The document discusses women's economic empowerment and entrepreneurship. It notes that 191 countries signed agreements to achieve equal rights for women by 2015 as part of the Millennium Development Goals. Economic empowerment, including self-employment, leads to the economic empowerment of women as a whole by acquiring skills and properly channeling them towards meaningful income and savings. The document also outlines several strategies to develop women entrepreneurs, such as providing training, counseling, access to financing, and addressing social and cultural barriers.

1. WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Dr.D.ILANGOVAN, Professor of Commerce,
Annamalai University, Annamalainagar-608 002
E-mail dil2691@yahoo.co.in

2. NATIONAL SEMINAR in
COMMERCE
Congratulations to
Jeyaraj Annabakkiyam
College, Periyakulam
On its Silver Jubilee

3. No Progress without
Gender Equality- MDGs
 Millennium Development Goals [MDGs]
 191 countries signed to achieve ‘Equal
Rights for Women’ by the year 2015
 Women Empowerment is the Goal
 Social Empowerment [SE]
 Economic Empowerment [EE]
 Political Empowerment [PE]
 ‘EE’ paves way for others automatically

4. Economic Empowerment
 Self-Awareness and Self Assessment
 Self-management and Self-governance
 Self-employment leads to ‘Economic
Empowerment’ of Women as a whole
 All the above are achieved by ‘Acquiring
of Skills, Development of and properly
channelizing them’ towards meaningful
income
 Creation of savings and asset building

5. UNIDO’s Future Focus
 Development of small and medium
enterprises
 Rural industrial development & women
entrepreneurship
 Industrial information, investment and
technology promotion
 Environment and energy
 Innovation, productivity and quality for
international competitiveness.

6. Six Points for Success
 Come up with a compelling idea.
 Have a well thought out execution plan.
 Execute as planned and demonstrate
success quickly.
 Be passionate about your idea, articulate
it well.
 Build a core team that buys into your idea.
 Market building and customer satisfaction

7. Women’s wage as a percentage
of men’s- early 1990s/late 1990s
Period By Edn. Level by Std.s
0-5 6-9 10-12 <13
Early 90s 62.64 66.80 80.80 69.20
Late 90s 73.40 70.60 76.80 73.00
Source: I.L.O.

8. Modern Avenues of the
Women Entrepreneurs
 World Bank Institute-funded Women's
Enterprise Management Training
Outreach Program (WEMTOP).
 Grassroots Management Training (GMT)
 Training of Enterprise Support Teams
(TEST)
 Enterprise Support Teams (ESTs).

9. Scheme for Women
Entrepreneurship
 Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development of
Women (TREAD)
 The scheme has three components;
 (a) To provide assistance to women entrepreneurs through NGOs for
non farm entrepreneurial activity.
 (b) To build up capacity of Entrepreneurship Development Institutions
like National Institute for Small Industry Extension & Training
(NISIET), Small Industries Service Institutes (SISI), State level EDIs,
etc., by providing financial support in the form of Government of India
grant.
 (c) To create entrepreneurship development training facility through
NGOs by providing financial support for conducting training
programmes.

10. State Level Bankers
Committee, 2005-06, UP
 The total advances in the priority sector (that
includes 14 segments like agriculture, software,
small scale industries, food processing, retail
trade) made by lead, non-lead, private, regional
rural, scheduled commercial, and co-operative
banks in UP, were Rs.45,315 crores.
 Of these, advances made to women are a mere
Rs.3,529 crore, a miniscule 7.7 per cent of the
total.
 Private sector banks fare worse than this
average, with only Rs.14.2 crores of the
Rs.2,565 crores - a measly .5 percent - of
priority sector advances going to women.

11. Karnataka State Financial
Corporation, 2001-02
 A downward trend in financial assistance
given to women since 2000-01 when 540
women were given loans worth Rs 100.93 cr.
 The figure dropped to Rs 62.17 cr. given to
283 women in 2004-05.
 The state's Department of Industries and
Commerce too helped only 2,146 women set
up small scale industries in 2004-05 as
against the 3,630 women it had helped in
2002-03.

12. Push-Pull factors and
Women in business
 The greatest deterrent to women entrepreneurs
is that they are women. A kind of patriarchal
 The bankers consider women loonies as higher
risk than men loonies.
 The women entrepreneurs are suffering from
inadequate financial resources and working
capital.
 Women's family obligations also bar them from
becoming successful entrepreneurs in both
developed and developing nations. Cont…d

13. Cont………….d
 Indian women give more emphasis to family
ties and relationships
 Women entrepreneurs have low-level
management skills
 The male - female competition is another
factor
 Lack of knowledge on raw-materials,
technology, market creation, support systems
and obviously cost control techniques
 Low-level risk taking attitude is another factor
affecting women

14. How to Develop Women
Entrepreneurs?
1. Consider women as specific target group
for all developmental programmes.
2. Better educational facilities and schemes
should be extended to women folk from
government part.
3. Adequate training programme on
management skills to be provided to women
community.
4. Encourage women's participation in
decision-making. Cont……..d

15. Cont…………d
5. Vocational training to be extended to women
community that enables them to understand the
production process and production management.
6. Skill development to be done in women's polytechnics
and industrial training institutes. Skills are put to work in
training-cum-production workshops.
7. Training on professional competence and leadership
skill to be extended to women entrepreneurs.
8. Training and counselling on a large scale of existing
women entrepreneurs to remove psychological causes
like lack of self-confidence and fear of success. Cont..d

16. Cont………d
9. Counselling through the aid of committed
NGOs, psychologists, managerial experts and
technical personnel should be provided to
existing and emerging women entrepreneurs.
10. Continuous monitoring and improvement of
training programmes.
11. Activities in which women are trained should
focus on their marketability and profitability.
12. Making provision of marketing and sales
assistance from government part. Cont…..d

17. Cont…………..d
13. To encourage more passive women entrepreneurs the
Women training programme should be organised that taught
to recognize her own psychological needs and express
them.
14. State finance corporations and financing institutions
should permit by statute to extend purely trade related
finance to women entrepreneurs.
15. Women's development corporations have to gain
access to open-ended financing.
16. The financial institutions should provide more working
capital assistance both for small scale venture and large
scale ventures. Cont.d

18. Cont…..d
17. Making provision of micro credit system and
enterprise credit system to the women entrepreneurs at
local level.
18. Repeated gender sensitisation programmes should
be held to train financiers to treat women with dignity
and respect as persons in their own right.
19. Infrastructure, in the form of industrial plots and
sheds, to set up industries is to be provided by state run
agencies.
20. Industrial estates could also provide marketing
outlets for the display and sale of products made by
women. Cont…..d

19. Cont……….d
21. A Women Entrepreneur's Guidance Cell set
up to handle the various problems of women
entrepreneurs all over the state.
22. District Industries Centres and Single
Window Agencies should make use of assisting
women in their trade and business guidance.
23. Programmes for encouraging
entrepreneurship among women are to be
extended at local level. Cont……d

20. Cont…..d
24. Training in entrepreneurial attitudes should
start at the high school level through well-
designed courses, which build confidence
through behavioral games.
25. More governmental schemes to motivate
women entrepreneurs to engage in small scale
and large-scale business ventures.
26. Involvement of Non Governmental
Organizations in women entrepreneurial training
programmes and counselling.