt Service Ratio - DSR is the percentage of a borrower's income that will be used to pay off a loan. It is one of the factors a lender will use to assess your application. Most lenders set the maximum DSR from 30% to 30%, which means that the loan repayments should not take up more than that part of your salary. This ensures that you will be able to pay off your loan comfortably, with little to no risk of defaulting or going bankrupt. The DSR may be calculated based on your monthly, weekly or fortnightly earnings.
2013 cambridge eib support to innovation in the mena region,joyce liyan,head...
The document discusses the European Investment Bank's (EIB) support for innovation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. It notes that the EIB has provided over €14.2 billion in funding since 2002 for projects in infrastructure, SME credit lines, equity, risk capital, and microfinance. It also supports innovation through loans for technology parks and education infrastructure in countries like Tunisia, Morocco, and Jordan. The EIB provides funding for innovative SMEs through various investment funds. It is exploring new areas like partnerships with the European Space Agency and maturation funds to support technology transfer projects across a large region.
What's hot (20)
BALANCE OF PAYMENTInternational flow of goods & services & coping with curren...
BALANCE OF PAYMENTInternational flow of goods & services & coping with curren...
9 financial-sector-development-and-poverty-reduction
9 financial-sector-development-and-poverty-reduction
Financiang Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe
Financiang Infrastructural Development in Zimbabwe
2.2. Balance Of Payment Capital Account To Finance Ca Deficit
2.2. Balance Of Payment Capital Account To Finance Ca Deficit
2013 cambridge eib support to innovation in the mena region,joyce liyan,head...
2013 cambridge eib support to innovation in the mena region,joyce liyan,head...
Viewers also liked
Omaxe commercial hub 79 faridabad Neharpar Plot Residential
This document summarizes a proposed commercial and residential development project including: the location and project details; demographics and density of the area; a commercial need forecast; a comparison of residential and commercial plot prices; a list of businesses that may require showrooms; and advice that investing in commercial plots could be more profitable than residential. It provides population figures, income levels, and outlines zones planned for commercial, residential, industrial and institutional use.
International Chamber of Commerce
The document summarizes information about the National Chamber of Entrepreneurs of Kazakhstan (NCE) and its subsidiary, the Chamber of International Commerce of Kazakhstan (KAZCIC).
The NCE aims to further develop entrepreneurship and strengthen business representation in dialogue with the government. It represents legal entities, individual entrepreneurs, and farming businesses. KAZCIC was established in 2014 to assist entrepreneurs with foreign economic activities and contributes to Kazakhstan's development.
KAZCIC's goals are to help local businesses grow internationally through trade promotion, technology transfer, and export promotion of Kazakh products with international partners. It provides legal support, informational assistance, and business education to members.
Ingles
The document outlines several personal life goals and projects including finishing a cooking class to make a wonderful Christmas meal, attending a marketing course, baking cookies for family over the weekend, buying an apartment in February, and purchasing gifts for family in December.
Wb procurement intro 1
The document provides guidelines for procurement under IBRD Loans and IDA Credits. It outlines that the purpose is to inform project implementers of the policies that govern procurement of goods, works and services financed by World Bank loans. It describes that open competition is generally the most appropriate procurement method, with international competitive bidding required in most cases. It also establishes eligibility requirements for bidder participation and exceptions to non-discrimination policies.
Wb procurement other method-2
This document summarizes various methods of procurement other than International Competitive Bidding (ICB). It discusses inspection agents, procurement in loans to financial intermediaries, procurement under BOO/BOT/BOOT concessions, performance-based procurement, procurement under loans guaranteed by the bank, and community participation in procurement. For each topic, it provides an overview and highlights important considerations around eligibility and procedures.
Twenty Six Steps Revisited.ppt
This document outlines Brett Tabke's experience building a popular post on the website WebmasterWorld about how to earn $15k per day through 26 steps. The post received over 29 million page views and 5 million unique visitors, but also resulted in Brett receiving over 200 copies of the post published elsewhere and 290 cease and desist notices issued, with his total income from the post being $500.
Procurement efficiency jp
The document discusses measuring efficiency in international public procurement. It analyzes data on over 500 contracts that went through the World Bank's prior review process. On average, it takes 286 days to sign a contract from issuing the initial procurement notice, but there are outliers with much longer times. National competitive bidding contracts tend to take less time than international competitive bidding contracts. Contract value, country capacity and governance also influence time taken. However, current World Bank tracking systems cannot provide detailed data on time taken for individual procurement process steps, limiting analysis of delays. Improving data collection could help identify resources used, iterations and complexity to better diagnose delays.
10 Everyone Sees Everything, e-Procurement in Georgia_English
10 Everyone Sees Everything, e-Procurement in Georgia_EnglishSupport for Improvement in Governance and Management SIGMA
1) Georgia reformed its procurement system to increase transparency and competition by implementing a 100% electronic procurement system called Ge-GP.
2) Ge-GP increased transparency by allowing anyone to see tender information and question tenders in real-time. It also streamlined dispute resolution.
3) Studies found that Ge-GP saved over 600 million GEL in public funds and increased participation from over 21,000 registered users and 330 foreign bidders.Discretion and Public Procurement: a Complex Relationship
Discretion and Public Procurement: a Complex RelationshipStockholm Institute of Transition Economics
Honorary Lecture by Prof. Giancarlo Spagnolo at IMPPM Opening Ceremony, University of Rome Tor Vergata, March 1, 2016.
To read more research articles, please visit https://www.hhs.se/sitePresentation on public procurement review system in EU member states
Presentation on public procurement review system in EU member statesSupport for Improvement in Governance and Management SIGMA
The document discusses public procurement review systems in EU member states. It provides information on the bodies responsible for review, including that they must be independent and have powers to impose interim measures, set aside unlawful decisions, and award damages. It notes that EU states have flexibility in their review mechanisms. There is a variety of institutional setups, including ordinary courts, specialized review bodies, and administrative courts handling the review process. The document also gives examples of the review structure in several EU countries and Poland, including discussion of appeal processes, legal basis, and timelines for decision making.11 Public procurement policy in Republic of Moldova_English
11 Public procurement policy in Republic of Moldova_EnglishSupport for Improvement in Governance and Management SIGMA
The document discusses public procurement policy and system in the Republic of Moldova. It provides the following key points:
- The system is decentralized, with contracting authorities responsible for planning and executing contracts, while the Ministry of Finance coordinates policies.
- Several public institutions play roles in supervision: the Ministry of Finance develops policies; the Public Procurement Agency implements policies and registers contracts; the Financial Inspection ensures protection of public financial interests; and the Court of Accounts exercises external audit control.
- There is potential for conflict of interest as the Public Procurement Agency registers contracts and also examines disputes, though a new Complaints Settlement Agency is being established to handle disputes.
- Priorities for 2014 include capacity building,Understanding Procurement Management
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
Maharashtra State presentation at NHRC
The document provides historical and demographic information about Maharashtra, India. It discusses:
- Maharashtra is divided into 6 revenue divisions and 351 tehsils, with Mumbai as the capital.
- Nagpur is considered the geographic center of India. The name Maharashtra comes from "Maha" meaning great and "Rashtrika" meaning dynasty.
- It outlines the various empires and dynasties that ruled the region throughout history such as the Mouryan Empire, Satvahanas, Vakatak, Chalukya, and Rashtrakuta.
- In the 17th century, Alla-ud-din Khiljee first attacked the Deccan region and
4 bid management challenges
Here is a short presentation on the 4 main bid management challenges observed across industries & companies. Shipley has successfully addressed these issues for many small and large companies. We will be happy to assist you transition to a better win rate.
Public sector breakfast club, Exeter - July 2016
Lynne and Jen take you through some recent developments in case law affecting commercial contracts and procurement, dealing with:
• whether a written contract can in fact still be varied orally
• whether information held by a local authority should be subject to disclosure under a FOIA request
• the new test for penalty clauses
• the first case considering a challenge involving the NHS Procurement Regulations
• the first case resulting in the issue of an ineffectiveness order against a public contract in the UK.
https://www.brownejacobson.com/sectors-and-services/sectors/public-sector
Sbd procurement of goods 1 general
This document outlines bidding procedures for the procurement of goods by an international development bank. It specifies that the bidding process is for an international competitive bid to supply certain goods and services. It also describes funding sources, fraud and corruption policies, and eligibility requirements for bidders, goods, and related services involved in the procurement.
Presentation on public procurement and competition concern11
Public procurement involves government agencies obtaining goods, services, and technologies using public funds. It contributes 15-20% of GDP in India and is governed by rules like the General Financial Rules. Major areas of public procurement include defense, railways, health, and telecom which together account for around 50% of public procurement. The primary objective is to achieve value for money by procuring best goods and services at lowest cost. Common procurement mechanisms involve a tendering process with separate evaluation of technical and financial bids. Some examples of bid rigging in public procurement cases in India include companies submitting identical bids or dividing markets. Factors that can indicate bid rigging include identical pricing, last minute adjustments to bids, and suppliers meeting privately before submitting
The project manager's survival guide to bids, tenders and proposals, by david...
The project manager's survival guide to bids, tenders and proposals, by david...Association for Project Management
The project manager's survival guide to bids, tenders and proposals
presented by David Warley
Thursday 26th November 2015
APM Contracts and Procurement Specific Interest Group (SIG)large_scale_bid_management-jon_kelly.ppt
The document discusses key actions for managing large-scale bid campaigns. It recommends 1) calculating click value based on conversion probability and value, 2) rewarding user choices through market modeling, and 3) watching campaign data for insights. Metrics like location data, tail phrases, and homonyms can provide information to improve targeting and increase conversions. Scaling requires both automated processes and human intervention for tasks like account setup, design, and exception analysis.
Viewers also liked (20)
Omaxe commercial hub 79 faridabad Neharpar Plot Residential
Omaxe commercial hub 79 faridabad Neharpar Plot Residential
10 Everyone Sees Everything, e-Procurement in Georgia_English
10 Everyone Sees Everything, e-Procurement in Georgia_English
Discretion and Public Procurement: a Complex Relationship
Discretion and Public Procurement: a Complex Relationship
Presentation on public procurement review system in EU member states
Presentation on public procurement review system in EU member states
11 Public procurement policy in Republic of Moldova_English
11 Public procurement policy in Republic of Moldova_English
Presentation on public procurement and competition concern11
Presentation on public procurement and competition concern11
The project manager's survival guide to bids, tenders and proposals, by david...
The project manager's survival guide to bids, tenders and proposals, by david...
Similar to World Bank Guidelines and International Investment Law
3. IBF Chapter-3 FDI.ppt
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI). It defines FDI and discusses trends, directions, theories, and implications. Key points include:
- FDI occurs when a firm invests directly in facilities in another country, taking two forms: greenfield investments or acquisitions.
- Both global FDI flows and stocks have increased over the last 20 years, with Asia, China, and Latin America seeing more inflows.
- Firms prefer FDI over exporting or licensing when they want more control over operations and to protect proprietary knowledge.
- Benefits of FDI for host countries include capital investment and economic growth, while costs can include loss of sovereignty; home countries
Ifm challenges
This document discusses the challenges faced by international financial managers. It outlines the complex global financial system environment they must navigate, including fluctuating foreign exchange rates, varying interest rates between countries, and differing political and cultural factors. International financial managers must identify key economic variables affecting their firm, devise strategies to adapt to changes in these variables, learn from past mistakes, and seize new opportunities presented by the market in order to succeed amidst these challenges. A strong understanding of different country's microeconomic environments, cultures, and levels of technology and infrastructure is crucial.
International Capital Movement
This document is a project report submitted by Mr. Jiten H Menghani, a student at the University of Mumbai, for his M.Com degree. The report is about international capital movements and was guided by Prof. Mrs. Rachana Joshi. It includes an abstract, introduction, types of international capital movements such as foreign direct investment and portfolio investment, and factors influencing capital flows. It also discusses the role, impacts and drawbacks of foreign capital as well as capital flows to developing countries and India.
Oecd
This document summarizes restrictions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in OECD countries. It finds that while FDI restrictions were historically common, they have significantly declined since the 1980s in most OECD nations. Remaining restrictions are generally concentrated in service sectors like telecommunications and transportation. Specifically:
1) Overall FDI restrictions are now low in most OECD countries, though some like Canada, Japan, and Korea still maintain higher levels of barriers.
2) Restrictions predominantly involve limits on foreign ownership and screening/approval procedures, especially in non-manufacturing industries like telecommunications and transport.
3) Since 1980, there has been a steep decline in FDI restrictions across OECD countries as
Studying the paper: "Foreign Investment Strategies and Sub-national Instituti...
This slide is our team's preso for paper "Foreign Investment Strategies and Sub-national Institutions in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Viet Nam" of by Klaus E. Meyer and Hung Vo Nguyen (Journal of Management Studies 42:1 January 2005 0022-2380)
-------
I got a chance to attend Micro-Economics course at Fulbright School of Public Policy and Management - Fulbright University Viet Nam. A very interesting and useful teaching method of this class is that teachers require students to carefully digest content of research papers published on top social science journals then present to classmates about:
- Which micro-economic theories did authors use?
- What is research design? What are the research questions? How did they collect data? How did they analyse the data?
- What are team's criticism? If we can re-do the research, what would we change?
Thanks to this course, we learned variety of types of micro-economic analysis and understood some different research methodologies in different settings.
*This file became low-res when uploading on SlideShare :'(
FDI and FII
Meaning of FDI, FDI Forms, FDI policy, FDI hottest area, Meaning of FII, Difference between FDI & FII, Advantages & disadvantages of FDI & FII,
Reserve Bank of India RBI Jaipur Forex Workshop - FEMA at Bhilwara
Regional Director Dr Sathyan David Reserve Bank of India - RBI Jaipur and Team conduct First Time Ever workshop cum interactive session on ForEx Management at Bhilwara on 26 Aug 2013 in which Mewar Chamber of Commerce officials, Importers & Exporters, Charted Accountants & Company Secretaries, officials from Lead Banks, Vice Chancellor along with a team of MBA Faculty from Sangam University actively participated in the proceedings. Sri CD Srinivasan Chief General Manager from RBI Mumbai conducted the FEMA session including Derivatives with Clinical Precision. Ms Sunanda Batra from RBI Jaipur proposed vote of thanks and Sri ML Meena from RBI Jaipur anchored the proceedings.
Dharmendra fdi project
This project report summarizes a study on the impact of international business and foreign direct investment (FDI) on the Indian economy. It provides an introduction to the topic, definitions of key terms like FDI, and outlines the objectives, methodology, and conclusions of the research. The report finds that while India was previously a top destination for FDI, it has fallen in the rankings in recent years, though FDI still plays an important role in India's economic development.
B0362012020
- The document analyzes the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and gross domestic product (GDP) in India from 1990 to 2012.
- It finds a strong positive correlation (r=0.859) between FDI inflows and GDP over the period studied, indicating FDI causes growth of India's GDP to a large extent.
- The study also aims to determine the impact of FDI on per capita GDP in India and finds a strong positive correlation, supporting the hypothesis that there is a relationship between FDI inflows and increases in per capita GDP.
- In conclusion, the study recommends improving India's investment climate to strengthen its position in the globalized economy by enhancing competitiveness
FDI & FII Group 7 23-11-2010
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) in India. It begins with defining FDI and FII, then outlines the key differences between the two. The presentation reviews India's FDI policy evolution and liberalization over time. It also provides sector-specific FDI guidelines for various industries like telecommunications, aviation, broadcasting, print media, and insurance. The procedural aspects of investing under the automatic and approval routes are also summarized.
barbados-day1-presentation_blending.pptx
The document discusses EU blending frameworks for development projects. It begins by defining blending as the strategic use of grants to mobilize financing from partner financial institutions. It then outlines the goals and forms of EU blending, including direct investment grants, interest rate subsidies, and technical assistance grants. The document also details the EU blending facilities, project cycle, roles of different entities, application process, and responsibilities for decision making, contracting, and monitoring of blended projects.
MODULE 1.pptx
This document provides an overview of the Indian financial system and various financial markets. It discusses the key institutions that regulate different segments of the financial system, including the Reserve Bank of India, Securities and Exchange Board of India, National Housing Bank, Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India, Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority, and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development. It also describes the major components of the Indian financial system, including financial institutions, markets, instruments, and services. Finally, it outlines the major segments of the financial markets, including the money market, debt market, foreign exchange market, and mutual funds market.
Sustainable Development Goals and Development Impact Bonds
Development Impact Bonds (DIBs) are a new financing mechanism that ties funding to measurable social outcomes. Private investors provide upfront capital for social programs, which service providers implement. An independent evaluator measures the program's success. If the program achieves agreed-upon outcomes, outcome funders like donors repay investors based on results, otherwise investors may lose their capital. DIBs aim to improve social programs by focusing on results, transferring risk from the public to private sector, and attracting private funding for development. However, DIBs also face challenges like changing mindsets to see development as an investment, concerns about increasing bureaucracy, and ensuring proper risk management. Key lessons indicate initial investors will seek social returns, strong risk mit
Input for UNCTAD 2014 World Investment Report
This document discusses concerns about the sustainability and accountability of foreign investment by government-controlled entities like Sovereign Wealth Funds and State-Owned Enterprises. It notes that while such investment offers benefits, the lack of transparency and potential for political influence raises fears. There have been various attempts to regulate this investment through voluntary principles and ratings systems, but challenges remain around differing perceptions of sustainability standards between countries and lack of credibility in disclosures. Global uniform standards are ideal but difficult to achieve given resistance from some investors and harmonizing sustainability definitions across diverse nations.
Running Head FINC 420 International FinanceE.docx
Running Head: FINC 420 International Finance
Exchange Rate Forecasting
Each country is encouraging foreign investment due to their realization of the benefits associated to opening for the foreign investments. Foreign investments have enhanced the expansion of multiple business opportunities and many ventures are looking for foreign investors so that they are able to increase capital budgets and the technical expertise. This may also in turn enhance the management practices of such companies. The type of foreign investment that is most common is the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This is the act of investing capital in an enterprise that carries out its activities in another foreign country. The investment can be done by an individual a company or a group of companies. The investor is granted a control of 10% of the shares of the enterprise he invests into and they also enjoy a share of profits too. Due to the fact that the investor is a foreign party, different policies, regulations and governing factors are applied (Sornarajah, 2010). Both parties will enjoy some benefits and may still suffer some disadvantages in relation to various factors.
FD1 and exchange rates
One of the factors that that may influence the activity of FDI is the forecasting of the behavior of foreign exchange rates. Exchange rates can be defined as the price of a foreign currency in the domestic currency. They matter in their volatility and their levels. The foreign exchange rate influences the total foreign direct investment amounts to be allocated in different countries. When a currency loses its value, this means that its value decreases relatively to the other currencies value. We can use the FDI to forecast the foreign currency rate. For example, if the wages of a country and its production costs reduces this indicates a reduction in the value of tat countries exchange rate. This movement attracts foreign investors and the depreciation of the currency exchange rate improves the rate of return to foreign investors. The main disadvantage of this investment in forecasting the foreign exchange rate occurs in case of an offsetting increase in production costs and wages in a destination market for capital investment. Anticipating the movements of the exchange rate will also diminish the relative wage importance and resulting to a higher financing cost of the investment project.
FDI and Interest Parity
Interest rate parity has a major role in the foreign exchange markets. It connects the spot exchange rates, the foreign exchange rates and the interest rates. Forecasted exchange rates may reflect higher foreign financing costs since the conditions of the interest rate parity tend to equalize the risk adjusted forecasted rate of returns. FDI implications of the foreign exchange rates are relevant to the interest- parity caveat (Sornarajah, 2010). However there are some arguments against this relevance. Some experts argue that there is an imper ...
Regulators in india
This document provides information about the regulatory framework for foreign direct investment (FDI) and foreign institutional investment (FII) in India. It discusses the history and liberalization of FDI policies in India. It outlines the sectors that allow FDI and the caps on foreign ownership. It also discusses the legal basis and procedures for FDI approval. For FIIs, it defines what an FII is, the eligible entities, and the registration process with SEBI.
Article Review Fdi
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) and multinational corporations. It examines the article "FDI and Multinationals: Patterns, Impacts and Policies" by A.T. Tavares and S. Young. The document summarizes key points from the article, including the main drivers for firms to engage in FDI, such as accessing new markets or resources. It also classifies FDI based on factors like ownership structure and firm motives. The impacts of FDI from the perspective of host and home countries are outlined, noting concerns about national welfare as well as potential benefits from technology transfer and competitive pressures spurring efficiency.
Effect of ODA in infrastructure in attracting DFI inflows in Viet Nam
ODA in infrastructure has a positive impact on attracting FDI inflows to Vietnam. The study uses a two-stage least squares regression model and fixed effects model to examine the relationship between ODA disbursements in infrastructure from 2002-2004 and FDI commitments in Vietnam at the provincial level. The regression results show that ODA in infrastructure, the lag of ODA, and the interaction of ODA with secondary school enrollment all have a statistically significant positive impact on FDI inflows. This implies that ODA in infrastructure helps improve the investment environment and human capital development, making locations more attractive for foreign investors.
Fdi and fpi
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI and describes the different types including horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate investments. It outlines the FDI policy in India, including the sectors that allow 100% FDI through the automatic route versus those that require government approval. The document discusses the advantages and disadvantages of FDI for host countries. It also summarizes the major reforms to India's FDI policy since the 1990s that have liberalized and encouraged more foreign investment.
Similar to World Bank Guidelines and International Investment Law (20)
Studying the paper: "Foreign Investment Strategies and Sub-national Instituti...
Studying the paper: "Foreign Investment Strategies and Sub-national Instituti...
Reserve Bank of India RBI Jaipur Forex Workshop - FEMA at Bhilwara
Reserve Bank of India RBI Jaipur Forex Workshop - FEMA at Bhilwara
International Capital Movements macroeconomics.pptx
International Capital Movements macroeconomics.pptx
Sustainable Development Goals and Development Impact Bonds
Sustainable Development Goals and Development Impact Bonds
Effect of ODA in infrastructure in attracting DFI inflows in Viet Nam
Effect of ODA in infrastructure in attracting DFI inflows in Viet Nam
Recently uploaded
Capital Punishment by Saif Javed (LLM)ppt.pptx
This PowerPoint presentation, titled "Capital Punishment in India: Constitutionality and Rarest of Rare Principle," is a comprehensive exploration of the death penalty within the Indian criminal justice system. Authored by Saif Javed, an LL.M student specializing in Criminal Law and Criminology at Kazi Nazrul University, the presentation delves into the constitutional aspects and ethical debates surrounding capital punishment. It examines key legal provisions, significant case laws, and the specific categories of offenders excluded from the death penalty. The presentation also discusses recent recommendations by the Law Commission of India regarding the gradual abolishment of capital punishment, except for terrorism-related offenses. This detailed analysis aims to foster informed discussions on the future of the death penalty in India.
Genocide in International Criminal Law.pptx
Excited to share insights from my recent presentation on genocide! 💡 In light of ongoing debates, it's crucial to delve into the nuances of this grave crime.
一比一原版英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理英国伦敦商学院毕业证（lbs毕业证书）【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Pim Betist's presentation about generative AI in the legal sector at Lexpo.com '24
一比一原版(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(trent毕业证书)加拿大特伦特大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations Demystified
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations DemystifiedPROF. PAUL ALLIEU KAMARA
To ensure the integrity of financial systems and combat illicit financial activities, understanding AML (Anti-Money Laundering) compliance regulations is crucial for financial institutions and businesses. AML compliance regulations are designed to prevent money laundering and the financing of terrorist activities by imposing specific requirements on financial institutions, including customer due diligence, monitoring, and reporting of suspicious activities (GitHub Docs).一比一原版(ual毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(ual毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(ual毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(ual毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(ual毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(ual毕业证书)伦敦艺术大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理林肯大学毕业证（lincoln毕业证）【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(Lincoln毕业证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证如何办理
Lincoln硕士毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】办理新西兰林肯大学毕业证原版一模一样、Lincoln毕业证制作【Q微信95270640】《新西兰林肯大学毕业证购买流程》《Lincoln成绩单制作》新西兰林肯大学毕业证书Lincoln毕业证文凭新西兰林肯大学
本科毕业证书,学历学位认证如何办理【留学国外学位学历认证、毕业证、成绩单、大学Offer、雅思托福代考、语言证书、学生卡、高仿教育部认证等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务】代办国外（海外）英国、加拿大、美国、新西兰、澳大利亚、新西兰等国外各大学毕业证、文凭学历证书、成绩单、学历学位认证真实可查。
[留学文凭学历认证(留信认证使馆认证)新西兰林肯大学毕业证成绩单毕业证证书大学Offer请假条成绩单语言证书国际回国人员证明高仿教育部认证申请学校等一切高仿或者真实可查认证服务。
多年留学服务公司,拥有海外样板无数能完美1:1还原海外各国大学degreeDiplomaTranscripts等毕业材料。海外大学毕业材料都有哪些工艺呢？工艺难度主要由：烫金.钢印.底纹.水印.防伪光标.热敏防伪等等组成。而且我们每天都在更新海外文凭的样板以求所有同学都能享受到完美的品质服务。
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理方法：
1客户提供办理新西兰林肯大学新西兰林肯大学毕业证学位证信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）
— — — — 我们是挂科和未毕业同学们的福音我们是实体公司精益求精的工艺！ — — — -
一真实留信认证的作用(私企外企荣誉的见证):
1：该专业认证可证明留学生真实留学身份同时对留学生所学专业等级给予评定。
2：国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书这个入网证书并且可以归档到地方。
3：凡是获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内将在公安部网内查询个人身份证信息后同步读取人才网入库信息。
4：个人职称评审加20分个人信誉贷款加10分。
5：在国家人才网主办的全国网络招聘大会中纳入资料供国家500强等高端企业选择人才。问山娃想买什么想吃什么山娃知道父亲赚钱很辛苦除了书籍和文具山娃啥也不要能牵着父亲的手满城闲逛他已心满意足了父亲连挑了三套童装叫山娃试穿山娃有点不想父亲说城里不比乡下要穿得漂漂亮亮爸怎么不穿得漂亮望着父亲山娃反问道父亲听了并不回答只是吃吃地笑山娃很精神越逛越起劲父亲却越逛越疲倦望着父亲呵欠连天的样子山娃也说困了累了回家吧小屋闷罐一般头顶上的三叶扇彻夜呜呜作响搅得满屋热气腾腾也搅得山娃心烦意乱父亲一的
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
सुप्रीम कोर्ट ने यह भी माना था कि मजिस्ट्रेट का यह कर्तव्य है कि वह सुनिश्चित करे कि अधिकारी पीएमएलए के तहत निर्धारित प्रक्रिया के साथ-साथ संवैधानिक सुरक्षा उपायों का भी उचित रूप से पालन करें।
THE CONCEPT OF RIGHT TO DEFAULT BAIL.pptx
The presentation deals with the concept of Right to Default Bail laid down under Section 167 of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 and Section 187 of Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita 2023.
一比一原版新加坡南洋理工大学毕业证(本硕）ntu学位证书如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【新加坡南洋理工大学毕业证(本硕）ntu学位证书成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理新加坡南洋理工大学毕业证(本硕）ntu学位证书【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理新加坡南洋理工大学毕业证(本硕）ntu学位证书【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理新加坡南洋理工大学毕业证(本硕）ntu学位证书【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理新加坡南洋理工大学毕业证(本硕）ntu学位证书【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Business Laws Sunita saha
Business law for the students of undergraduate level. The presentation contains the summary of all the chapters under the syllabus of State University, Contract Act, Sale of Goods Act, Negotiable Instrument Act, Partnership Act, Limited Liability Act, Consumer Protection Act.
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
The immediate step is an intelligent choice; don’t procrastinate. In the aftermath of the crash, taking care of yourself and taking quick steps can help you protect yourself from significant injuries. Make sure that you have collected the essential data and information.
快速办理(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(SCU毕业证书)澳洲南十字星大学毕业证文凭证书》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Corporate Governance : Scope and Legal Framework
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
MEANING
Corporate Governance refers to the way in which companies are governed and to what purpose. It identifies who has power and accountability, and who makes decisions. It is, in essence, a toolkit that enables management and the board to deal more effectively with the challenges of running a company.
一比一原版新加坡国立大学毕业证(本硕）nus学位证书如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【新加坡国立大学毕业证(本硕）nus学位证书成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理新加坡国立大学毕业证(本硕）nus学位证书【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理新加坡国立大学毕业证(本硕）nus学位证书【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理新加坡国立大学毕业证(本硕）nus学位证书【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理新加坡国立大学毕业证(本硕）nus学位证书【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(uwlc毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uwlc毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uwlc毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uwlc毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uwlc毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uwlc毕业证书)美国威斯康星大学拉克罗斯分校毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
一比一原版(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(ua毕业证书)加拿大阿尔伯塔大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Recently uploaded (20)
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
From Promise to Practice. Implementing AI in Legal Environments
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations Demystified
Safeguarding Against Financial Crime: AML Compliance Regulations Demystified
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
V.-SENTHIL-BALAJI-SLP-C-8939-8940-2023-SC-Judgment-07-August-2023.pdf
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
Pedal to the Court Understanding Your Rights after a Cycling Collision.pdf
World Bank Guidelines and International Investment Law
- 1. Sourabh Vasant Ubale (LL.M. International Law- IInd year, Department of Law, University of Pune) (2012-14)
- 2. IS IT TRUE…??? Let us find its various aspects…
- 3. INTRODUCTION - An Important Issue - Economic Growth - 2 Views
- 4. FOREIGN INVESTMENT Kinds Private Direct Investment Portfolio Investment Ways for FDI Joint Venture Merger & Acquisition Transplant Role of FI
- 5. FOREIGN INVESTMENT Limitations High Profit area Countries subject to Conditions/ restrictions Affecting Balance of Payment
- 7. GUIDELINES EVOLUTION • Request by a Joint Ministerial Committee of the Development Committee of the Board of Governors of the IMF & the World Bank (1991) • Codifies existing practices • Aim at progressive development of the law • Objective of promoting foreign investment
- 8. GUIDELINES MAIN ISSUES 1. The entry of the investment 2. The subsequent treatment of the investment 3. The protection of foreign investment (expropriation) 4. Dispute settlement processes
- 9. GUIDELINES Guidelines Scope of Application Admission Treatment Expropriation and Unilateral Alterations or Termination of Contracts Settlement of Disputes
- 10. GUIDELINES SIGNIFICANCE Scope of Application Admission Treatment Expropriation and Unilateral Alterations or Termination of Contracts Settlement of Disputes
- 12. Ethiopian Prime Minister Meles Zenawi is depicted as a shady back-alley dealer, putting Ethiopia up for sale
- 14. The social object of skilled investment should be to defeat the dark forces of time and ignorance which envelope our future - John Maynard Keynes