1. Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force. Different types of work include positive work when force and motion are in the same direction and negative work when they are in opposite directions.
2. Energy exists in various forms and can be transferred from one object to another or changed from one form to another, but the total quantity of energy remains constant. Common forms include potential energy due to an object's position or shape and kinetic energy due to its motion.
3. The principle of conservation of energy states that the total energy in an isolated system remains constant over time. Energy can change form but cannot be created or destroyed. For example, when an object is lifted its
This PPT is based on Physics on Chapter Motion. In this you will find every thing of that chapter with great images. in this PPT their are many animation and images .
thank you
This PPT is based on Physics on Chapter Motion. In this you will find every thing of that chapter with great images. in this PPT their are many animation and images .
thank you
This is a ppt on motion for class 9 studying students, hope you like it. If you have any questions message me on http;//sh.st/PVqfi
Regards
Mridul Verma
Innocent Hearts School
Chapter - 15, Improvement in Food Resources, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
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Chapter 15, Improvement in Food Resources, Science, Class 9
FOOD
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS AND THEIR NUTRITIONAL - VALUE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROP WITH SEASON
CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
MANURE & FERTILIZERS
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION METHODS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
CROPPING PATTERNS
CROP ROTATION
CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT
PESTS
DISEASES
STORAGE OF GRAINS
HOW TO PREVENT STORAGE LOSS?
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
POULTRY FARMING
BENEFITS OF CROSS BREEDING
FISH PRODUCTION
MARINE FISHERIES
INLAND FISHERIES
COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE
BEEKEEPING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9
PURE SUBSTANCES
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
CONCENTRATION
SUSPENSION
COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
TYNDALL EFFECT
COMPONENTS OF COLLOID
SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
This is a ppt on motion for class 9 studying students, hope you like it. If you have any questions message me on http;//sh.st/PVqfi
Regards
Mridul Verma
Innocent Hearts School
Chapter - 15, Improvement in Food Resources, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter 15, Improvement in Food Resources, Science, Class 9
FOOD
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROPS AND THEIR NUTRITIONAL - VALUE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CROP WITH SEASON
CROP VARIETY IMPROVEMENT
CROP PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT
MANURE & FERTILIZERS
IRRIGATION
IRRIGATION METHODS
RAINWATER HARVESTING
CROPPING PATTERNS
CROP ROTATION
CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT
PESTS
DISEASES
STORAGE OF GRAINS
HOW TO PREVENT STORAGE LOSS?
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY
POULTRY FARMING
BENEFITS OF CROSS BREEDING
FISH PRODUCTION
MARINE FISHERIES
INLAND FISHERIES
COMPOSITE FISH CULTURE
BEEKEEPING
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9
PURE SUBSTANCES
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
CONCENTRATION
SUSPENSION
COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
TYNDALL EFFECT
COMPONENTS OF COLLOID
SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
ENERGY AND POWER
This ppt is from XI class CBSE board
Energy
A body which has the capacity to do work is said to possess energy.
For example , water in a reservoir is said to possesses energy as it could be used to drive a turbine lower down the valley. There are many forms of energy e.g. electrical, chemical heat, nuclear, mechanical etc.
The SI units are the same as those for work, Joules J.
In this module only purely mechanical energy will be considered. This may be of two kinds, potential and kinetic.
Power
Power is the rate at which work is done, or the rate at which energy is used transferred.
Equation 3.6
The SI unit for power is the watt W.
A power of 1W means that work is being done at the rate of 1J/s.
Larger units for power are the kilowatt kW (1kW = 1000 W = 103 W) and
the megawatt MW (1 MW = 1000000 W = 106 W).
If work is being done by a machine moving at speed v against a constant force, or resistance, F, then since work doe is force times distance, work done per second is Fv, which is the same as power.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. 1. Work
2. Work done by an oblique force
3. Positive, zero and negative work done
4. Energy
5. Potential energy
6. Kinetic energy
7. Power
8. Transformation of energy
9. Law of conservation of energy
10.Simple pendulum
Created by C. Mani, Principal,
K V No.1, AFS, Jalahalli West, Bangalore
5. A body dropped from a height falls
towards the earth. It indicates that the
earth exerts a force of attraction (called
gravity) on the body. The gravitational
force does work in pulling the body
towards it.
An engine of a moving vehicle does work.
6. Work done in moving a body is equal to the product of force exerted on
the body and the distance moved by the body in the direction of force.
Work done in moving a body is equal to the product of force exerted
on the body and the displacement of the body.
or
Work done = Force x Displacement
W = F x s
F
s
Work is said to be done scientifically when a force applied on a body
produces motion in it.
7. 1. Work is a scalar quantity.
2. Work can be positive or zero or negative.
3. Negative work does not mean it a vector quantity. Work done by friction
is negative as the displacement is opposite to the friction.
4. SI unit of work is ‘joule’ or ‘J’.
1 joule = 1 newton x 1 metre or 1 J = 1 Nm
1 joule is the amount of work done when 1 newton of force acting on a
body displaces it through 1 metre.
5. CGS unit of work is ‘erg’.
1 joule = 107
erg or 1 erg = 10-7
joule
8. Examples:
1. A man holding a book in his hands in a stationary position does not do
any work since the weight of the book acting on him does not produce
any displacement.
2. A man trying to push a rigid and stationary wall does not do work since
the force applied by him does not move the wall.
For work to be done, both
force and displacement
must be present in a body.
If a force applied on a body
does not produce
displacement in the body,
scientifically work is not
done.
W
F
9. Work done by an oblique force
F
θ
s
Work done = Force x Displacement
W = F cosθ x s = Fs cosθ
F cosθ
F sinθ
Force ‘F’ is resolved into two
rectangular components.
Fsinθ acting in the vertical
direction does not displace
the body in that direction.
Therefore, work done by the
component Fsinθ is zero.
Fcosθ acting in the horizontal direction displaces the body in that direction.
Therefore,
10. Positive, Zero and Negative Work done
1. The work done is positive if the force acts on a body in the direction of its
motion.
W = Fs cosθ
W = Fs cos0º
W = Fs (cos0º = 1)
2. The work done is zero if the force acts on a body in the direction
perpendicular to its motion.
W = Fs cosθ
W = Fs cos90º
W = 0 (cos90º = 0)
3. The work done is negative if the force acts on a body in the direction
opposite to its motion.
W = Fs cosθ
W = Fs cos180º
W = - Fs (cos180º = -1)
F s
F
s
90º
f
s
180º
11. Earth
Satellite’s Orbit
1. Work done by gravitational force on a satellite is zero because the force
acts perpendicular to the direction of motion of the satellite.
Examples:
13. 3. When we throw a ball vertically
upwards, the work done by our force
is positive whereas the work done by
the gravitational force is negative
since it acts in the direction
opposite to the motion of the ball.
4. When the ball falls back, the work
done by the gravitational force is
positive since it acts along the
direction of motion of the ball.
14. ENERGY
Energy is the ability to do work.
or
The amount of energy possessed by a body is equal to the amount of
work it can do when its energy is released.
1. Energy is a scalar quantity.
2. SI unit of energy is ‘joule’ or ‘J’.
3. CGS unit of energy is ‘erg’.
1 joule = 107
erg or 1 erg = 10-7
joule
Different Forms of Energy
1. Mechanical energy ---> Potential energy and Kinetic energy
2. Heat energy 3. Light energy
4. Sound energy 5. Chemical energy
6. Electrical energy 7. Magnetic energy
8. Nuclear energy
15. POTENTIAL ENERGY
Potential energy is defined as the energy of a body due to its position or
change in shape.
Examples:
Work (driving the nail into the wooden block) is done by the hammer when
its energy is released.
The raised hammer
possesses potential
energy.
16. The water stored in overhead tank
possesses potential energy.
Water, when released, is made to flow
(work is done) by this potential energy.
17. F
When the spring is released the potential energy
stored in the spring does work on the ball and the
ball starts moving.
Potential energy is stored in a compressed spring.
18. When released, it does the work of firing the stone.
Potential energy is stored in a stretched catapult.
19. Suppose a body of mass ‘m’ is raised to a height ‘h’
above the surface of the earth against the
acceleration due to gravity ‘g’.
The work done in lifting the body against the force of
gravity is given by
m
h
g
Work done = Force x Displacement
W = mg x h
= mgh
This work done is stored in the body in the form of
potential energy.
Therefore, Potential energy PE = mgh
Potential energy is a scalar quantity.
But, it is to be taken with proper + or – sign
depending on whether work is done against the
force or by the force.
Formula for Potential Energy
20. Note:
1. Potential energy is path independent.
i.e. it depends on the net vertical displacement (height) of the body but
not on the path through which it is raised.
2. Potential energy in a round trip (i.e. over a closed path) is zero.
PE gained by the body = + mgh
PE lost by the body = - mgh
Total PE in round trip = + mgh – mgh = 0
Therefore, gravitational force is a conservative force.
m
h
g
m
h
g
m m
m
PE = mghPE = mgh PE = mgh – mgh = 0
21. KINETIC ENERGY
Kinetic energy is defined as the energy of a body due to its motion.
i.e. Every moving body possesses kinetic energy.
Examples:
1. A moving cricket ball possesses kinetic energy.
22. 2. Every moving part in this engine possesses kinetic energy.
23. Suppose a body of mass ‘m’ moving with a velocity ‘u’ is acted upon by a
force ‘F’ for time ‘t’. Let ‘v’ be the final velocity and ‘s’ be the displacement
of the body at the end of the time.
The work done by the force in displacing the body is given by
Work done = Force x Displacement
W = F x s
= ma x s
= m (as) ……………..(1)
We know that v2
= u2
+ 2as
or as = ½(v2
–u2
)
Substituting for as in (1)
W = m x ½(v2
–u2
)
W = ½m(v2
–u2
)
This work done is possessed by the body in the form of kinetic energy.
Therefore, KE = ½m(v2
–u2
)
If the body is initially at rest and its final velocity is ‘v’, then KE = ½mv2
Formula for Kinetic Energy
24. Note:
1. Kinetic energy is
i) directly proportional to the mass of the body, and
ii) directly proportional to the square of velocity of the body.
If mass is doubled, KE is doubled and if the mass is halved, KE is also
halved.
If velocity is doubled, KE increases four times and if the mass is halved,
KE reduces to ¼ of its original value.
2. Kinetic energy is always positive.
Why?
Mass is always positive. Even if the velocity is negative, square of
velocity will be positive. Therefore, kinetic energy is always positive.
3. Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity.
4. The term ‘speed’ can be used in place of ‘velocity’ in the formula for
kinetic energy.
25. POWER
Power is defined as the rate of doing work or consuming energy.
or
Power is defined as the rate of conversion of one form of energy into
another form of energy.
P =
W
t
Power =
Time taken
Work done
or Power =
Time taken
Energy consumed
P =
E
t
26. Note:
1. Power is a scalar quantity.
2. SI unit of power is ‘watt’.
3. 1 watt = 1 joule per second
4. 1 watt is the power when 1 joule of work is done in 1 second or 1 watt is
the power when 1 joule of energy is consumed in 1 second.
5. 1 kilowatt = 1000 watt or 1 kW = 1000 W
6. 1 megawatt = 1,000,000 watt or 1 MW = 106
W
7. Another unit of power is called ‘horse power’ or ‘hp’
8. 1 hp = 746 W
9. The power of engines of cars and other vehicles is measured by unit
called ‘brake horse power’ which is equal to 1 horse power.
COMMERCIAL UNIT OF ENERGY
The commercial unit or trade unit of energy is kilowatt-hour (kWh).
1 kWh is the amount of electrical energy consumed when an electrical appliance
having a power rating of 1 kilowatt is used for 1 hour.
1 kilowatt-hour = 1000 watt x 3600 seconds = 3,600,000 Ws = 3.6 x 106
Joule
27. TRANSFORMATION OF ENERGY
Examples:
Device Energy in 1st
Form
Energy in 2nd
Form
Energy in 3rd
& 4th
Form
A body is thrown
upwards
Kinetic energy Potential
energy
A body is dropped
from a height above
the surface of the
earth
Potential energy Kinetic
energy
Sound, Light &
Heat (spark) if the
body is stone or
heavy metal falling
on the hard
surface
Filament bulb Electrical energy Heat and
Light energy
Electric iron Electrical energy Heat energy (Also Light energy
if an indicator is
fixed)
The change of one form of energy into another form of energy is known as
transformation of energy.
28. Device Energy in 1st
Form
Energy in 2nd
Form
Energy in 3rd
& 4th
Form
Thermoelectric power
station
Chemical energy
of coal
Heat energy Kinetic energy and
then Electric
energy
Hydroelectric power
station
Potential energy
of water stored
in high dam
Kinetic
energy
Electric energy
Nuclear power station Nuclear energy Heat energy Kinetic energy and
then Electric
energy
Windmill for electricity Kinetic energy of
wind
Electrical
energy
Microphone Sound energy Electrical
energy
Loudspeaker Electrical energy Sound
energy
Gas stove Chemical energy
of LPG
Heat & Light
29. LAW OF CONSERVATION OF ENERGY
Law of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor
destroyed.
Whenever energy changes from one form into another, the total amount of
energy remains constant.
When a body is thrown upwards or dropped
from height, the total mechanical energy (i.e.
sum of potential and kinetic energy) at each
and every point on its path remains
constant.
Note that at the highest point of its motion,
the energy is fully in the form of potential
energy and at the lowest point, the energy is
fully in the form of kinetic energy. At all
other points, the energy is partially potential
and partially kinetic.
30. Potential energy is maximum and kinetic energy is zero at extreme positions.
Kinetic energy is maximum and potential energy is minimum at the mean
position.
31. Acknowledgemen
t
The objects copied from various sites:
1. Pictures of James Prescott Joule and James Watt
2. Earth
3. Sun
4. Satellite
5. Animated steam engine
6. Open Book
Reference Material
1. IX – Science & Technology by NCERT
2. Science for Ninth Class (Part-1: Physics) by S. Chand