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The United Nations Climate Change Conference took place in Copenhagen, Denmark from December 7-19, 2009. It brought together many countries to negotiate enhancing international cooperation on climate change. While some hoped it would set firm targets to avoid dangerous climate change, the conference ultimately resulted in a political agreement rather than a binding treaty. The United States did not want to ratify the agreement, despite being one of the largest producers of greenhouse gases.
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The document summarizes key outcomes and discussions from COP17 in Durban, South Africa. There was initial lack of optimism due to disagreements between developed and developing countries. However, an agreement was reached to establish a universal legal agreement on emissions reductions by 2020 that would apply to all countries. The Durban Platform established a roadmap for negotiations toward a new treaty, but opinions were mixed on whether the outcome was sufficient to address the scale of the climate change problem.
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This document summarizes the key events and documents related to the development of international environmental governance:
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The document discusses the US role in global environmental governance, with a focus on climate change. It summarizes the US's historical leadership on environmental issues but also periods of lagging behind. It then covers international climate negotiations and agreements from the UNFCCC to the Paris Agreement. It also discusses climate science, denial, and policies of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump. Renewable energy technology advances are outlined but fossil fuels still dominate global energy.
Recommended
Report on durban_share
The document summarizes key outcomes and discussions from COP17 in Durban, South Africa. There was initial lack of optimism due to disagreements between developed and developing countries. However, an agreement was reached to establish a universal legal agreement on emissions reductions by 2020 that would apply to all countries. The Durban Platform established a roadmap for negotiations toward a new treaty, but opinions were mixed on whether the outcome was sufficient to address the scale of the climate change problem.
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Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities (CBDR–RC) is a principle that countries have different responsibilities and capabilities to address climate change. It is recognized in the UNFCCC and divides countries into Annex I (developed) and non-Annex I (developing) groups, with Annex I countries taking on a greater mitigation role. However, over time tensions have emerged as some developing countries' emissions and capabilities have increased. More recent UNFCCC agreements have moved towards a more bottom-up approach where countries determine their own contributions, while still recognizing CBDR–RC and differences in national circumstances.
Eng 1012
This document summarizes the key events and documents related to the development of international environmental governance:
- The Stockholm Declaration (1972) was the first international document to recognize the human right to a healthy environment and call on countries to cooperate to address environmental issues for the survival of humanity.
- The Brundtland Commission (1980s) linked economic growth and environmental preservation, recognizing the need to generate growth without harming the environment.
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The document discusses strategies for influencing climate change negotiations and policies in the Arab world and at COP18 in Doha, Qatar. It outlines plans to engage stakeholders like youth and royal families, conduct regional and global actions, influence country positions through bilateral meetings and policy papers, and pursue extensive media work and coverage around COP18. The goal is to help Qatar emerge as a climate leadership role and achieve a meaningful outcome from the COP18 talks that advances global climate action.
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The document defines globalization as the process by which people, cultures, money, goods and information can be transferred between countries with few or no barriers. It notes that while globalization has been happening for centuries through trade and colonialism, modern globalization is characterized by a lengthening of connections between more people and places in more areas of life. The agents that have increased globalization in the last 30 years include transnational companies, improvements in transport and communication technologies, increased international trade, and the growth of international organizations.
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Convention on Biological Diversity - CBD
Convention on Biological Diversity - CBDGovt. Degree College for Women (A), Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana
Convention on Biological Diversity
CBD
Convention on biodiversity
History of CBD
Rio Earth Summit 1992
Main features of Earth Summit
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
The United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification
UNCCD
UNFCCC
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Green Climate Fund
Paris Agreement
Copenhagan Protocol
BASIC countries
Conference of the Parties COP
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1) The establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to assess scientific information on climate change.
2) The adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and entry into force in 1994, establishing a framework for international cooperation.
3) The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which legally bound developed countries to emission reduction targets, and subsequent Conferences of the Parties to negotiate details of implementation.
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The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It was adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and has been ratified by over 190 countries. The key points are:
- The Protocol sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions for industrialized nations that collectively aim to reduce emissions by 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012.
- The United States initially participated but withdrew from the treaty in 2001, citing economic concerns and the lack of participation of developing nations.
- The Kyoto Protocol represents an international effort to address the issue of global climate change through legally binding emissions reduction targets.
Running head KYOTO POSITION PAPER1KYOTO POSITION PAPER6.docx
Running head: KYOTO POSITION PAPER 1
KYOTO POSITION PAPER 6
Kyoto Position Paper
Student
Professor
February 1, 2019
Introduction
Over the years, climate change has been the biggest problem the facing the world today. One of the main causes of climate change is as a result of the effects of human activities. One of the aspects that are used to measure climate change is global warming. This phenomenon, which measures the rise in global temperature levels, has already begun. Since 1900; the global temperature has risen by 0.7 degrees Celsius (Mathez, 2009). It is very important that all governing bodies need to pull forces together in order to reduce the effects of climate change in the world. Comment by Dila Const: Vague statement…how many years?
The establishment of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 was aimed at bringing together the world’s leading experts on the earth’s climate change to gather, asses and disseminate scientific information about climate change with a view of informing international and national policy makers (Mathez, 2009). IPCC spearheaded conferences and treaties which were aimed at bettering the climate change situation. This paper will discuss the current status of the Kyoto Treaty and what should be done about the Kyoto Protocol and global warming in the future. Moreover, this paper will discuss recent climate change conferences and treaties and how the conferences and treaties are related to the Kyoto Treaty and the United States. Comment by Dila Const: Gases?
The Kyoto Protocol, 1997
The United Nations Conference on climate change took place in 1997. The United Nations took into consideration of global warming in Kyoto Japan (McGovern 2006). In the period between 2008 and 2012 The Giants’ industrial nations had promised to reduce the use of greenhouse emission on gasses. (Archer, 2012). The conference was of great importance because it was the first agreement between countries on reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This protocol’s main feature was mandatory targets on emissions, which ranged from -8 percent to +10 percent of the countries’ individual 1990 emission levels (McGovern, 2006). The industrialized nations were in agreement to reduce the emission of the greenhouse effects by half. By the year 2012, the emission of the greenhouse gases were 5.2 percent on average. Comment by Dila Const: what does this mean?
The Kyoto Protocol was seen to be an effective way to reduce the menace of global warming. However, it was faced with problems during the process of fulfilling its mandate. For example, the United States of America, although they signed the agreement, they never ratified. Canada ratified the treaty in 2001 but set up a level that other countries were unable to achieve. The Canadian minister for environment said that Canada was applying its legal right to withdraw. The United States followed suit the same year and withdrew from the agreement. The end r.
Cop summary
COP 1 established the first joint climate measures. COP 3 resulted in the landmark Kyoto Protocol where developed countries agreed to reduce emissions. COP 7 finalized the operational details of the Kyoto Protocol paving the way for countries to ratify it. COP 13 led to the Bali Roadmap outlining the path to a post-2012 climate change agreement.
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The document summarizes a student's research paper on strategies for the upcoming COP21 climate conference in Paris. It discusses the failures of the Kyoto Protocol to meaningfully reduce global emissions due to lack of participation from major emitters like the US and China. The student argues COP21 should focus on creating voluntary, specific emission guidelines for all countries to encourage widespread adoption and pressure the US to participate. This may elevate the agreement to a universal law.
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Think Again: Climate Treaties
David Shorr
Maayan Pearl
Foreign Policy. (205):38-43
The FP Group, 2014.
2014
Climate change
International agreements
Pollutant emissions
Copenhagen Accord
Treaties
Carbon dioxide emissions
Environmental treaties
Global climate models
Diplomacy
Climate change policy
research-article
English
00157228
https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/stable/24577460
© 2014 The FP Group
edsjsr.24577460
JSTOR Journals
Think Again: Climate Treaties
Why the glacial pace of climate diplomacy isn't ruining the planet "An Ironclad Treaty Is the Only
Way to Save the Planet."
DON'T COUNT ON IT.
Time is running short for the international community to tackle climate change.
Pressure to act comes from rising temperatures and sea levels, superstorms, brutal droughts, and
diminishing food crops. It also comes from fears that these problems are going to get worse. Modern
economies have already boosted the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere by 40
percent since the Industrial Revolution. If the world stays on its current course, CO2 levels could double
by century's end, potentially raising global temperatures several more degrees. (The last time the
planet's CO2 levels were so high was 15 million years ago, when temperatures were 5 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit higher than they are today.)
Discovery Service for FIU Libraries. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.fiu.edu/eds/delivery?sid=46be4c1...
1 of 9 7/11/19, 2:27 PM
Another source of pressure, however, is self-imposed. Under the auspices of the United Nations, the
next global climate treaty -- to be negotiated among some 200 countries, with the central goal of cutting
greenhouse gas emissions -- should be enacted in 2015, to replace the now-outmoded 1997 Kyoto
Protocol. (Once passed by state parties, the new treaty would actually go into effect in 2020.)
The race against both nature and the diplomatic clock is stressful. But in the rush to do something, the
international community -- most notably, and ironically, those individuals and organizations most fervent
about combating global warming -- is often doing the wrong thing. It has become fixated on the notion of
consensus codified in international law.
The U.N. process for climate diplomacy has been in place for more than two decades, punctuated since
1995 by annual meetings at which countries assess global progress in protecting the environment and
negotiate treaties and other agreements to keep the ball rolling. Kyoto was finalized at the third such
conference. A milestone, it established targets for country-based emissions cuts. Its signal failure,
however, was leaving the world's three largest emitters of greenhouse gases unconstrained, two of them
by design. Kyoto gave developing countries, including China and Ind ...
Montreal protocol, Kyoto protocol & Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
The document discusses several major international environmental agreements:
1) The Montreal Protocol aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances. It has achieved universal ratification and has put the ozone layer on a path to recovery.
2) The Kyoto Protocol, under the UNFCCC, sets binding emissions reduction targets for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gases. Its goals are to lower emissions of six key gases and establish the Clean Development Mechanism.
3) The Convention on Biological Diversity aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use and sharing of genetic resources. It includes programs on forests, islands, inland waters and more.
copenhagon
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. According to the IPCC, the average global surface temperature increased by 0.74°C over the 20th century due to human emissions of greenhouse gases. Climate change describes long-term shifts in weather patterns caused by both natural factors and human activities like burning fossil fuels. The Copenhagen Climate Summit brought 193 countries together to forge an agreement to limit global temperature rise to 2°C through emissions reductions, but the final accord lacked enforcement mechanisms. Developing countries argue they should prioritize poverty reduction over emissions cuts, while developed nations want commitments from large emerging economies like China and India. Individual actions to conserve energy and adopt sustainable lifest
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The document summarizes people's knowledge and awareness of climate change based on a survey. It finds that while people agree climate change is a major problem, they are unaware of its specific effects, who is most affected, and details of agreements like the Kyoto Protocol. The document also summarizes the 2009 Copenhagen climate summit, noting that while countries agreed it is a global issue, the final agreement lacked binding emissions reduction targets and disappointed many.
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The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It set targets for industrialized countries to cut emissions by 5% below 1990 levels by 2008-2012. Each country agreed to its own target, such as an 8% cut for EU countries. The protocol went into legal effect in 2005 after Russia ratified it. However, countries are not on track to meet targets and the US withdrawal was a major setback. The Copenhagen Summit in 2009 aimed to forge a new agreement to replace Kyoto but only produced the non-binding Copenhagen Accord, continuing pressure for countries like the US to pass emissions legislation.
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Essay About Kyoto Protocol
The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol, which was an agreement reached in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 where 160 countries agreed to legally binding emissions reductions of greenhouse gases. Specifically, industrialized nations agreed to an average 5.2% reduction in emissions below 1990 levels between 2008-2012. The Kyoto Protocol aimed to lower emissions of six key greenhouse gases to curb global warming and restore emissions to pre-industrial levels.
RIO SUMMIT1992.ppt
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Rio de Janeiro Earth Summit, was a major UN conference held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. It was the largest gathering of world leaders at the time, with 117 heads of state in attendance. The Earth Summit aimed to establish a new partnership for sustainable development through international agreements. It produced several long-term reports and plans, including Agenda 21, and led to the establishment of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. The most significant outcome was Agenda 21, a 700-page work program for sustainable development across many areas.
International Efforts on Climate Change Mitigation
The document summarizes key events and outcomes in international efforts to address climate change mitigation from 1979 to 2011, including:
1) The establishment of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to assess scientific information on climate change.
2) The adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992 and entry into force in 1994, establishing a framework for international cooperation.
3) The adoption of the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which legally bound developed countries to emission reduction targets, and subsequent Conferences of the Parties to negotiate details of implementation.
Kyoto Protocol And The Protocol
The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement that legally binds developed countries to emission reduction targets. It operates in commitment periods, with the first from 2008-2012 and the next from 2013-2020. Currently 192 countries are members. Developed countries have heavier reduction goals based on the idea that they are primarily responsible for current GHG levels. The protocol identifies six key greenhouse gases and requires individual reduction targets for each member nation.
Report on Cancun COP16
The document summarizes the outcomes of COP16, the 2010 United Nations climate change conference in Cancun, Mexico. Key outcomes included the "Cancun Agreements," which established the Green Climate Fund to mobilize $100 billion annually for developing countries, frameworks for reducing deforestation and increasing transparency, and formalization of emissions pledges. However, no agreement was reached on extending the Kyoto Protocol, postponing that decision until COP17. Overall COP16 was seen as progressing the UNFCCC process and rejuvenating global climate cooperation.
The Pros And Cons Of Kyoto Protocol
The document discusses the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It was adopted in 1997 in Kyoto, Japan and has been ratified by over 190 countries. The key points are:
- The Protocol sets mandatory limits on greenhouse gas emissions for industrialized nations that collectively aim to reduce emissions by 5.2% below 1990 levels by 2012.
- The United States initially participated but withdrew from the treaty in 2001, citing economic concerns and the lack of participation of developing nations.
- The Kyoto Protocol represents an international effort to address the issue of global climate change through legally binding emissions reduction targets.
Running head KYOTO POSITION PAPER1KYOTO POSITION PAPER6.docx
Running head: KYOTO POSITION PAPER 1
KYOTO POSITION PAPER 6
Kyoto Position Paper
Student
Professor
February 1, 2019
Introduction
Over the years, climate change has been the biggest problem the facing the world today. One of the main causes of climate change is as a result of the effects of human activities. One of the aspects that are used to measure climate change is global warming. This phenomenon, which measures the rise in global temperature levels, has already begun. Since 1900; the global temperature has risen by 0.7 degrees Celsius (Mathez, 2009). It is very important that all governing bodies need to pull forces together in order to reduce the effects of climate change in the world. Comment by Dila Const: Vague statement…how many years?
The establishment of The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 was aimed at bringing together the world’s leading experts on the earth’s climate change to gather, asses and disseminate scientific information about climate change with a view of informing international and national policy makers (Mathez, 2009). IPCC spearheaded conferences and treaties which were aimed at bettering the climate change situation. This paper will discuss the current status of the Kyoto Treaty and what should be done about the Kyoto Protocol and global warming in the future. Moreover, this paper will discuss recent climate change conferences and treaties and how the conferences and treaties are related to the Kyoto Treaty and the United States. Comment by Dila Const: Gases?
The Kyoto Protocol, 1997
The United Nations Conference on climate change took place in 1997. The United Nations took into consideration of global warming in Kyoto Japan (McGovern 2006). In the period between 2008 and 2012 The Giants’ industrial nations had promised to reduce the use of greenhouse emission on gasses. (Archer, 2012). The conference was of great importance because it was the first agreement between countries on reducing the emission of greenhouse gases. This protocol’s main feature was mandatory targets on emissions, which ranged from -8 percent to +10 percent of the countries’ individual 1990 emission levels (McGovern, 2006). The industrialized nations were in agreement to reduce the emission of the greenhouse effects by half. By the year 2012, the emission of the greenhouse gases were 5.2 percent on average. Comment by Dila Const: what does this mean?
The Kyoto Protocol was seen to be an effective way to reduce the menace of global warming. However, it was faced with problems during the process of fulfilling its mandate. For example, the United States of America, although they signed the agreement, they never ratified. Canada ratified the treaty in 2001 but set up a level that other countries were unable to achieve. The Canadian minister for environment said that Canada was applying its legal right to withdraw. The United States followed suit the same year and withdrew from the agreement. The end r.
Cop summary
COP 1 established the first joint climate measures. COP 3 resulted in the landmark Kyoto Protocol where developed countries agreed to reduce emissions. COP 7 finalized the operational details of the Kyoto Protocol paving the way for countries to ratify it. COP 13 led to the Bali Roadmap outlining the path to a post-2012 climate change agreement.
environment summmit.pptx
The United Nations Conference on the Human Environment in 1972 was the UN's first major conference on the environment. It established the UN Environment Programme and adopted the Stockholm Declaration which set principles for environmental preservation and recommended international action. Subsequent UN conferences and summits, including the 1992 Earth Summit and 2019 Climate Action Summit, aimed to address environmental protection and sustainable development through agreements like Agenda 21 and the Rio Declaration.
Go green india
This document discusses the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference in Durban, South Africa from November 28th to December 9th, 2011. It notes that global carbon dioxide emissions from burning fossil fuels have risen 49% since 1990 despite past conferences like Copenhagen and Cancun that aimed to adopt policies to reduce emissions. Experts argue that more urgent action is needed by 2020 to prevent global temperature increases beyond 2°C from pre-industrial levels. The Durban conference aims to finalize agreements from Cancun on financing climate adaptation and mitigation efforts in developing countries, as well as forest protection and clean technology cooperation.
Kyoto and Beyond
The document summarizes a student's research paper on strategies for the upcoming COP21 climate conference in Paris. It discusses the failures of the Kyoto Protocol to meaningfully reduce global emissions due to lack of participation from major emitters like the US and China. The student argues COP21 should focus on creating voluntary, specific emission guidelines for all countries to encourage widespread adoption and pressure the US to participate. This may elevate the agreement to a universal law.
TitleAuthorsSourcePublisher InformationPub
Title:
Authors:
Source:
Publisher Information:
Publication Year:
Subject Terms:
Document Type:
Language:
ISSN:
Access URL:
Rights:
Accession Number:
Database:
Record: 1
Think Again: Climate Treaties
David Shorr
Maayan Pearl
Foreign Policy. (205):38-43
The FP Group, 2014.
2014
Climate change
International agreements
Pollutant emissions
Copenhagen Accord
Treaties
Carbon dioxide emissions
Environmental treaties
Global climate models
Diplomacy
Climate change policy
research-article
English
00157228
https://www-jstor-org.ezproxy.fiu.edu/stable/24577460
© 2014 The FP Group
edsjsr.24577460
JSTOR Journals
Think Again: Climate Treaties
Why the glacial pace of climate diplomacy isn't ruining the planet "An Ironclad Treaty Is the Only
Way to Save the Planet."
DON'T COUNT ON IT.
Time is running short for the international community to tackle climate change.
Pressure to act comes from rising temperatures and sea levels, superstorms, brutal droughts, and
diminishing food crops. It also comes from fears that these problems are going to get worse. Modern
economies have already boosted the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere by 40
percent since the Industrial Revolution. If the world stays on its current course, CO2 levels could double
by century's end, potentially raising global temperatures several more degrees. (The last time the
planet's CO2 levels were so high was 15 million years ago, when temperatures were 5 to 10 degrees
Fahrenheit higher than they are today.)
Discovery Service for FIU Libraries. http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.fiu.edu/eds/delivery?sid=46be4c1...
1 of 9 7/11/19, 2:27 PM
Another source of pressure, however, is self-imposed. Under the auspices of the United Nations, the
next global climate treaty -- to be negotiated among some 200 countries, with the central goal of cutting
greenhouse gas emissions -- should be enacted in 2015, to replace the now-outmoded 1997 Kyoto
Protocol. (Once passed by state parties, the new treaty would actually go into effect in 2020.)
The race against both nature and the diplomatic clock is stressful. But in the rush to do something, the
international community -- most notably, and ironically, those individuals and organizations most fervent
about combating global warming -- is often doing the wrong thing. It has become fixated on the notion of
consensus codified in international law.
The U.N. process for climate diplomacy has been in place for more than two decades, punctuated since
1995 by annual meetings at which countries assess global progress in protecting the environment and
negotiate treaties and other agreements to keep the ball rolling. Kyoto was finalized at the third such
conference. A milestone, it established targets for country-based emissions cuts. Its signal failure,
however, was leaving the world's three largest emitters of greenhouse gases unconstrained, two of them
by design. Kyoto gave developing countries, including China and Ind ...
Montreal protocol, Kyoto protocol & Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
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1) The Montreal Protocol aims to protect the ozone layer by phasing out ozone-depleting substances. It has achieved universal ratification and has put the ozone layer on a path to recovery.
2) The Kyoto Protocol, under the UNFCCC, sets binding emissions reduction targets for developed countries to reduce greenhouse gases. Its goals are to lower emissions of six key gases and establish the Clean Development Mechanism.
3) The Convention on Biological Diversity aims to conserve biodiversity and promote sustainable use and sharing of genetic resources. It includes programs on forests, islands, inland waters and more.
copenhagon
Global warming refers to the long-term rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system. According to the IPCC, the average global surface temperature increased by 0.74°C over the 20th century due to human emissions of greenhouse gases. Climate change describes long-term shifts in weather patterns caused by both natural factors and human activities like burning fossil fuels. The Copenhagen Climate Summit brought 193 countries together to forge an agreement to limit global temperature rise to 2°C through emissions reductions, but the final accord lacked enforcement mechanisms. Developing countries argue they should prioritize poverty reduction over emissions cuts, while developed nations want commitments from large emerging economies like China and India. Individual actions to conserve energy and adopt sustainable lifest
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Chapter 2
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Work of english
- 1. 7-19 DECEMBER 2009 By Paula, Ainhoa, Javier, Héctor and David.
- 2. What is it? It is the United Nations Change Conference in Copenhagen, Denmark. It took place from 7-19 December 2009. It was the end product of two years of negotiations about enhancing international climate change cooperation. Many hoped that this conference would set the world on a path towards avoiding dangerous climate change.
- 3. When was it signed? It was signed the 7-19 of December of 2009.
- 4. Who signed it? The countries that signed it were: U.S.A, China, Brazil, South Africa and European Union.
- 5. Who didn´t sign it? The countries who didn’t sign it were: Venezuela, Sudán, Nicaragua and Bolivia.
- 7. Positive aspect of this agreement. The advantage is that greenhouse gases would be reduced by a large percentage worldwide, thanks to the agreement reached by developed countries that are the ones that produce the most gases.
- 8. Negative aspect in this protocol. The disadvantage is that the United States is the only developed country that did not want to ratify the agreement and it is the country that most contaminates with this type of gases worldwide.