"Students will work in teams of 3 to 4 members and lead the discussion of the readings and additional materials about one of the racial/ethnic groups covered in the course or another topic approved by the instructor. This will involve presenting a summary of the readings about assessment and treatment issues for the selected group. Disparities in mental health services for the group should also be reviewed along with solutions for resolving them. If another topic is selected, the team will be responsible for summarizing the literature on the topic. Students are encouraged to create a PowerPoint presentation on their topic and provide handouts to the class." Class Syllabus from Dr. Vida Dyson
Today's U.S. Latino population is growing, dynamic and evolving, reflecting a new American reality. Latino culture and family dynamics impact healthcare decisions and behaviors. Recognizing that Latinos are not a homogeneous group, experts from media, academic research and public health promotion will share insights, tips and tools in this timely webinar for closing the cultural communication gap with this diverse population.
After this session, participants will be able to:
- Identify diversity among Latino populations and take appropriate steps to build a communication ecology relative to that diversity
- List at least two healthcare myths about Latinos
- Describe the role that media, community and family influences play in healthcare decisions
- Describe how to reach Latinos more effectively through culturally relevant communication and outreach
Speakers:
Sonya Suarez-Hammond, Senior Director of Strategy & Insights/Healthcare at Univision Communications
Dr. Holley Wilkin, Professor and affiliated faculty of the department of Partnership for Urban Health Research at Georgia State University
Dr. Carmen Gonzalez, Postdoctoral Scholar at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California.
Moderator: Nancy Murphy, Executive Vice President, Metropolitan Group.
This presentation was from the fifth session in the CALPACT sponsored Health Communication Matters Webinar Series, which will help participants in all walks of public health to apply health literacy principles to their everyday communications.
Please visit here to listen to the audio recording of the webinar:
http://cc.readytalk.com/play?id=2peynd
Visit these links for the other resources related to this webinar:
Resources:
http://www.slideshare.net/SPHCalpact/putting-culture-into-context-resources
Health Literacy Undervalued by Public Health? A tool for public health professionals:
http://www.slideshare.net/SPHCalpact/calpact-training-health-literacy-undervalued-by-public-health-training-tool
Follow Us on Twitter: @CALPACT
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/CALPACTUCB
Website: www.calpact.org
Questions?
Email sphcalpact@berkeley.edu
Group work with Gay,Lesbian and BisexualZaeem Jifri
Counseling gays, lesbian and bisexuals is like counseling other culturally different populations in that practitioners require culture-specific preparation.
As a social worker and as a human being we must make an effort to accurately understand the values, lifestyles, and cultural norms of gays, lesbians and bisexuals.
Running head CULTURALLY RELEVANT RESEARCH APPROACHES1CULTURALL.docxlillie234567
Running head: CULTURALLY RELEVANT RESEARCH APPROACHES 1
CULTURALLY RELEVANT RESEARCH APPROACHES 2
Culturally Relevant Research Approaches
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Culturally Relevant Research Approaches
An analysis and a description of traditional research, addressing the question of its cultural relevance.
Traditional research is described as research done by individuals outside a specific organization. This research is aimed at offering some generalized truth on the investigated question. The basis of this research is a hypothesis where various variables are handled by a researcher in order to ascertain a particular research question through manipulation. This research is assessed from two perspectives; qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research is the analysis of data obtained through interviews, journals and observations, while quantitative involves data that is numeric. Cultural relevance tends to be critical when the human population is involved. In traditional research, quantitative research does not cater to the cultural factors of the population being researched as qualitative research does. Under the group, I am analysis that is Asian Americans. Their data were collected from interviews and observing their way of living. Understanding their culture as social workers will limit bias when handling individuals from different cultures.
An analysis and a description of what comprises culturally relevant research.
Cultural relevance is significant to social workers because it allows them to maneuver through various multicultural situations whereby they must serve clients from different backgrounds and cultures without offence or bias. Cultural relevance involves social workers working on cases to approach each case in a way that is respectful to cultural differences while showing appreciation for diversity. Therefore, research needs to be culturally relevant. This means that the research conducted should take into consideration the social, cultural and linguistic needs of the population in question. By taking into consideration these aspects, the research will gather more information and will take a shorter period.
An analysis and a description of at least three research studies that have addressed the cultural group you are exploring.
In the United States, Asian Americans are among the fastest-growing ethnic groups. In the census conducted in 2010 in the US, based on Davidson & Smith (2015), the Asian American population was over seventeen million individuals, which translates to over five percent of the population. In terms of ethnic composition, the population has the most diverse composition. Below are three studies that focus on the issues that affect this population.
Research conducted by Cheng (2015) offered a detailed analysis of the stigma levels that affected Asian Americans in terms of social and biological explanations. The population group compared was European Americans. Based on this research, th.
Today's U.S. Latino population is growing, dynamic and evolving, reflecting a new American reality. Latino culture and family dynamics impact healthcare decisions and behaviors. Recognizing that Latinos are not a homogeneous group, experts from media, academic research and public health promotion will share insights, tips and tools in this timely webinar for closing the cultural communication gap with this diverse population.
After this session, participants will be able to:
- Identify diversity among Latino populations and take appropriate steps to build a communication ecology relative to that diversity
- List at least two healthcare myths about Latinos
- Describe the role that media, community and family influences play in healthcare decisions
- Describe how to reach Latinos more effectively through culturally relevant communication and outreach
Speakers:
Sonya Suarez-Hammond, Senior Director of Strategy & Insights/Healthcare at Univision Communications
Dr. Holley Wilkin, Professor and affiliated faculty of the department of Partnership for Urban Health Research at Georgia State University
Dr. Carmen Gonzalez, Postdoctoral Scholar at the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California.
Moderator: Nancy Murphy, Executive Vice President, Metropolitan Group.
This presentation was from the fifth session in the CALPACT sponsored Health Communication Matters Webinar Series, which will help participants in all walks of public health to apply health literacy principles to their everyday communications.
Please visit here to listen to the audio recording of the webinar:
http://cc.readytalk.com/play?id=2peynd
Visit these links for the other resources related to this webinar:
Resources:
http://www.slideshare.net/SPHCalpact/putting-culture-into-context-resources
Health Literacy Undervalued by Public Health? A tool for public health professionals:
http://www.slideshare.net/SPHCalpact/calpact-training-health-literacy-undervalued-by-public-health-training-tool
Follow Us on Twitter: @CALPACT
Facebook: http://www.facebook.com/CALPACTUCB
Website: www.calpact.org
Questions?
Email sphcalpact@berkeley.edu
Group work with Gay,Lesbian and BisexualZaeem Jifri
Counseling gays, lesbian and bisexuals is like counseling other culturally different populations in that practitioners require culture-specific preparation.
As a social worker and as a human being we must make an effort to accurately understand the values, lifestyles, and cultural norms of gays, lesbians and bisexuals.
Running head CULTURALLY RELEVANT RESEARCH APPROACHES1CULTURALL.docxlillie234567
Running head: CULTURALLY RELEVANT RESEARCH APPROACHES 1
CULTURALLY RELEVANT RESEARCH APPROACHES 2
Culturally Relevant Research Approaches
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Culturally Relevant Research Approaches
An analysis and a description of traditional research, addressing the question of its cultural relevance.
Traditional research is described as research done by individuals outside a specific organization. This research is aimed at offering some generalized truth on the investigated question. The basis of this research is a hypothesis where various variables are handled by a researcher in order to ascertain a particular research question through manipulation. This research is assessed from two perspectives; qualitative and quantitative. Qualitative research is the analysis of data obtained through interviews, journals and observations, while quantitative involves data that is numeric. Cultural relevance tends to be critical when the human population is involved. In traditional research, quantitative research does not cater to the cultural factors of the population being researched as qualitative research does. Under the group, I am analysis that is Asian Americans. Their data were collected from interviews and observing their way of living. Understanding their culture as social workers will limit bias when handling individuals from different cultures.
An analysis and a description of what comprises culturally relevant research.
Cultural relevance is significant to social workers because it allows them to maneuver through various multicultural situations whereby they must serve clients from different backgrounds and cultures without offence or bias. Cultural relevance involves social workers working on cases to approach each case in a way that is respectful to cultural differences while showing appreciation for diversity. Therefore, research needs to be culturally relevant. This means that the research conducted should take into consideration the social, cultural and linguistic needs of the population in question. By taking into consideration these aspects, the research will gather more information and will take a shorter period.
An analysis and a description of at least three research studies that have addressed the cultural group you are exploring.
In the United States, Asian Americans are among the fastest-growing ethnic groups. In the census conducted in 2010 in the US, based on Davidson & Smith (2015), the Asian American population was over seventeen million individuals, which translates to over five percent of the population. In terms of ethnic composition, the population has the most diverse composition. Below are three studies that focus on the issues that affect this population.
Research conducted by Cheng (2015) offered a detailed analysis of the stigma levels that affected Asian Americans in terms of social and biological explanations. The population group compared was European Americans. Based on this research, th.
Listen to the presentation for FREE on the Counselor Toolbox podcast or watch the video on our youtube channel https://youtube.com/allceuseducation.
Sign up for Counseling CEU webinars at https://www.allceus.com/live-interactive-webinars/
MACBETH Act I Concept Review Slideshow As a review of .docxwkyra78
MACBETH Act I Concept Review Slideshow
As a review of Act I, you will, with a partner--if you choose, create a Google slideshow of key
concepts. This is a test grade (40pts).
Must be 14 slides: use slide title typed here in bold
Slide 1: Title (underlined or italicized) and Author slide
● Add your name (and partner’s name if applicable) to the bottom right part of the slide
Slide 2: Weather/natural order
● Why and how was weather/nature important to the Elizabethan audience? (See p 300 in
the textbook along with the site from yesterday)
Slide 3: One Example of weather/nature references (include line numbers)
● Comment: what did this example add to the play?
Slide 4: Theme: One of the themes is “Things are not what they seem.” (ID it on the slide)
● Then provide an example of the theme based on an event or character,
● Use actual wording from the play (include line numbers)
Slide 5: External Conflict: Provide an example
● Use lines from the play (include line numbers)
● Comment about that conflict
Slide 6: Internal Conflict: Provide an example
● Use lines from the play (include line numbers)
● Comment about that conflict
Slide 7: Literary Aside
● Define it
Slide 8: an example of a Literary Aside
● Use actual wording
● Comment: What/why was the secret?
Slide 9: Soliloquy
● Define it
Slide 10: An example of a Soliloquy
● Use wording from the play (include line numbers)
● Provide the first 2 lines of it.
● Comment: What’s the secret desire or hidden fear?
Slide 11: Another example of a Soliloquy
● Use wording from the play (include line numbers) Provide the first 2 lines of it.
● Comment: What’s the secret desire or hidden fear?
Slide 12: Lady Macbeth: an important quote by/about her (actual wording)
● Comment about its relevance and importance to this character (include line numbers)
Slide 13: Macbeth: an important quote by/about him (actual wording)
● Comment about its relevance and importance to this character (include line numbers)
Slide 14: End slide (so that everyone knows it’s done)
● Show an image that symbolizes something important from Act I (not a picture of an
actor)
👉 Add illustrations, color, etc - as long as I can READ it.. NO GIFs!!!!
This is a test grade. 40 points
Mental Health 1
MENTAL HEALTH
Name
Course
Professor
Institution
City/State
Date
PART 1
Impact of Culture on Mental Health Approaches
Mental health problems are a pressing issue in public health in America and across the world. Approximately 20% of Americans experience a form of mental illness in any given years. This staggering number is attributed upon the fact that there are many various mental illnesses that can affect the psychological wellbeing of an individual. Even when narrowed down to serious mental conditions, a.
MACBETH Act I Concept Review Slideshow As a review of .docxinfantsuk
MACBETH Act I Concept Review Slideshow
As a review of Act I, you will, with a partner--if you choose, create a Google slideshow of key
concepts. This is a test grade (40pts).
Must be 14 slides: use slide title typed here in bold
Slide 1: Title (underlined or italicized) and Author slide
● Add your name (and partner’s name if applicable) to the bottom right part of the slide
Slide 2: Weather/natural order
● Why and how was weather/nature important to the Elizabethan audience? (See p 300 in
the textbook along with the site from yesterday)
Slide 3: One Example of weather/nature references (include line numbers)
● Comment: what did this example add to the play?
Slide 4: Theme: One of the themes is “Things are not what they seem.” (ID it on the slide)
● Then provide an example of the theme based on an event or character,
● Use actual wording from the play (include line numbers)
Slide 5: External Conflict: Provide an example
● Use lines from the play (include line numbers)
● Comment about that conflict
Slide 6: Internal Conflict: Provide an example
● Use lines from the play (include line numbers)
● Comment about that conflict
Slide 7: Literary Aside
● Define it
Slide 8: an example of a Literary Aside
● Use actual wording
● Comment: What/why was the secret?
Slide 9: Soliloquy
● Define it
Slide 10: An example of a Soliloquy
● Use wording from the play (include line numbers)
● Provide the first 2 lines of it.
● Comment: What’s the secret desire or hidden fear?
Slide 11: Another example of a Soliloquy
● Use wording from the play (include line numbers) Provide the first 2 lines of it.
● Comment: What’s the secret desire or hidden fear?
Slide 12: Lady Macbeth: an important quote by/about her (actual wording)
● Comment about its relevance and importance to this character (include line numbers)
Slide 13: Macbeth: an important quote by/about him (actual wording)
● Comment about its relevance and importance to this character (include line numbers)
Slide 14: End slide (so that everyone knows it’s done)
● Show an image that symbolizes something important from Act I (not a picture of an
actor)
👉 Add illustrations, color, etc - as long as I can READ it.. NO GIFs!!!!
This is a test grade. 40 points
Mental Health 1
MENTAL HEALTH
Name
Course
Professor
Institution
City/State
Date
PART 1
Impact of Culture on Mental Health Approaches
Mental health problems are a pressing issue in public health in America and across the world. Approximately 20% of Americans experience a form of mental illness in any given years. This staggering number is attributed upon the fact that there are many various mental illnesses that can affect the psychological wellbeing of an individual. Even when narrowed down to serious mental conditions, a ..
(1) citation reference 150 words CultureHmong CultureC.docxmadlynplamondon
(1) citation reference 150 words
Culture
Hmong Culture
Considerations
In beginning the interview, a consideration to remember is that eye contact is considered rude to Hmong People and that tone of voice and body language are very important; taking too loudly, placing too much emphasis on words, or talking excessively with hands and arm movements can result in noncompliance (Carteret, 2012). As this patient is young and assumed to be mainstream with Western culture, she will likely be understanding and forgiving of eye contact, tone, and body language but interactions with older family members will require care.
Gender of the nurse might play a role in some assessments, it is important to ask if a male nurse has permission to touch the abdomen or auscultate the lungs, heart, or abdomen. Questions pertaining to sex should be private and held with a nurse who is the same gender as the patient, it is of note that questions or examinations regarding sexual health can be misinterpreted as judgment of promiscuity, resulting in refusal, so sex must be addressed with much explanation and rationale without judgment (Carteret, 2012). As infection can be related to sex or sexual contact, this should be addressed with this patient.
The patient’s language preference for the interview is also important. The patient is a young adult and in college, however, her preference might be Hmong, or the language typically spoken at home. Another consideration is, does the patient want anyone else present for her interview/assessment? Hmong People have a family structure that is patriarchal, meaning, the father generally very involved in decision making and can, ultimately have the final say on a topic or treatment; the mother is caregiver and may wish to be present to help take care of the patient. Hmong Elders also play a large role in decision making, with a Grandfather that might want to talk directly with the doctor and make decisions over the wishes of the patient or patient’s father (Carteret, 2012).
Hmong Culture has roots in animism, which is the belief that objects, places, animals, people, etc. all have spirits and bodies that maintain a natural balance (Duffy, J., Harmon, R., Ranard, D.A., Thao, B., & Yang, K. (2004). The fever in this patient could be related to an imbalance in her spirit, an inhabitation by another sprit that is making her ill, disapproval of recent behavior by dead ancestors, or a curse (Carteret, 2012). The family might elect to have a religious healer, or Shaman visit to perform holistic medicine on the patient, some of this medicine might cause burns or pinch marks with coining or skin pinching being common practices for illness (Khuu, Yee, & Zhou, 2017). An understanding of Western medicine might not be present, the patient or family may ask for dosages of antibiotics for infection or acetaminophen of fever to be increase or decrease based on how they feel; it is important to explain that medications are dosed on scientifi.
Chapter 4Culture Competency and CEOD Process Immigrant Popula.docxrobertad6
Chapter 4
Culture Competency and CEOD Process: Immigrant Populations, Health Care, Public Health, and Community
Defining and Exploring Culture
A group or community with whom one shares common experiences that shape the way they understand the world
Can include groups:
Born into
Gender
Race
National origin
Class
Religion
Moved into
Moving into a new community
Change in economic status
Change in health status
Four Concepts Associate With Culture:
Cultural knowledge / the knowledge of cultural characteristics, history, values, beliefs and behaviors of another ethnic or cultural group
Cultural awareness / being open to the idea of changing cultural attitudes
Cultural sensitivity / knowing that differences exist between cultures, but not assigning values to the differences
Cultural competence / having the capacity to bring into its systems different behaviors, attitudes and policies and work effectively in cross-cultural settings to produce better outcomes
Learning Culture
Be more aware of your own culture
What is your culture?
Do you have more than one culture?
What is your cultural background?
Learn about other’s culture
Make s conscious decision to establish friendships with people from other cultures
Put yourself in situations where you will meet people of other cultures
Examine your biases about people from other cultures
Ask questions about the cultures, customs and views
Read about other people’s cultures and histories
Listen and show caring
Observe differences in communication styles and values; don’t assume that the majority’s way is the right way
Risk making mistakes
Learn to be an ally
Understanding Culture for Community Engagement, Organization and Development (CEOD)
U.S. communities are becoming more diverse
Racial profiling & stereotyping will be key discussion points when engaging and developing communities in public health practice and may be harmful because they can impede communication, engagement and development
Racial profiling / a law enforcement practice of scrutinizing certain individuals based on characteristics thought to indicate a likelihood of criminal behavior
Stereotyping / a fixed, over generalized belief about a particular group or class of people (Cardwell, 1996)
CEOD and Cultures of the Future
Questions to help engage, organize and develop a healthy community of the future:
If you could have your ideal community right now what would it look like?
If you can’t have your ideal community right now, what will be the next steps in building the kind of cultural community you desire?
Who lives in the community right now?
What kinds of diversity already exist?
How will diversity be approached in your community?
What kinds of relationships are established between cultural groups?
Are the different cultural groups well organized?
What kind of struggles between cultural groups exists?
What kind of struggles within cultural groups exists?
Are these struggles openly recognized and ta.
1. According to your textbook, Contrary to a popular misconcept.docxcorbing9ttj
1.
According to your textbook, “Contrary to a popular misconception in the West, homosexuality is not universally stigmatized. Based on the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample of 186 societies, Crapo (1995) found that only 31% of people stigmatized homosexual behavior, while the remainder either considered homosexual experimentation to be a normal developmental phase of preadult life (38%), accepted committed adult same-sex relationships as an alternative form of marriage (18%), or even required same-sex relationships among all males during a period that preceded their being permitted to marry heterosexually (12%)” (Crapo, 2013, p.161).
In America, the historical stigmatization of homosexuality is a product of (Points : 1)
enculturation.
cultural relativism.
minimalism.
universal moral values.
Question 2.
2.
Which of the following is an example of an
etic
statement about Americans? (Points : 1)
July 4th is a federal holiday, and I enjoy having the day off from work. I usually spend time with my family and hang out at the pool.
The Fourth of July is the day we adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring our independence from the British in 1776. This had a huge impact on the entire course of history, leading to the Revolutionary War and the creation of the best country in the world, the United States of America.
The fireworks displays are my favorite part of the Fourth of July. I also march in the local parade.
Americans celebrate the 4th of July as the day they declared independence from colonial powers in 1776. Food is often cooked outside on grills, even though most houses have electric ovens inside. It is very hot outside in the middle of summer, and although many people have electronic cooling devices called air conditioners within their homes, much of the day is spent outside. At night, explosives are set off in community gatherings to celebrate this holiday. Remarkably, very few people are hurt during these displays.
Question 3.
3.
Which of the following is an example of an
etic
description of teen pregnancy in America? (Points : 1)
One of my friends in high school got pregnant in her sophomore year. She and the father decided to keep the baby, got married and just celebrated their 10
th
anniversary. They both finished college and have good jobs now. It just goes to show that people can overcome teen pregnancy and become successful parents.
Although popular opinion sometimes indicates otherwise, according to a statistical analysis from the US Department of Health and Services (2014), teen pregnancy rates have been steadily declining for the past twenty years. In America, most teenagers are not yet fully independent from their parents, as teenagers in other cultures sometimes are, so they are not ready to become parents. Since this issue has a huge impact on young women and men affected by it, this may account for the disparity between popular opinion.
. According to your textbook, Contrary to a popular misconception.docxmadlynplamondon
.
According to your textbook, “Contrary to a popular misconception in the West, homosexuality is not universally stigmatized. Based on the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample of 186 societies, Crapo (1995) found that only 31% of people stigmatized homosexual behavior, while the remainder either considered homosexual experimentation to be a normal developmental phase of preadult life (38%), accepted committed adult same-sex relationships as an alternative form of marriage (18%), or even required same-sex relationships among all males during a period that preceded their being permitted to marry heterosexually (12%)” (Crapo, 2013, p.161).
In America, the historical stigmatization of homosexuality is a product of (Points : 1)
enculturation.
cultural relativism.
minimalism.
universal moral values.
Question 2.
2.
Which of the following is an example of an
etic
statement about Americans? (Points : 1)
July 4th is a federal holiday, and I enjoy having the day off from work. I usually spend time with my family and hang out at the pool.
The Fourth of July is the day we adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring our independence from the British in 1776. This had a huge impact on the entire course of history, leading to the Revolutionary War and the creation of the best country in the world, the United States of America.
The fireworks displays are my favorite part of the Fourth of July. I also march in the local parade.
Americans celebrate the 4th of July as the day they declared independence from colonial powers in 1776. Food is often cooked outside on grills, even though most houses have electric ovens inside. It is very hot outside in the middle of summer, and although many people have electronic cooling devices called air conditioners within their homes, much of the day is spent outside. At night, explosives are set off in community gatherings to celebrate this holiday. Remarkably, very few people are hurt during these displays.
Question 3.
3.
Which of the following is an example of an
etic
description of teen pregnancy in America? (Points : 1)
One of my friends in high school got pregnant in her sophomore year. She and the father decided to keep the baby, got married and just celebrated their 10thanniversary. They both finished college and have good jobs now. It just goes to show that people can overcome teen pregnancy and become successful parents.
Although popular opinion sometimes indicates otherwise, according to a statistical analysis from the US Department of Health and Services (2014), teen pregnancy rates have been steadily declining for the past twenty years. In America, most teenagers are not yet fully independent from their parents, as teenagers in other cultures sometimes are, so they are not ready to become parents. Since this issue has a huge impact on young women and men affected by it, this may account for the disparity between popular opinion and.
Similar to Working with Native Americans 11.13.12 (20)
When people think of the word “vibrator” they think of women masturbating. Well, this is a relatively new concept considering women were forbidden to touch themselves down there until nearly a quarter into the 20th century, leaving generations of women before them all hot and bothered. Religious officials and medical doctors (all men btw) called this phenomenon “hysteria,” and they believed that prescribing sex through marriage was the cure all. But when the husbands didn’t know much about pleasuring their wives, women then lined up at doctor’s offices for the next best (and lucrative) cure: medical procedures involving hand massages of their lady parts. The goal? To reach a “hysterical paroxysm,” or a good old-fashioned orgasm to bring her some sweet, sweet relief. Since doctors and handmaidens were growing tired of manually stimulating their repeat customers, the medical vibrator was soon invented for convenience, and suddenly cases of hysteria dropped dramatically (surprise, surprise). Vibrators eventually became the fifth home appliance to be electrified in the late 19th century, thereby changing women’s lives (and their orgasms) ever since.
Presented at Nerd Nite in Ann Arbor, MI (7.20.2017)
Research found that a lack of comprehensive sexual education in schools creates an increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases and unintended teenage pregnancy. The lack of access to sexual health resources not only raises the likelihood of young teenage parents to discontinue high school, but also multiplies the chances of abuse and neglect, and the possibilities of entering into the welfare system. The Illinois Caucus for Adolescent Health (ICAH) is an advocate for the Personal Responsibility Education Program (PREP) in Illinois, which implements comprehensive sexual health education curricula in school-based settings. Certified health education specialists facilitated ICAH’s skills-based training program that recruited educators and youth service providers from 29 school districts in Illinois. Selected for the trainings were counties that have statistically higher teenage birth rates and STDs. Results from a 3-to-6-month follow-up evaluation of the PREP curriculum-training revealed an estimated 95 percent of participants realize that professional development in PREP curricula is crucial to the overall goal in teaching youth the skills needed to develop healthy relationships, and to prevent unintended pregnancy and the acquisition of STDs/HIV. When developing recommendations for school board policy changes, studies point to the success of PREP as medically accurate, age-appropriate, and evidence-based curricula. Amid significant societal and financial costs of the lack of comprehensive sexual education, any progress in reducing these social concerns will not only sponsor the state and national economies, but will also develop the social, emotional, and physical wellbeing for current and subsequent generations of America.
"Dear Adler Community,
The posters presented today by our CSP students represented their reflections on their community work. The posters included themes about socially responsible practice, the connection between individual and community well-being, the systemic forces that marginalize whole communities, and the actions we can take to improve our society. Over 30 community partners joined faculty and staff to help students celebrate the completion of the Community Service Practicum.
It was difficult to do, but we did identify students whose posters excelled. These students will be awarded subsidies to a professional conference in the following amounts:
1st Place Winner: $500
2nd Place Winner: $400
3rd Place Winner: $300
Because we have so many students, this year we doubled the number of students who could win.
Our first place winners are Kulkiran Nakai and XX.
Our second place winners are XX and XX.
Our third place winners are XX and XX.
Many thanks to our judges, whose decisions were made so difficult by the excellent quality of students’ posters.
Nancy J. Bothne
Director of Community Engagement
Cecil Thomas
Associate Director of Community Engagement"
"Parent education group: Students will conduct a 4-6-session (8 hours in total) parent education group. Students are expected to engage designated community contacts and by mutual agreement reach out to prospect parent participants with a promotion flyer, to attract parents to their group. Students are expected to make weekly progress reports and obtain approval from the instructor for their group plan and materials via Moodle. Parent education materials (flyer, outline, session highlight, handouts, and site information sheet, are due for review on or before the second class." Class syllabus from Dr. Jay Colker
"Developed from an integration of astrology, alchemy, medicine, and magic, traditional Indian healing groups consist of the systems of Ayurveda, yoga, unani, siddha, and homeopathy (Kumar, Bhugra, & Singh, 2005). Before consulting with medical professionals, standard practice encourages that South East Indian individuals seek religious centers if they experience psychological distress or illness. The following intervention paper discusses Moodley and West’s (2005) chapter on integrating South Asian Indian traditional healing into Western psychotherapy. This paper will also summarize additional scholarly articles on how South Asian Indian traditional healing promotes health and wellbeing. Finally, this paper briefly discusses how South Asian Indian traditional healing can be integrated into mental health programming.
...
Although the Western healthcare system has demonstrated vast evidence of success, healthcare providers must persistently recognize the meaning traditional practices hold for South Asians (Hilton, Grewal, Popatia, et al., 2001). Researchers emphasize the importance of comprehensive and preventative treatment when integrating traditional healing practices with Western medicine (Sharma et al., 2007). Integrating treatment with a holistic context will help to create a culturally sensitive atmosphere that may promote insight towards alternatives to better health."
Excerpt from my mid-term paper for Global and Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Health and Dysfunction with Dr. Sonali Gupta
The DSM-IV and ICD-10 have defined hundreds of mental disorders which vary in onset, duration, pathogenesis, functional disability, and treatability. The designation of gender identity disorders (GID) as mental disorders is not a license for stigmatization, or for the deprivation of patients' civil rights. The use of a formal diagnosis is often important in offering relief, providing health insurance coverage, and guiding research to provide more effective care.
DSM-5 Development Group indicate that GID can still be given to children who reject the assigned gender but who do not experience any anatomical dysphoria. To qualify as a mental disorder, a behavioral pattern must result in a significant adaptive disadvantage to the person or cause personal mental suffering. However, the removal of distress/impairment criterion can lead to over-diagnosis of children who do not meet criteria. Instead, it is argued that criterion should be kept based on distress resulting from living in the present gender as apposed to anguish stemming from societal prejudice and discrimination. It would be more appropriate and respectful if the diagnosis is written in language reflecting contemporary views of gender rather than views that are based on gender-specific games or clothing.
Goals: Psychotherapy often provides education about a range of options not previously seriously considered by the patient. It emphasizes the need to set realistic life goals for work and relationships, and it seeks to define and alleviate the patient's conflicts that may have undermined a stable lifestyle.
The Therapeutic Relationship: The establishment of a reliable trusting relationship with the patient is the first step toward successful work as a mental health professional. This is usually accomplished by competent nonjudgmental exploration of the gender issues with the patient during the initial diagnostic evaluation. Other issues may be better dealt with later, after the person feels that the clinician is interested in and understands their gender identity concerns. Ideally, the clinician's work is with the whole of the person's complexity. The goals of therapy are to help the person to live more comfortably within a gender identity and to deal effectively with non-gender issues. The clinician often attempts to facilitate the capacity to work and to establish or maintain supportive relationships.
Language is very important to indicate that a community is making an effort to be trans-friendly. It often makes the difference in whether a transgender person will approach a community and/or clinician and whether they will choose to stay.
Millions of Americans are affected by bipolar disorder. The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (1997) give further details that up to one-third of 3.4 million American children and adolescents with depression may actually be experiencing the early onset of bipolar disorder. In the last 15 years, pediatric bipolar disorder (PBPD) is gradually becoming more recognized as a distinctive disorder for persons under the age of 18 years.
A psychosocial consequence of PBPD is that children and adolescents may struggle with academics and interpersonal relationships (Hamrin & Pachler, 2007) during critical stages of emotional development. Additionally, children and adolescents are at a higher risk for legal problems, substance abuse, increased suicidal behavior, and hospitalizations (Hamrin & Pachler, 2007).
Recent advancements in psychotherapy have shown that the recovery rate in treating patients with PBPD is remarkably high, which is a promising prognosis for relapse prevention. For treating PBPD, several empirically-based articles point to four methods of psychotherapy, which include: cognitive-behavioral therapy, family-focused therapy, psychoeducation, and interpersonal and social rhythm therapy. When considering the best treatment interventions, many pieces of literature also point to both pharmacologic and psychotherapeutic interventions that are needed to adequately treat PBPD (Fristad et al., 2007).
Nevertheless, the best support that a clinician can provide is to separate the child from the symptoms – the symptoms of PBPD do not define the personality of individuals seeking treatment. This awareness is paramount in helping to remind parents that their child is not “bad,” and that there is hope in successfully managing pathological symptoms to achieve an enhanced quality of life.
References:
1. American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2007). Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Bipolar Disorder. J. Am. Acad. Child Adolesc. Psychiatry, 46(1): 107-125.
2. Fristad, M.A., Davidson, K.H., and Leffler, J.M. (2007). Thinking-feeling-doing: A therapeutic technique for children with bipolar disorder and their parents. Journal of Family Psychotherapy; 18(4): 81-103.
3. Hamrin, V., and Pachler, M. (2007). Pediatric bipolar disorder: Evidence-based psychopharmacological treatments. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing; 20(1): 40-58.
The topic for this study will be on psychosexual development of sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem among American youth.
This study needs to be conducted because youth’s behaviors and perceptions are susceptible to learning myths and inaccuracies about sexuality based on sexually explicit content depicted in pornography.
Objectives:
1. Improve psychosexual development among youth
2. Increase access to accurate sexual health information
3. Understand the narratives and sexual scripts of pornographic messages
4. Explore pornographic messages through critical evaluation of thematic content from participants
5. Demonstrate an understanding of how responsible and consensual sex is represented in real-life circumstances
6. Promoting healthy sexual scripts and sexual self-esteem
Purpose: The purpose of this exploratory study will be to understand how sexual scripts/narratives influence sexual self-esteem, and to determine whether implementing a porn literacy program is effective in encouraging sexual responsibility and fostering sexual wellbeing among American youth.
Goals:
1. Provide accurate information about pornography
2. Reframe sexually explicit messages depicted in pornography
3. Clarify and dispel myths learned through pornography
4. Build skills to discern between fantasy and reality, coercion and consent, and risk and responsibility
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Pride Month Slides 2024 David Douglas School District
Working with Native Americans 11.13.12
1. Native Americans & American Indians:
Considerations for Assessment & Treatment
Deep Battu| Miguel Gonzalez | Kulky Nakai| Jillian Richardson
1
2. COUNSELING
AMERICAN INDIANS
AND ALASKA NATIVES
(AI/AN)
Sue, D.W. & Sue, D. (2012). Counseling the
culturally diverse: theory and practice. (6th Ed).
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
2
3. Historical Considerations
American Indians/Alaska
Natives (AI/AN) are
composed of 565 distinct tribes
AI/AN population was 2.9 million in 2010
representing 0.9% of the total U.S. population
per the U.S. Census Bureau
Of the 175 Native languages once spoken in
the U.S., only 20 are still passed on to younger
generations
3
4. Historical Considerations (cont’d)
In 1887, the U.S. government determined
Indians were incapable of managing their own
land
Land was placed into a trust with the
“promise” that the Indians would receive
income from the land
Not until 1999 when a Federal Judge ruled
that the government had breached the
agreement
4
5. General Statistics
34% of AI/ANs live on reservations, where 57% reside in metropolitan
areas
Many return to reservations for work in casinos or for a nurturing
environment
FewerAI/ANsare high school graduates as compared to the general
population
The poverty rate amongAI/ANsis double that of the U.S. population
Mortality rate is over twice as high than that of the U.S. population
Injuries and violence account for 75% of all AI/AN deaths between
ages of 1 to 19
Depression and substance abuse is also disproportionately higher in
this population
Congress determined to have at least 25% of Indian blood to be
consideredAI/AN
Tribal leaders fought to develop their own criteria
5
6. Characteristics and Strengths
The tribe is a fundamental importance based on a
interdependent system
Family is more than parents, extended family is part of
the basic unit
Honor and respect are gained through sharing and
giving such as the accumulation of material goods
AI/ANswork hard to prevent discord and believe that
family and the tribe are more important than the
individual
Taught not to interfere with others and to observe
rather than react impulsively
6
7. Characteristics and Strengths (cont’d)
AI/NAshow greater focus on the present than
on the future, therefore punctuality and
planning for the future may be unimportant
Spirit, mind, and body are interconnected
where illness is believed to involve
disharmony with these elements
Learning occurs from listening rather than
talking, hence direct eye contact with an elder
may be a sign of disrespect
7
8. Cultural Implications Based on Treatment
Assessment should include tribal relationships
and if any decision-making process would include
the tribe
Of note, many who leave the reservation report losing
a sense of identity
Because parents are not only ones responsible for
raising the child, it is important to find what each
family member’s role may be to determine
appropriate interventions
Goals of therapy or interventions may need input
from extended family or tribal leaders
8
9. Cultural Implications Based on Treatment (cont’d)
Due to emphasis on sharing, once enough money
is gathered, most AI/ANs stop working and spend
time focusing on ceremonial activities
Instead of going to work or school, AI/ANs may
prioritize helping family, thus may be seen as
unmotivated in school
Tasks are approached from a logical perspective
rather than based on timelines which can develop
a cultural conflict
9
10. Cultural Implications Based on Treatment (cont’d)
Due to values on Spirituality,
treatment must
encompass all aspects of mind, body, and
spirit (i.e. sweat lodge, vision quests)
Determine what types of nonverbal
communication are due to cultural values or
actual problems necessitating treatment
10
11. Challenges Based on History
It is important to consider historical
sociopolitical relationships between
AI/ANsand the local, state, and federal
government
Consideration with involving DCFS
Suspicion is often seen towards majority
culture due to history of broken treaties and
governmental policies
11
12. Educational Challenges
AI/AN children display a decline in academic performance by
the 4th grade
Academic success is not perceived to be rewarding
Many have the perception of no need for “White man’s education”
Many AI/ANs drop out of high school
11% have Bachelor’s Degree as compared to 24% of U.S. population
Many AI/AN students feel “pushed out” of the school systems
and express mistrust for the teachers and White community
Recommended to have school system to bridge the gap
between NA and White cultures
12
13. Acculturation Challenges
Many youth report feeling “torn” between
two cultures and fail to develop a positive selfidentity
Bee-Gates et al. (1996) found that boys
frequently cited being an AI/AN as a problem,
while two-thirds of girls reported not wanting
to live due to self-identity stressors
13
14. Cultural Orientation Model
M.T. Garret and Pichette (2000)
Traditional: the individual may speak little English and
practice traditional customs
Marginal: individual may be bilingual but has lost touch with
their cultural heritage, yet is not fully accepted in mainstream
society
Bicultural: the individual is conversant with both sets of
values and can communicate in a variety of contexts
Assimilated: the individual embraces only mainstream
culture’s values, behaviors, and expectations
Pantraditional: the individual has been exposed to and
adopted mainstream values but is making a conscious effort
to return to the “old ways”
14
15. Cultural Model Implications
Assessment of the level of acculturation is recommended to
determine the selection of therapeutic interventions
Individuals with traditional orientations may be unfamiliar
with dominant culture expectations and may want to develop
skills to deal with mainstream society
Assimilated or marginal individuals may want to examine
possible value and self-identity conflicts
Acculturated AI/ANs have been found to have success in
treatment with CBT components, whereas traditional AI/ANs
are responsive to short-term focus, activity schedule, and
some forms of homework assignments
15
16. Alcohol and Substance Abuse
AI/ANs have the highest weekly consumption of alcohol
compared to any other ethnic group
It is common to begin drinking at an early age for AI/ANs
High use of alcohol and other drugs can be linked to cultural
value of sharing, giving and togetherness
Self-identity, cultural identity, social pressures can also be
linked to increase use of alcohol in this culture
Community-oriented programs that engage the entire
community rather than the individual and inclusion of tribal
leaders is a recommended intervention
Many tribes develop their own traditional substance abuse programs
16
17. Domestic Violence
Statistics rate AI/AN women to suffer 3.5 times
higher incidences of physical, sexual, and domestic
violence compared to the general population
This may be a gross underestimation due to many women
not coming forth to report these incidences
Due to many women remaining silent, and continued
distrust for White-dominated agencies, fear of
familial alienation, many will continue to remain
silent
When working with abused women, inclusion of
family, community, and tribal support is
recommended
17
18. Suicide
There is a high incidence of suicide among AI/ANs
Thought to be result of alcohol abuse, poverty, boredom,
and family breakdown
Adolescence to adulthood is the time of greatest risk
for suicide among AI/ANs, especially males
Recommended to include community and tribal
support for those living on reservations or with ties
to their tribes
Many traditionally-based AI/AN individuals believe
mental illness is due to spiritual imbalance
18
19. IDENTIFYING EFFECTIVE MENTAL HEALTH
INTERVENTIONS FOR AMERICAN INDIANS
& ALASKA NATIVES
Gone, J. P. &Alcantara, C. (2007). Identifying
effective mental health interventions for American
Indians and Alaska Natives: A review of the
literature. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority
Psychology, 13 (4), 356-363.
19
20. Purpose of Article
Review of the literature pertaining to
Native American (NA) mental health
interventions that targeted the more
prevalent psychological disorders in the
community, within the EBP movement
20
21. Method
Comprehensive review of the literature using
four computerized bibliographic databases
encompassing English-language citations of
scholarly publications in the mental health
field
PsycINFO, PubMed,
Social Work Abstracts, and the
Social Sciences Citation Index
Proxy descriptors were used such as:
treatment, and prevention and intervention to
identify native-specific literature concerning
treatment outcomes
21
22. Method (cont’d)
13 additional descriptors of mental health problems were
used based upon epidemiological and anecdotal evidence
attesting to their prevalence in and relevance for NA
populations, including:
mental disorders, depression, anxiety, suicide, PTSD, emotional
trauma, child abuse, sexual abuse, attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD), antisocial behavior, conduct disorder, juvenile
delinquency, and “postcolonial stress disorder”
Finally, “Native American”/“American Indian” and “Alaska
Native” were the terms selected to limit search results
There were 312 searches that used this formula:
(Computerized Database [4] × Practice Descriptor [3] ×
Problem Descriptor [13] × Group identifier [2])
22
23. Results
3500 initial citations elicited 56 articles and chapters from Nativespecific mental health programs, interventions, and treatment
approaches
This literature was nominally classified as follows:
(a) randomized or controlled outcome studies (n = 3)
(b) nonrandomized or uncontrolled outcome studies (n = 6)
(c) intervention descriptions (n = 14)
(d) summary intervention overviews (n = 2)
(e) clinical case studies (n = 7)
(f) intervention approaches (n = 24)
To summarize, the literature used the following descriptions:
prevention of maladaptive adolescent behaviors and suicide through the
cultivation of coping skills and prosocial competencies; treatment of
depression, trauma, and sexual abuse through both conventional and
innovative therapeutic methods; application of extended family therapy,
relaxation and assertiveness training, eye movement desensitization and
reprocessing therapy, and stimulus fading procedures in single clinical cases;
and implementation of innovative service delivery efforts within mental health
treatment systems and settings in NA communities
23
24. Results(cont’d)
9 outcome studies were used to identify EBP for mental health
problems
Very few articles and chapters were empirical reports so their value
for evidence based mental health treatments was limited
Of the 9 outcome studies classified above, 6 reported pre and post
intervention results for a treatment group with no untreated group
for comparison, thereby rendering valid inferences about the causal
relationship of intervention to outcome in these instances uncertain
Beyond these 6 articles, an additional outcome study reported the
efficacy of a pharmacotherapy (methylphenidate) rather than a
psychological intervention for comorbid ADHD and fetal alcohol
syndrome among four NA children
Finally, no literature was identified through these searches that
attempted an assessment of outcomes for NA traditional healing or
other culturally grounded ceremonies targeted at mental health
24
25. Results(cont’d)
Only 2 controlled outcome studieshad adequate
sample sizes and interpretable results:
Manson and Brenneman (1995)reported outcomes for an
intervention undertaken to prevent clinical depression
among olderAIsencountering health-related stressors in
the Pacific Northwest
LaFromboiseand Howard-Pitney (1995)reported outcomes
for an intervention undertaken to prevent suicide among
adolescentAIs through life skills training in a school-based
program in the American Southwest
These 2 studies attest that there is limited literature on
EBP and is it useful in looking at this population
25
26. Discussion
Should there be more culturally relevant or sensitive practices that we use
and identify and that could be more a more effective option for NA
clients?
The authors decided to present their findings in 2004 at the One Sky
Center, a federally funded national resource centerfor AI/AN substance
abuse and mental health services, in Oregon Health and Science University
Policymakers, practitioners, and mental health researchers all debated
and discussed the knowledge pertaining to EBP for NA populations
The consensus was that there should bean adaption of mental health and
substance abuse treatments in implementation withNA population
Some believed that EBP movement was just another way to exercise
control of mental health resources all levels and an example of arrogance
on behalf of European Americans
Others credited EBP with facilitating greater accountability for therapeutic
efficacy and having more protection for the Native people
26
27. Discussion (cont’d)
The authors recognized the importance of empirical literature pertaining to
intervention outcomes in the arena of NA mental health, but believe there is
enough reasons for reconsidering the call to EBP in NA mental health service
delivery
There are several limitations and contradictions that have yet to be resolved
within the EBP movement, especially as it prepares to assimilate mental
health service delivery within NA communities
One example is the limited external validity or generalizability of the
outcomes of RCTs relative to actual clinical practice.
RCTsare seen as artificial and not realistic
The authors proposed that the demonstration of positive therapeutic
outcomes for an intervention through RCTs is the first phase in identifying
EBP; a second crucial empirical endeavor is the establishment of parameters
regarding the range of conditions and contexts in which the established
causal relationship between intervention and outcome remains intact.
Lastly, both efficacy and effectiveness studies depend on the reliable and
valid assessment of psychological attributes and outcomes, an endeavor only
infrequently investigated among NA respondents
27
28. Discussion (cont’d)
Another critique looks at how the mental health EBP movement
asserts that the designation of the RCT as the gold standard for the
evaluation of pharmacological interventions in medicine cannot be
meaningfully extended to the evaluation of psychotherapeutic
interventions in the mental health professions
Finally, critics argue that mental health professionals should pursue
EBP by prescribing empirically supported therapeutic relationships
(ESTRs) instead of specific clinical techniques, and place emphasis on
healing relationships
The culture of the mental health clinic is not the culture of the
reservation community
In many Native communities, the contemporary status of AI “mental
health” remains significantly caught up in history, culture, identity,
and (especially) spirituality, all within the devastating context of
European American colonialism
Return to sacred tradition and practice from which a renewed sense
of purpose, source of coherence, and semblance of continuity might
be fashioned
28
29. Discussion (cont’d)
The role of EBP seems to have little relevance in the NA community
New roles which advocate more for community psychology might
be more appropriate
There could be more traditional clinical services and community
mental health approaches and service delivery
Looking at reaching larger numbers of people through brief
consultations and crisis intervention; instead of the clinician's office,
the location of intervention is practice in the community; instead of
assuming an intrapsychic cause of disorder, the etiological factors of
interest are the environmental causes of maladaptation; instead of
rehabilitative services or “treatments,” the type of service delivery
is often preventative in nature; instead of professional control of
mental health services, the locus of decision making is shared
responsibility between professionals and community members; and
so on
29
30. Conclusion
• The NA population may need a different type
of service that no one has yet thought of
• More empirical research needs to be done on
the population
30
31. HONORING THEIR WAY:
COUNSELING AMERICAN
INDIAN WOMEN
Rayle, D. A., Chee, C., & Sand, J. K. (2006).
Honoring their way: Counseling American
Indian women. Journal of Multicultural
Counseling and Development, 34(2), 66-79.
31
32. American Indian (AI) Women
Throughout U.S. history, multiple assaults of
racism, sexism, and sociopolitical and economic
disadvantages compound the discrimination and
injustices against AI women
Contributes to higher levels of poverty, school
drop outs, unemployment, substance abuse,
alcohol-related mortality, domestic violence,
suicide, gang-related violence, poor physical
health, and other mental health problems (e.g.,
depression and feelings of hopelessness)
32
33. AI Stigma
Historical incidents of the past may have
negatively affected AI’s view of their cultural
values that differ from those of mainstream
America (i.e., cultural dissonance)
Led to have considerable distrust of European
American counselors
AI’s do not feel liberated or free enough to
seek help
Indian Health Service (IHS) serves over 500K
33
34. Experience of AI Women Today
Crucial to consider in counseling:
History and values of females in the U.S. (especially
women of color who face forms of racism, sexism,
inequality, and stereotyping)
Experiences with the acculturation process (often
varies in identity development and level of
acceptance of and commitment to tribal values,
beliefs, and practices)
Gender-neutral behaviors, or psychologically
androgynous, is viewed as a strength
34
35. Core AI Values
Harmony
Unity
Noninterference
Respect for elders and all others
Sharing
Being
Cooperation
Collectivism
Reservation life
Matriarchal systems
Present-time living and orientation
Traditional spiritual beliefs and healing methods
Harmony with nature, oppression, and racism
35
36. Counseling Needs of AI Women
Historical Effects:
18th-19th Century: Battle of Wounded Knee
and the Indian Removal/Trail of Tears where AI
women were beaten, raped, and killed
because they were considered “savages”
20th Century: AI women were forced to leave
their families and attend nonreservation
boarding schools that influenced their
worldviews, experiences, and trust levels
(especially with the government)
36
37. Counseling Needs of AI Women (cont’d)
Cultural Values:
Political, social, and cultural histories, in addition
to personal, gender, familial, and cultural values
and beliefs
A sense of connection to the land is primary in
the psychological makeup of all AI women, as this
is intertwined with AI’s religion, values, culture,
and complete life experience
5 Levels of acculturation: 1) traditional, 2)
marginal, 3) bicultural, 4) assimilated, and 5)
pantraditional
37
38. Counseling Needs of AI Women (cont’d)
Physical and Mental Health:
Health irregularities did not exist prior to colonization
Most vital mental and physical health concerns are the
effects from alcoholism and substance abuse
Higher alcoholism rates than any other women of color
in U.S. society
Increased emotional and psychological disturbance,
such as depression, which affects 79% of AI women
who use IHS mental health services (IHS, 2000)
Suicide rates are four times greater than all other U.S.
women
38
39. Counseling Needs of AI Women (cont’d)
Traditional Responsibilities and Education:
27% of AI households are headed by women,
which requires women to stay at home
1% of AI women have obtained higher education
and formal training, but often experience barriers
that interfere with or hinder their success in
professional careers (also consider gender
variations in educational attainment)
Consider an intentional decision for traditional AI
women to refuse leaving their reservations and
families, losing their cultural heritage, and
trusting others from outside reservation life
39
40. Considerations for Counseling
AI Women (cont’d)
Acculturation and Identities:
Openly address acculturation and life experiences as a
woman, as an indigenous AI person, and as an AI
woman
Encourage the beginning process of therapy using selfdisclosure and initiating conversation about the scope
of counseling and how the process is likely to unfold
Inquire about comfort level in bridging both cultural
experiences of traditional healing (i.e., songs, herbs,
sand paintings) and nontraditional approaches to
healing
Encourage her to visit the reservation to reinforce her
identity and mainstream connections with extended
family in order to navigate both worlds
40
41. Considerations for Counseling
AI Women (cont’d)
Tribal and Clan Membership and Values:
Inquire about her tribal affiliation, clan
membership, and values
Common AI values:
Humility
Cooperation over competition
Silence over words
Respect for elders (only speak when asked)
Preference for matriarchal society
41
42. Considerations for Counseling
AI Women (cont’d)
Culturally Specific Counseling Approaches:
Definition of “sick” is being unbalanced or losing
the path of beauty
Religion = Medicine
Honor values by redefining or rediscovering
harmony and balance to build loyalty, respect, and
trust in therapeutic relationship
Interact and consult with elders in the community,
and be aware of urban community resources
Empower her regarding abilities and selfconfidence
42
43. Counselor Cultural Awareness & Techniques:
Build credibility with AI women by having the
knowledge and awareness of AI culture
Weave Western counseling techniques with elements
of AI culture, beliefs, and philosophy
Traditional AI learning processes emphasize a narrative
approach (i.e., legends, stories, metaphors) to create
symbolic meanings and share tribal histories to convey
complex concepts
Humor brings people together and reaffirms bonds of
kinship, therefore laughter relieves stress and creates
an atmosphere of sharing and connectedness (often
used to deal with painful and oppressive experiences)
43
44. Counseling Implications
Acquire basic knowledge of AI women’s historical
and current challenges (etic) and their cultural
values and individual personal beliefs (emic), in
order to understand worldviews and to integrate
culturally appropriate counseling interventions
Approach AI females as individuals first
Evaluate personal ideas, beliefs, and traditions
regarding her role as a woman in her respective
tribe, family, society, and workplace, as well as
the influences of AI women’s multiple identities
44
45. Acculturation Assessment
Personal and tribal definitions of traditional and
nontraditional activities, beliefs, and values
Beliefs regarding family roles and religion
Level of traditionalism, acculturation, or assimilation
Reactions to and experiences with mainstream society
Preferences for daily language use, meals, clothing, and
music and reading selections
Overall cultural identity (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender,
religious/spiritual, etc.)
Bidirectional Assessment: Building Rapport with AI Clients
Counselors encouraged to self-disclose about themselves
45
46. Communication Styles with AI Women
Both nonverbal body language (e.g., eye contact, body
space preference, body posture) and verbal language
clarifies AI individual’s worldview and level of
acculturation or assimilation
More traditional AI women may use less direct eye
contact or may display contact at short glances as a
way to maintain privacy in order to show respect for
counselors
Counselors should allow for silence and allow AI
women to tell their life stories in their time frame
(especially if struggling from depression and loneliness)
Silence helps build trust and rapport, and also allows for
peaceful, culturally appropriate, and non-rushed
counseling sessions
46
47. Holistic, Wellness-Based Approach
Strengths-based
Mirrors cultural values of balance and
harmony
Assess childhood and family structures and
systems
Involve families and/or a Shaman (tribal
medicine person/healer) may help AI women
feel honored in the healing environment
47
48. Strengths-Based Encouragers
Use open-ended, non-intrusive questions about:
Where they are from
Their strengths
Their areas of wellness
Their family and tribal systems
Their cultural and gender identities
Their personal and ethnic beliefs and values
Their spiritual beliefs
Their experiences with power and oppression
Their lives on and of reservation land
Their experiences as AI women living in the U.S.
Their counseling needs
48
49. Holistic, Wellness-Based Approach (con’t)
Respect from the counselor allows access to
information about:
Ceremonies and spiritual beliefs to include in therapy
Extended family or elders to be involved in the healing
process
Their histories and presenting issues
Their previous attempts at resolving dilemmas
The ways in which they define their identities
Their roles as individuals, immediate and extended
family members, and as members of their tribe/clan
49
50. Therapy Goals
Reestablish harmony between physical,
emotional, and spiritual selves
Honor traditions, families, tribes, values and
beliefs, histories, needs for harmony and
balance, and their roles as women and AIs
Aim for holistic, intentional wellness-based
collaboration, awareness, understanding, and
education
50
51. Words of Wisdom
Remain aware of cultural and political events that affect AI women’s
identities and worldviews
Be cautious when prescribing your own internalized gender constructs and
stereotypes that might be influenced by history and media
Physical and mental health may reflect longstanding traditions of mindbody dualism in Western health care (Miresco & Kirmayer, 2006)
Physical or mental illnesses effectively treated by traditional Shaman or
“medicine men” or “spiritual healers” may have somaticized forms of
relational and interpersonal distress
Counselors can use cultural awareness as a means to empower their
clients
Acknowledge feelings, perceptions, and interpretations of AI woman’s
experiences in an urban setting that might be molded by her expectations
before arriving to counseling
AI individuals strongly discourage boasting about themselves and is
considered disrespectful to make oneself look better at the expense of
others
Do not elicit or use forms of humor that are painful or oppressive in
nature with AI clients
51
52. BEST PRACTICES
IN COUNSELING
NATIVE AMERICANS
Thomason, T. (2011). Best practices in counseling Native
Americans. Journal of Indigenous Research, 1(1), Art. 3
52
53. Survey Study
Pilot-test on Counseling NAs using a group of
AI/NA/ANpsychologists and counselors
Most members of the listserv of the Society of
Indian Psychologists or were experts who have
extensive experience
Internet administration
30-questions (both closed and open)
1-hour completion time
Offered financial stipend to compensate
53
54. Participants
N=68
Demographics:
57% Native American and 43% non-Native
68% Female and 32% Male
42% Psychologists,
27% Counselors, 16% Teachers,
16% Researchers, 10% Social Workers, 25% More
than one profession
73% worked in counseling center or mental health
clinic working with Native American clients
54
55. Building Rapport in the
st
1
Session
Warm welcome
Refreshments (water, coffee, tea)
Minimize intake paperwork
Story telling from client’s point of view
Self-disclosure of counselor
Address role of culture in client’s life
Discuss confidentiality and expectations for
counseling
Collaborate with client about the content of and
goals for counseling sessions
55
56. Significant Barriers to Help-Seeking
Stigma, mistrust, or fear of being judged
Lack of money
Shortage of providers
Long wait lists
Dysfunctional systems of care
Racial discrimination
56
57. Increase Comfort in Help-Seeking
Counselors are encouraged to build
relationships with the local Native
communities and speak with tribal elders
Ask what counselors should know or how they
can help
Display Native art on the walls or with
books/magazines
Offer refreshments
57
58. Results
60% do not agree with using Native health practices such as
talking circles, purification ceremonies, etc., as this may be
seen as patronizing and may be harmful (unless
professionally trained and competent)
50% of Native American counselors are more effective with
Native American clients than non-Native counselors (20%
said no difference, 18% depends on cultural competence of
counselor)
55% feel that spirituality is important to incorporate in the
counseling process (41% said depends on the client)
73% approve of psychological testing, but are cautious of
potential bias and lack of adequate norms due to
consideration of how the client’s culture affects the test
results
58
60. Alcohol Consumption
(Henry, et al., 2011)
Alcohol use is considered a problem within the
population, even in urban areas
Early onset alcohol use (prior to 14) is strongly
correlated with alcohol problems throughout life
Heavy use during adolescents, specifically between the
ages of 16-18
Experienced more alcohol related problems between the
ages of 16-18
Higher rate of alcohol related diagnoses by the age of 18
Three times the risk for life long alcohol related issues
60
61. Alcohol Consumption (cont’d)
(Henry, et al., 2011)
Factors that contribute to early alcohol
consumption:
Delinquency
Family history of alcohol abuse or dependence
Poverty
Broken family structure
Limited family cohesiveness
Family conflict
61
62. Reproductive Health Needs
(Ravello, Tulloch, & Taylor, 2012)
STD rates among AI/AN youth (15-24 years of
age) are the second highest in the U.S.
4.5 times more likely to be diagnosed with chlamydia
3 times more likely to be diagnosed with gonorrhea
2 times more likely to be diagnosed with syphilis
HIV rates are difficult to assess due to limited
testing
Account for 20% of new cases in the U.S.
62
63. Reproductive Health Needs (cont’d)
(Ravello, Tulloch, & Taylor, 2012)
Teen birth rates have increased 12% over two years
1 in 5 AI/AN girls will give birth before 20th birthday
30% had parental care later in pregnancy or no
prenatal care (U.S. population 16%)
AI/AN mothers experience higher rates of:
Low birth weight
Preterm birth
Post neonatal mortality
Infant mortality (SIDS)
63
64. Reproductive Health Needs (cont’d)
(Ravello, Tulloch, & Taylor, 2012)
AI/AN gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning
youth experience more physical and sexual abuse
Gay and bisexual youth:
17.8% reported sexual abuse
26.7% reported physical abuse
23.3% reported running away
Lesbian and bisexual youth:
42.4% reported sexual abuse
51.5% reported physical abuse
32% reported running away
Alarming rate of sexual and physical abuse for AI/AN girls
31.1% reported sexual abuse
33.6% reported physical abuse
AI/AN girls are believed to make up a large percentage of
human trafficking and sexual exploitation
64
65. Suicidality
(Dorgan, 2010)
AI/AN population’s suicide rate is 70% higher
than the US general population
AI/AN individuals between the ages of 10-24
have the highest suicide rate of any racial group
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for
AI/AN between that ages of 10-34
AI/AN suicide rates are highest between the ages
of 15-19
AI/AN males are 5 times more likely to take their own
lives than AI/AN females
65
66. Suicidality (cont’d)
(Range, et al., 1999; US Commission on Civil Rights, 2003; Gone, 2004)
Risk factors:
High rates of poverty
Limited and/or poor education
Substandard housing
High rates of disease
Weakening parental influence
Dislocation from native lands
Weakening tribal unity
Limited and/or no access to mental health professionals
Underutilization of mental health services and
discontinuation of services during treatment
66
67. Prevention
Focus on psychoeducation
Target reservations and tribes
Raise awareness of the long term effects of alcohol use and the
trajectory individuals are likely to take with early consumption
Discuss the importance of reproductive health needs
Discuss resources available for suicidal individuals
Explain steps to reduce factors that contribute to alcohol use,
reproductive issues, suicidality
Make resources available to the community without
pushing medical model of assessment and treatment
Work within the goals or “dreams” of the population
Alcohol can be included in natural healing and can help
spirituality/faith
Cultural considerations of reproductive health and
contraception
67
68. EXAMPLES OF NATURAL HEALING
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xlnJTbDuQ9Y&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaxoEQKLwMI&feature=relmfu
68
69. Video Discussion
What are your personal beliefs of the concept of
“Natural Healing”?
How would you discuss ancestral situations with your
clients?
How can we encourage and facilitate treatment with
clients who opposed modern medicine?
What do you think of Gayokla’s explanation and
treatment of mental illness?
What challenges have you faced in working with this
population?
What are your concerns in working with this population?
69
70. References
Gone, J. P. (2004). Mental health services for Native Americans in the 21st century United States. Professional
Psychology: Research and Practice, 35, 10-18.
Gone, J. P. & Alcantara, C. (2007). Identifying effective mental health interventions for American Indians and Alaska
Natives: A review of the literature.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 13 (4), 356-363.
Henry, K. L., McDonald, J. N., Oetting, E. R., Walker, P. S., Walker, R. D., &Beausvais. F. (2011). Age of Onset of First
Alcohol Intoxication and Subsequent Alcohol Use Among Urban American Indian Adolescents. Psychology of
Addictive Behaviors, 25(1), 48-56. doi:10.1037/a0021710.
Range, L. M., Leach, M. M., McIntyre, D., Posey-Deters, P. B., Marion, M. S., Kovac, S. H., et al. (1999). Multicultural
perspectives on suicide. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 4(4), 413-30.
Ravello, L., Tulloch, S., & Taylor, M. (2012). We will be known forever by the tracks we leave: Rising up to meet the
reproductive health needs of American Indian/Alaska Native Youth. American Indian and Alaska Native Mental
Health Research, 19(1), i-x. doi: 10.5820/aian.1901.2012.i.
Rayle, D. A., Chee, C., & Sand, J. K. (2006). Honoring their way: Counseling American Indian women. Journal of
Multicultural Counseling and Development, 34(2), 66-79.
Sue, D.W. & Sue, D. (2012). Counseling the culturally diverse: theory and practice. (6th Ed). New York: John Wiley &
Sons.
Thomason, T. (2011). Best practices in counseling Native Americans. Journal of Indigenous Research, 1(1), Art. 3
U.S. Commission on Civil Rights. (2003). A quiet crisis: Federal funding and unmet needs in Indian Country. Washington
D.C.: Manuel Alba and MireilleZieseniss, http://www.usccr.gov/pubs/na0703/na0731.pdf
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