work proposal presentation.pptx thesis new

Work Proposal of M.Tech
on
An Intellection of DFIG based WECS for Harmonics
Mitigation and using PI and ANFIS
Under the Supervision of
Prof. Varun Kumar Dr. A.S. Pandey
(Asst. Professor) (Professor)
Presented By
Raghvendra Kr. Yadav
M.Tech-V Sem. (Power Electronics and Drives)
Roll No.-179304
1
31 May 2018

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Literature Survey
4. Modeling of System
5. Simulation Results and Conclusion
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Introduction
Decrement in Hydrocarbon deposition.
Renewable Energy resources are eco-friendly and unlimited in availability.
According to the ‘Global Wind Statistic Report-2017-
 Total 54 GW of Wind turbine installed in 2017.
 Prognostication to achieve Zero Emission power System by 2050.
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Wind Energy Scenario in India
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Source-IWTMA Source- Global Wind Statistic 2017

Wind Energy Scenario Across World
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Source- Global Wind Statistic 2017

Wind Energy Conversion System Configuration
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WECS
Type-1 Fixed –Speed
(1%) WECS with
SCIG
Type-2 Semi
Variable speed
(10%) WECS
with WRIG
Type-3 Semi
Variable speed
(30%) WECS
with DFIG
Type-4 Full Variable
speed (0-100 %)
WECS with SCIG,
PMSG or WRSG
Type-5 Full
Variable speed (0-
100 %) WECS
with WRSG
 Simplicity, low
initial cost, reliable
operation
 Changes in wind
speed, additional
hardware require
 Conversion
efficiency, reduce
mechanical stress
 Rotor resistance loss,
soft starter, reactive
power compensation
 Enhanced dynamic
performance , high
energy conversion
 FRT limited,
require regular
maintenance
 Full speed operation,
FRT compliance without
any external hardware
 Full capacity converter,
size ,cost and
complexity
 Mechanical
converter instead
of electrical
converter
 Limited
knowledge of
converter

Why DFIG lead the wind market
Power converters are main feature for mostly use
of DFIG.
Operation
Less mechanical stress
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Basic Components of a DFIG based WECS
Wind Turbine
Gear Box
DFIG
Rotor Side Converter (RSC)
Grid Side Converter (GSC)
DC link Capacitor
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31 May 2018
Wind
Turbine DFIG
Shaft
Grid
GSC
RSC
Gear
Box
DC link
Capacitor

Wind Power and Energy Conversion
P wind = 0.5ρAIR π R2V3
wind (1)
Pm = P wind X Cp (2)
𝐶𝑝 𝜆, 𝛽 = 𝐶1
𝐶2
𝜆𝑖
− 𝐶3𝛽 − 𝐶4 𝑒
−
𝐶5
𝜆𝑖 + 𝐶6 (3)
1
𝜆𝑖
=
1
𝜆+0.08𝛽
−
0.035
𝛽3+1
(4)
Where,C1=0.5176,C2=116,C3=0.4,C4=5,C5=21, C6=0.0068.
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Fig.2. Curve between Cp and 

Wind Turbine Power Profile
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Fig.3. Wind Turbine Power Profile

Cont…
MPPT with Turbine Power profile MPPT with optimal TSR MPPT with Torque control
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Other Advance MPPT Techniques
 Power Signal Feedback control
 Hill Climbing search control
 Genetic algorithm based MPPT
𝜔𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏,𝑜𝑝𝑡 =
𝜆𝑜𝑝𝑡∗𝑉𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑
𝑅
(5)

d-q model of Doubly Fed Induction Generator
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Voltage Equations
Flux Equations
Electromagnetic torque & motion Equations
(6)
(7)
(8)

Rotor Side Converter
Two Stage of Operation
(i)Active Power Control/MPPT Operation
(ii)Reactive Power Control
Stator Voltage Oriented Frame
Process of aligning the d axis of SRF with the stator
Voltage Vs is called the stator voltage orientation.
In SVOC Vqs=0; Vds=Vs.
𝜃𝑠𝑙 = 𝜃𝑠 − 𝜃𝑟
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Cont…
SVOC Cont…
For Steady state operation the change in flux is zero. So the voltage equation of stator would be
Considering losses negligible. The stator linkage Fluxes are as ,
Now the Stator current will be
Electromagnetic Torque expressed as
i.e. 𝑇𝑒𝑚 ∝ 𝐼𝑑𝑟
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(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)

Cont…
SVOC Cont…
Similarly, the d-q axes of rotor currents are estimated and written as
Where
This d-q axes currents are act as a reference quantity for RSC controlling Scheme.
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(13)
(14)

Cont…
SVOC Cont…
Rotor Fluxes are
,
Where
Now the Rotor Voltage Equations are
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(15)
(16)
(17)

Rotor Side Converter Control Outline
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Abc to dq and vice versa

Grid Side Converter
Maintain constant DC link voltage
Smooth Exchange of reactive power between the converter and grid
Steady state model
Steady State Equation
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d-q axes currents

GSC controlling Schematic
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DC Link Voltage Estimation
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DC link Voltage
𝑉𝑑𝑐 ≥ 𝑉𝑙−𝑙/(.612*m)
Consider 690 V line voltage then Vdc=1127.45
Selected as 1200 V
DC link Capacitor
𝐶𝑑𝑐 =
6 ∗ 𝑎 ∗ 𝐼 ∗ 𝑡 ∗ 𝑉
𝑝
𝑉𝑑𝑐2
− 𝑉𝑑𝑐12
Where I=Max. GSC current ,t=time to recover DC voltage
Calculated value is 73.2mF.

2.Objective
To design the LLCL-2 TRP filter for harmonics mitigation
To design the Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Controller for controlling the Active and reactive
power of DFIG, also compare with PI controller.
Mathematical modeling of rotor side and grid control (RSC and GSC) in Matlab
To study the effects of non-linear loads.
To study the effect of short circuit of dc link capacitor
To study the short circuit of cascaded capacitor system
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3-LITERATURE SURVEY
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3.Literature Survey
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Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
Citation Description
A review of
renewable
energy supply
and energy
efficiency
technologies
S.
Abolhossei
ni, A.
Heshmati,
and J.
Altmann
2014
IEEE, vol. 89,
no. 8, pp.
1216–1226
In this paper the focus emphasise
on renewable energy resources.
And have a glance on the other
resources like Geothermal , Tidal,
Solar .

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
A review of
technical
issues on the
development
of wind farms
G.M.J.Her
bert, S.
Iniyan, and
D. Amutha
2014
Elsevier,
Renew.,
Sustain.,
Energy Rev.,
vol.32,
pp619-641
In this paper the focus on wind
energy related some technical
issues. This paper reviews the
factor such as environmental
factor, grid integration factor,
control strategies, feed in tarrif,
hybrid energy technology,
components, production cost
feasibility.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper
Name
Authors
Year of
Publication
Indian
Wind
Energy –
A Brief
Outlook
GWEC (Global
Wind Energy
council) and
ITMA (Indian
Turbine
Manufacturer
Associations)
2017
Available at
online:
https://mnre.
gov.in
OR
Search on
https://googl
e.com
This magazine completely have
preview on wind energy activity
in India. It has the all state
installed capacity data and at
100m Wind capacity data in
India.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
A comparative
study of fixed
speed and
variable speed
of wind energy
conversion
system feeding
the grid
S.S.Murth
y, Bhim
Singh,
P.K.Goel
and S.K.
Tiwari
2007
IEEE, pp.736-
743
In this paper the comparative
study is presented between fixed
speed and Variable speed. The
SCIG is operated for fixed speed
and by the use of power
electronic it operates on variable
speed of wind.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publicatio
n
DFIG using
back to back
PWM converter
and its
application to
variable speed
wind energy
conversion
R.Pena,
J.C.Clare,
and
J.M.Asher
1996
IEE Proc.-
Electr. Power
Appl., Vol.
143, No 3.
First introduce the back to back
converter. RSC is used for speed
control with vector control
strategy while GSC is used for
controlling the active and
reactive power.

Cont…
30
31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publicatio
n
Active Filtering
Capability of
WECS with DFIG
for Grid Power
Quality
Improvement
A.Gaillard,
P. Poure,
and
S. Saadate
2008 IEEE
In this paper the author present the
modified RSC controlling approach for
control the active and reactive power
and also mitigate the harmonics by
injecting the harmonics in rotor
winding.
Full Capability of
Harmonic Current
Mitigation for a
Wind Energy
System
M.Boutoubat,
L.Mokrania
& M.
Machmoumb
2014
Electric Power
Components and
Systems,
42:1743–1753
In this article the only RSC is controlled
for reactive power compensation and
harmonic mitigation. Harmonic is
significantly mitigate by injecting the
harmonics in the rotor circuit.

Cont…
31
31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publicat
ion
Wind energy
conversion systems as
active filters: design
and comparison of
three control methods
G.Todechini,
A.E.Emanuel
2010
IET Renewable
Power
Generation,2010,
Vol. 4, Iss. 4, pp.
341–353
In this article the author compare the
RSC,GSC and both; and get that RSC
and GSC both control techniques
mitigate the harmonics without injecting
the harmonics in circuit.
Design of LCL filter
for the back to back
converter in a doubly
fed induction
generator
P. Zhan, W.
Lin, J. Wen,
M. Yao, N. Li
2012
IEEE conf., PES
ISGT Asia-2012
The authors proposes the LCL filter
design procedure for B2B converter
inorder to mitigate the harmonics
produced by the PWM converter. Author
designed the filter for the GSC and RSC.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors Year Citation Description
Reduced Cost of
reactive power in
DFIG wind turbine
system with optimised
grid filter
D.Zhou, F.
Blaabjerg, T.
Franke,
M.Tonnes and
M. Lau
2015
IEEE trans. on
power
electronics,
Vol.30 no.10,
pp.5581-5590.
Authors compares the L and LCL filter
reactive power support and loss and
concluded that the power supported
through GSC has the more loss in GSC
itself with LCL filter but the overall
system loss is less as compared to
reactive power support through RSC.
Step by step design of
high order power
filter for three phase
three wire grid
connected inverter in
renewable energy
system.
M. Huang, F.
Blaabjerg, Y.
Yang, W. Wu
2013
IEEE
International
Symposium on
on power
electronics for
distr. gen.
system (PEDG-
2013) , pp.1-8
Authors introduce the step by step design
procedure for LLCL filter and compare
the result of three types of filters LCL,
LLCL-single tune, LLCL-2TRP. LLCL-1
TRP, and LLCL -2TRP , total inductance
are reduced by 25-40% .

Cont…
So in this thesis the LLCL-2 TRP filter are Proposed for DFIG based WECS considering the
NON-Linear Load.
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Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
Artificial Intelligence
Based Fault Tolerant
Control Strategy in
Wind Turbine Systems
Amina
Bouzekri,
Tayeb Allaoui ,
Mouloud
Denai , Youcef
Mihoub
2017
International
Journal of
Renewable
Energy
Research a.
bouzekri et al.,
vol.7, no.2,
2017
This paper present the fuzzy logic based
fault tolerance control in switch faults in
power converters. In case of failure FTC
activates the redundant leg and restore the
operation. Current control is achieve with PI
through optimise by GA algorithm.
Transient stability
enhancement of a grid
connected wind farm
using an adaptive
neuro-fuzzy controlled
flywheel energy storage
System.
Talha Ahmed
Taj, Hany M.
Hasanien,
Abdulrahman
I. Alolah, Syed
M. Muyeen
2015
IET Renew.
Power Gener.,
2015, Vol. 9,
Iss. 7, pp. 792–
800
This paper investigates the transient stability
enhancement of grid connected DFIG by
using the cascade ANFC. This paper also
compare the response of conventional PI
controller with cascade ANFC.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
Performance
improvement of DFIG
fed wind energy
conversion system
using ANFIS controller
Amit Kumar
and D.Giribabu
2016
IEEE, Int. Conf.
on Adv. In Elec.
,Electr., Inf.
Comm. And
Bio-Inf.
(AEEICB16)
In this paper author uses the ANFIS
controller only in RSC control using the
technique DTC. And result were compared
with PI controller.
Performance of Doubly
fed induction generator
based wind turbine
using adaptive neuro
fuzzy inference system
A. A. Z. Diab,
S. A. A.
Maksoud,
B.E.Elnaghi,
and D.A.Kotin
2016
IEEE, IFOST-
2016: Mechatr.,
Ele.Engg. And
Power
Electronics
In this paper, ANFIS is used as controller for
analyse the performance of DFIG based
Wind Energy conversion system.
No load condition.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
DFIG control scheme
of wind power using
ANFIS Method in
Electrical Power Grid
System
R. Syahputra
and I.Soesanti
2016
International
journal of
applied engg.
Research vol.11
no.7 pp5256-
5262
In this paper ANFIS is applied only on RSC
control for controlling the active power and
examine the performance in different
abnormal condition.
Modelling and
Simulation of ANFIS
controlled doubly fed
induction generator
based wind energy
system for performance
enhancement
K. Rebecca
Angeline, T.
Piddikiti and S.
K. B. Yadlapati
2017
International
science press ,
IJCTA vol
10.no. 5 , pp.
61-73.
The author proposes the ANFIS based
controlling schemes for examine the
behaviour of DFIG under condition wind
speed, short grid fault, and system parameter
variation.
Compare the result with fuzzy controller.
No load consider.

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
Investigation of DC
link capacitor failures
in DFIG based Wind
Energy conversion
system
A. M.
Eltamaly and
A.A. khan
2011
STM Journals,
Trends in
Electrical
Engineering,
2011,Vol. 1,
iss.1, pp. 12-
21
The author studied the behavior of
DFIG based wind turbine during the
faults DC-link capacitor open/short-
circuited.
Impact of DC link
fault on the dynamic
performance of DFIG
A. M. S.
Yunus, A. A.
Siada, and M.
A. S.
Masoum
2012 IEEE 2012
The DFIG fault ride through with grid
of countries like Denmark, Spain,
Sweden, and Nordic is also investigated
with the impact of DC-link capacitor
short/open faults

Cont…
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31 May 2018
Paper Name Authors
Year of
Publication
Effect of short circuit
faults in the back to
back power electronic
converter and rotor
terminals on the
operational Behaviour
of the Doubly Fed
Induction generator
wind energy conversion
system
D.G.
Giaourakis and
A. N. Safacas
2015
Machines, 2015,
3, pp.2-26.
The author also investigates the effect of DC
link short circuit fault with an additional
fault in the switching gates (IGBTs) of
inverters and rectifiers.

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4.PROBLEM STATEMENT AND
METHODOLOGY

Problem Statement
Harmonics mitigation generated by the PWM
LCL designed for both converter and not consider the Non linear loads.
Non linear devices are complex to control.
Electrolytic capacitor failure
Harmonics produced by non linear loads
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Methodology
To get the good response of controller as compared to PI.
Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) controller to implement.
Stator voltage oriented scheme for RSC
MPPT-Tip Speed Ratio
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5-MODELLING OF SYSTEM AND SIMULATION RESULTS
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5(A)- DFIG based WECS with Double trap LLCL filter for harmonics Mitigation
5(B)- ANFIS based DFIG for WECS with LLCL-2TRP filter
5(C)- An Intellection of Artificial Intelligence based DFIG for WECS and effect of
hysteresis band on DC link Voltage
5(D)- Study of DC link capacitor failure in cascaded system configuration

5(A)-DFIG based WECS with Double trap LLCL filter
Block diagram of wind energy conversion system
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Cont…
LLCL Filter Design Constraints and Parameter Estimation
There are 5 constraints-
𝑍𝑏 = 0.7935 ; 𝐿𝑏 = 2.53𝑚𝐻; 𝐶𝑏 =4.01mF for 2MW,690V
Stator/Rotor=0.3
1-Total inductance (L1+L2)- the maximum limit for total inductance
is 10% in order to limit DC-link voltage ( 𝐿1 + 𝐿2 ≤ 0.253 𝑚𝐻).
2-𝑳𝟏 ≥
𝑉𝑑𝑐
8∗𝛼∗𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓∗𝑓𝑠
, 𝛼=maximum ripple current ratio (here consider 28%);
𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑓 is the maximum peak current handled by the converter; and fs is the switching frequency (here 4 kHz). L1 is selected as 0.19mH
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Cont…
3-Filter capacitance Cf design- Capacitance design should be in such that the maximum power factor
variation at rated power is less than 5%.
𝐶𝑓 ≤ 5% 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝐵; 𝐶𝑓 = 𝐶𝑓1 + 𝐶𝑓2 ≤ 0.2005 𝑚𝐹
Here, Cf =181 µF; Cf1=Cf2=90.5 µF
•From the value of 𝐶𝑓1 and 𝐶𝑓2, the resonant circuit values of inductor 𝐿𝑓1 and 𝐿𝑓2 estimated by the given relation.
𝜔𝑠𝑓 =
1
𝐿𝑓1∗𝐶𝑓1
; 𝜔𝑠𝑓2 =
1
𝐿𝑓2∗𝐶𝑓2
Where 𝜔𝑠 = Switching frequency; and 𝜔𝑠2=Double of Switching frequency
4-Resonance Frequency of Filter- the resonance frequency of filter ranges from 10 times of grid frequency to
one half of the switching frequency to avoid the major low harmonics. 𝝎𝒓𝒆𝒔 ≈
𝟏
(
𝑳𝟏𝑳𝟐
𝑳𝟏+𝑳𝟐
)(𝑪𝒇𝟏+𝑪𝒇𝟐)
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Cont…
Table of LLCL-2TRP Filter Parameter estimated
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L1 0.19 mH
Cf1 90.5 µF
Cf2 90.5 µF
Lf1 17.5 µH
Lf2 17.5 µH
L2 0.055 mH
Resonance frequency, fres 1813.79 Hz

Cont…
Matlab Model
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Machine Parameters

Cont…
Simulation Results
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Cont…
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Cont…
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5(B)-ANFIS based DFIG for WECS with LLCL-2 Filter
Neural Network require long time in training & convergence[17-18]
Fuzzy and Neural combined effect provide fast convergence and improved performance.
Advantage of ANFIS
Simple and Low cost hardware
Easy Implementation
Robustness
Tuning
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Cont…
ANFIS Structure
•Layer1-Consists of input variables.
•Layer2-Check the weights of each MF. Calculate the
weight corresponding to each fuzzy sets.
•Layer3-Normalize the weights.
•Layer-4 provide o/p as a consequence of inference rule
•Layer 5- Combine all the inputs from layer 4 and gives
the effective output.
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Cont…
ANFIS Controller Basic Block Diagram
Inputs,2
Error and Change in Error
Output,1
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Cont…
ANFIS Controller Design Steps
Type ‘anfisedit’ in command window
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Cont…
ANFIS Controller Design Steps
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Cont…
RSC controlling Scheme with ANFIS
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Cont…
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Cont…
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5(c) ANFIS based System and effect of Hysteresis band on DC link
Voltage
In [16] Author proposes the indirect current control for GSC .
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Cont…
Grid Side Converter Control Schematic
Grid current(d-component)
𝐼𝑔𝑟𝑖𝑑 = 𝐼𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 + 𝐼𝐺𝑆𝐶 − 𝐼𝑛𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑
 Hysteresis current controller based on the
Equation,
(i)If 𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑡 > 𝐼𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐
∗
+ ℎ𝑏,
then the Upper switch is ON and lower switch is OFF.
(ii)If 𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑡 < 𝐼𝑔𝑎𝑏𝑐
∗
− ℎ𝑏,
then the Lower switch is ON and the Upper switch is OFF.
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Cont…
Hysteresis band controller working Principle
𝑖∗ − 𝑖 > 𝐻𝐵; Upper switch ON
𝑖∗ − 𝑖 > −𝐻𝐵; Lower Switch ON
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Cont…
Hysteresis band controller Design in Matlab and Response
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Cont…
Complete system schematic
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7(A)-Simulated performance of DFIG with PI and ANFIS
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Cont…
ANFIS Based PI Based
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Cont…
ANFIS Based PI Based
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Cont…
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Effect of HB on Dc link Voltage

5 (d). Simulation result of DFIG under Short circuit of DC link Cap.
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Degradation of electrolytic capacitor can causes of dc link voltage failure.
Simulation result with the single capacitor and cascaded two capacitor system under the
short circuit fault are observe.

Simulation result at single dc link capacitor
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Simulation result at cascaded system under fault applied at single
capacitor
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Cascaded Capacitor configuration
C1=C2

Conclusion
LLCL filter significantly remove the harmonics
Result Shows the harmonic mitigation significantly.
ANFIS has Better Response than PI
Cascaded capacitor more reliable than single capacitor system.
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Future Scope
The design procedure to be develop for designing the LLCL filter for all range
frequencies should be easy in some manner.
Some other control techniques may be applied for controlling the system like MPC or
hybrid system.
There should investigates the DC link Capacitor in some other configuration.
Fault ride through compliances require.
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References
[1] S. Abolhessini, A.heshmati, and J.Altmann, “ A review of renewable energy supply and energy
efficiency technologies”, discussion paper no-8145 April-2014, Institute for the study of labor
(IZA)
[2] G.M.J.Herbert, S. Iniyan, and D. Amutha, “ A review of technical issues on the development of
wind farms”, Renew., Sustain., Energy Rev., vol.32, pp619-641,2014.
[3] I. Munteanu, A. I. Bratcu, N. A. Cutululis, and E.Ceang, “Optimal Control of Wind Energy
Systems Towards a Global Approach”, Springer-Verlag London Limited,2008.
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